Effects of percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy on pulmonary venous flow in severe mitral stenosis.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
V P Sharma
Publications and source records attributed to V P Sharma.
Assignment of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase to chromosome 3 of Anopheles stephensi.
Genetics and linkage analysis of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) have been investigated in Anopheles stephensi. Both these markers were found to be autosomal and linked and have been assigned to linkage group III. Two mutant markers, Black larva (Bl) and golden-yellow larva (gy), were used to establish the map distances, and the current sequence of loci on chromosome 3 is as follows: Bl (3.75)-gy (14.53)-Mdh-2 (49.83)-6-pgd.
Animals↗
Percutaneous mitral valvotomy by Inoue catheter in young patients with mitral stenosis.
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Adult↗
Differential selection of malathion resistance in Anopheles culicifacies A and B (Diptera: Culicidae) in Haryana State, India.
In November 1989, for the first time after the introduction of malathion spray in 1982, increased densities of Anopheles culicifacies Giles s.l. were observed in Chhatera and Barota, two villages in Halalpur block in Sonepat District, Haryana State, India. In bioassay tests against the diagnostic dose of malathion (5% for 1 h), 41-47% of mosquitoes survived. An culicifacies populations in this area comprise two sibling species, A and B. Differential malathion resistance was observed; in species A it was 2-9% and in species B 62-66%. Likewise, species A was found to be more susceptible to DDT than was species B. The possible use of DDT spray to delay the onset of malathion resistance is discussed.
Animals↗
Matrix based approach for identification of Indian anophelines.
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Animals↗
Esbiothrin-impregnated ropes as mosquito repellent.
Esbiothrin [(+/-)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocylopent-2-enyl-(+)-trans- chrysanthemate] is an improved isomeric composition of allethrin series and consists essentially of esters of chrysanthemic acid and allethrolone. Jute rope was impregnated with esbiothrin and the smoke from smouldering ropes was evaluated as mosquito repellent in human dwellings and cattlesheds with open doors and windows at different dosages. Esbiothrin-impregranted (500 ppm) ropes prevented the entry of more than 95% An. culicifacles and other anophelines, 90.9-88.8% Culex quinquefasciatus and 96-95.1% total mosquitoes in open rooms of houses and cattlesheds respectively. The impact of ropes was more pronounced on the biting rate of mosquitoes. Indoors and outdoors human baits seated at a distance of about 3 m from smouldering esbiothrin ropes experienced no bite at all from An. culicifacies. An iron mesh around the rope prevents fire hazards.
Allethrins↗
Sensitivity status of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, amodiaquine, quinine, mefloquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in a tribal population of District Sundargarh, Orissa.
In a malaria-endemic area of Orissa, wherein chloroquine has been in use for over thirty years, 58.3% (14/24) P. falciparum cases did not respond to single dose chloroquine (10 mg base/kg) in in-vivo test. With standard dose (25 mg base/kg) 31.2% cases (10/32) showed resistance, i.e. at RI (15.6%), RII (9.4%) and RIII (6.2%) levels. Standard dose was superior in response to the single dose therapy [p < 0.05; chi 2 (df 1) = 4.11]. Out of eight isolates tested in vitro, two showed resistance to chloroquine, five to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) but all were sensitive to amodiaquine, quinine and mefloquine. Whereas the standard dose of chloroquine would be a better option in general, in resistant cases, SP, quinine and mefloquine offer an alternative drug choice. The implications of drug resistance in a malaria-control programme and the need to revise drug policy in India are discussed.
Amodiaquine↗
Fishes of District Sundargarh, Orissa, with special reference to their potential in mosquito control.
An extensive fish fauna survey was carried out in Sundargarh, a malaria-endemic district in Orissa, during 1988 to 1990 to identify and evaluate the indigenous larvivorous fishes for mosquito control. In all, 57 species belonging to 19 families under 6 orders were found in the local water bodies. On laboratory evaluation against anopheline and culicine larvae, six potential larvivorous fishes, viz. Aplocheilus panchax, Oryzias melastigma, Oreochromis mossambicus, Gambusia affinis, Danio (B.) rerio and Esomus danricus were selected. Feasibility of mass multiplication of these fishes in village ponds for operational use is being studied.
