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Biomedical subjects

V P Leskov

Publications and source records attributed to V P Leskov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis].

This paper is concerned with intracellular infections such as herpes virus, cytomegalovirus and Chlamydia pneumonia which may be implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These viral and bacterial pathogens are regarded as potential causative factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The authors support the hypothesis that these infections may induce endothelial injury. The paper reviews both direct and indirect immune system-mediated effect of the viruses indicated on the disease process and the potential role of killer cells in endothelial injury.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed2001

[Immunity and stress].

Changes occurring in stress response in the immune system and their effect upon resistance against infectious diseases, were studied. The main mechanisms of the stress induction involve: enhancement of the corticotropin-releasing factor and/or adrenocorticotropic hormone synthesis under the effect of interleukin-1; induced by an infection synthesis of the adrenocorticotropic hormone by lymphocytes, enhancement of the corticotropin-releasing factor synthesis under the effect of a psycho-emotional tension. The main reasons of decline in the immune-competence in stress, are discussed. Significance of stress-response as one of the mechanisms of the organism physiological response to extreme circumstances, is considered.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1994

Histamine releasing activity of blood mononuclear cells is acquired by means of activation of mast cells.

It has been shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from atopic patients with acute clinical manifestations of pollinosis, atopic dermatitis or bronchial asthma, and preincubated in vitro for 18 hours, acquired the ability to induce histamine release from auto-basophils and basophils of healthy donors. Both PBMC and their supernatants possessed this histamine releasing activity (HRA). During remission, HRA could be reproduced in sensitive patients after positive cutaneous tests with a specific allergen. Skin tests with non-specific allergen or histamine-induced provocations were ineffective. HRA of PBMC was also reproduced in healthy individuals after pronounced Prausnitz-Küstner reactions or compound 48/80-induced inflammatory responses. It is concluded that the in vivo activation of mast cells (MC) might be responsible for the acquirement by PBMC of the potential ability to induce histamine release and that this ability was realized after in vitro incubation of such prepared PBMC.

Asthma↗
PubMed1993

Extracorporeal immunopharmacotherapy in patients with chronic septic cholangitis.

An immunological examination of patients with septic cholangitis revealed secondary immunodeficiency. Traditional methods of therapy and immunocorrection were ineffective in eight patients with septic cholangitis. They were treated with extracorporeal immunopharmacotherapy using diuciphon. For the accomplishing detoxication, this was used in combination with plasma exchange. The course of treatment consisted of 3 or 4 procedures, within a 3- or 4-day interval. As a result of extracorporeal immunocorrection, patients were observed to have positive immunological indexes, demonstrated by the normalization of the lymphocyte count in 5 of 6 patients, CD3+ and CD4+ in 3 patients, and CD8+ in 4. Four patients had clinical remissions (0.5 year), and 3 patients underwent surgery with no septic postoperative complications.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

[Regulatory effects of human mononuclear cells treated with diucifon may be dependent on membrane-associated form of interleukin-2].

The immunomodulating activity of diucifon--activated and glutaraldehyde fixed human mononuclear cells (MNC-DGA) was studied in the test--system of autologous and allogenic mononuclear cells proliferative response. It was shown that MNC-DGA had the same stimulating activity as the diucifon treated unfixed cells. The immunomodulating capacity of MNC-DGA was fully abolished in the case MNC-DGA. So, the interaction between interleukin 2 receptor (Tac--antigen) and the membrane form of the mediator, expressed on MNC after diucifon treatment may play an important role in MNC-DGA immunomodulating activity. The regulating activity of MNC-DGA was revealed both in autologous and allogenic systems. The speculation is that construction of new immunomodulating drugs as complexes of cell-like carrier and immunomodulators fixed on their surface may be perspective.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

[The therapeutic use of diucifon-activated immunocytes in adoptive transfer in mice with burn trauma complicated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection].

The effectiveness of the therapeutic use of diucyphone-stimulated syngeneic spleen cells was studied in mice with a burn trauma complicated by P. aeruginosa infection. For this purpose CBA mice were subjected to a burn of degree IIIa, covering 30% of their body surface, the wound was infected with P. aeruginosa strain, and 24 hours later spleen cells were taken from some of these animals. The spleen cells, incubated for 3 hours with or without diucyphone at a concentration of 10-100 micrograms/ml, were washed and reinfused intravenously to the remaining animals. The injection of diucyphone-treated spleen cells was shown to greatly increase the survival rate of the animals, to accelerate healing processes and to enhance the proliferative response of spleen cells to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A) and interleukin-2. A conclusion was made on the efficacy of the therapeutic use of diucyphone-activated immunocompetent cells in cases of immunodeficiency induced by burn infection.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

[The role of mononuclear leukocytes in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis].

To specify the role of mononuclear (MN) leukocytes in the development of mesangial cell proliferation, which is one of the main manifestations of glomerulonephritis, cell cultures of renal glomeruli of rats with nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis were examined for the intensity of mesangial cell proliferation, the MN-leukocyte count, and for IL-1 production. The amount of mesangial cells and the intensity of their proliferation in the cultures of glomerular cells from rats with NTS nephritis were much higher than in intact rat cultures. At the same time the glomerular cultures from rats with NTS nephritis demonstrated an increase in the MN leukocyte count together with enhancement of IL-1 production. The treatment with prednisolone averted accumulation of MN leukocytes by the glomerular cultures and noticeably reduced mesangial cell proliferation. The supernatant liquid of cultures of peripheral blood MN leukocytes from patients with active nephritis suppressed human fibroblast proliferation, exerting no such action on mesangial cell culture. During the treatment with prednisolone, the supernatant liquid produced a reverse effect on fibroblast and mesangial cell cultures, which was associated with the clinical improvement of the health status. It is assumed that mesangial cell proliferation seen in nephritis may be related to infiltration of the glomeruli by MN leukocytes and to elevated production by them of IL-1 and that the therapeutic action of prednisolone may be determined by suppression of these processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Interleukin-1 production by mononuclear leukocytes and mesangial cells in experimental nephrotoxic nephritis].

We investigated the intensiveness of the cell proliferation, number of mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) and production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in glomerular cell cultures of rats with nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis and control (C) rats. Five days after intravenous injection of nephrotoxic serum from rabbits the glomeruli were isolated, treated with collagenase and cultured over a period of 20 days. In cultures the number and intensity of mesangial cell proliferation in the NTS group were significantly higher than in the C group. Thus, the intensive mesangial cell proliferation in experimental nephrotoxic serum nephritis is related to infiltration of glomerulus by MNL of bone marrow origin with increased production of IL-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Cells-boosters as the modulators of immunogenesis].

In the course of mouse immune response to ram erythrocytes, cells capable of enhancing immune and proliferative response (enhancing cells, or EC) are shown to appear in the spleen. The EC effect is antigen-unspecific. Cycloheximide (CH), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, speeds up EC development, which is associated with a greater immune response. In vitro CH treatment of mouse spleen cells (SC), for 3 hours at 37 degrees C, CH taken in a concentration of 1-3 micrograms/ml, resulted in in vitro induction of EC, capable of enhancing proliferative response to PHA and recombinant IL-2 in normal SC and increasing immune response to ram erythrocytes. Glutaric aldehyde fixation of EC was not reflected in their immunostimulating activity, either in vivo, or in vitro. The data obtained point to the significance of CH-induced changes in membrane-associated structures in mediating EC effect. It is assumed that the agents, altering the expression of functionally-significant structures (membrane-linked mediators and auxiliary intercellular interaction molecules) on cell surface, may be used for extracorporeal treatment of lymphoid cells to be eventually re-introduced into the body to control immunologic disorders.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

[Multifractionated radiotherapy of esophageal cancer].

The authors investigated the effectiveness of multifractionated radiotherapy with a daily dose (2-2.2 Gy) divided into equal fractions provided to 42 esophageal cancer patients. The total focal dose was 40-70 Gy. Most of the patients were at the age of over 50, stage T3-4 was established in 83%. Multifractionated irradiation was shown to reduce the frequency and severity of general and local radiation reactions, maintaining a therapeutic effect. Owing to improved tolerance of the treatment, the number of patients eligible for radical radiotherapy was on an increase. It permitted the improvement of immediate therapeutic results and an increase in the mean survival of patients with a good immediate therapeutic result. Complete tumor regression, detected on x-ray, was achieved in 31%, and in the use of the common method--in 20% only. The above method should be regarded as a sparing one to be used for the treatment of weakened patients and patients with associated pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinico-immunologic characteristics of acute toxic-allergic reactions to drugs and current methods for their treatment].

The paper is concerned with clinicoimmunological and allergological characterization of 29 cases of acute toxic allergic reactions (ATAR) to drugs. Four degrees of severity of disease were identified; the most severe form was toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by the use of sulfanilamides and pyrazolones in patients with acute respiratory virus and bacterial infections. Blood analysis in patients with III-IV degree of severity showed a sharp decrease in Ctot and C3 up to 0, an increase in the level of circulating immunocomplexes and "average molecules". Cellular immunity in III degree of severity was decreased. The main principles of therapy using extracorporeal immunocorrective methods were worked out. A leukocyte natural migration inhibition test was used for specific diagnosis of intolerance to medication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Dose multifractionation in radiotherapy of lung cancer of different histological types].

A study was made of immediate and short-term results of multifractionated radiotherapy of 120 patients with inoperable lung cancer. On discontinuation of radiotherapy the frequency of complete and pronounced tumor regression was significantly higher in radiosensitive small-cell lung carcinoma whereas during radiation exposure the correlation between a degree of tumor regression and tumor histological structure was absent as a result of an increase in the number of primary local cure in patients with squamous-cell and glandular carcinoma. A study of short-term therapeutic results confirmed the efficacy of the use of multifractionated irradiation in all main histological types of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Effectiveness of super-fractionated irradiation in the radiotherapy of inoperable lung cancer].

The paper is concerned with the results of gamma-beam therapy of 120 patients with inoperable lung cancer using the fractionation of a common daily dose of 2-2.2 Gy into 2 equal fractions as a variant of super-fractionated irradiation used in clinical practice. The direct and short-term therapeutic results were improved: a complete tumor regression rate determined by x-ray was 26.7%, a 2-year survival rate 19.2%. In the group of patients who were irradiated by the commonly used methods, the same values were lower. Improved tolerance of therapy with fractionation of a common daily dose was noted.

Adenocarcinoma↗