Animals↗
Gambusia affinis: dispersal due to floods and its failure to colonize new water bodies in Shahjahanpur District (U.P.).
In villages of District Shahjahanpur, 122 decentralized Gambusia multiplication ponds were established to cover the need of the entire district. Profuse breeding of Gambusia was observed in these ponds. The fishes are being successfully used in mosquito control all over the district. In July 1990 there was a widespread flood due to which 70 Gambusia multiplication ponds were affected and the fish was washed away in large numbers, leaving only a scanty population in the flood-affected ponds. We utilized this opportunity to study the natural dispersal and colonization of Gambusia in different aquatic habitats. The study revealed that Gambusia was either not found in most habitats or was present in very small numbers, and on its own Gambusia was unable to eliminate the local fauna to become a dominant species. Predatory fishes and birds played a major role in eliminating Gambusia. Gambusia is therefore unlikely to pose any ecological hazard in vector-control programmes.
Animals↗
Biochemical and pathological changes in response to hyperoxia and protection by antioxidants in rats.
A significant decrease in blood haemoglobin, reduced glutathione and protein in lung and liver, without any change in blood reduced glutathione, was observed in rats exposed to 80% oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide induced erythrocyte haemolysis was significantly increased following exposure to hyperoxia. The lungs of rats exposed to hyperoxia showed perivascular edema. Simultaneous treatment with antioxidants, vitamin A, C, or E, protected the animals against oxygen toxicity.
Animals↗
Determination of sulfalene in plasma, red blood cells and whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography.
A normal phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using dichloromethane-methanol-perchloric acid (1 M) (96:9:1, v/v) at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min on a Nucleosil 100-7 column (250 x 8 x 4 mm) and UV detection at 254 nm, has been developed to determine the concentration of sulfalene in plasma, red blood cells and whole blood after oral administration of the antimalarial drug metakelfin. The coefficient of variation was 7.1% and the extraction recovery was 82%. Mean concentrations of sulfalene on days 1, 7 and 15 were: 49.56, 10.46 and 2.24 micrograms/ml in plasma, 25.02, 4.34 and 0.84 micrograms/ml in red blood cells and 21.12, 4.44 and 1.00 micrograms/ml in whole blood, respectively. Quinine, chloroquine, desethylchloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and dapsone did not interfere in the detection of sulfalene.
Administration, Oral↗
Isolation and serological characterization of a Plasmodium vivax recombinant antigen.
A genomic library for Plasmodium vivax was constructed in lambda gt11 and immunologically screened with pooled serum samples from vivax patients. Six seroreactive clones were isolated, and one clone, denoted PV9, was studied further. This clone has an unusual base composition (65% G + C), does not share any homology with P. falciparum, and codes for an entirely new antigenic determinant. Antibodies (immunoglobulin G type) against the PV9-encoded polypeptide were produced in all vivax patients older than 15 years. This seroreactivity was lower among patients younger than 15 years (53%). The antigenic epitope(s) of the PV9-encoded polypeptide was recognized at a similar rate by serum samples from P. vivax patients who were living 350 to 973 km apart. Fifty percent of uninfected Indian adults were also seropositive, whereas all European and American (United States) sera tested were negative, suggesting that anti-PV9 antibodies persist after infection. The seroreactivity pattern of this antigen is similar to that of the immunity developed in malaria after repeated infections.
Adolescent↗
The care of the limb deficient child in India.
The problem of treating limb deficient children in India is compounded by many factors, social, cultural and economic. Few attend early and most therefore manage without prosthetic care.
Artificial Limbs↗
Role of Azolla in controlling mosquito breeding in Ghaziabad district villages (U.P.).
A survey was carried out during post-monsoon period (1988-89) in villages of Dhaulana Primary Health Centre, Distt. Ghaziabad (U.P.) to evaluate the utility of Azolla pinnata for the control of mosquito breeding in different habitats. Results of the survey revealed that pools, ponds, wells, rice fields and drains were infested with Azolla. Infestation rate and intensity of infestation varied from habitat to habitat. Maximum infestation (36.5%) was observed in pools and minimum (3.7%) in rice fields. Anopheline breeding was almost completely suppressed (0-1.6/dip) in pools, wells and ponds completely covered with Azolla. The breeding of Culex spp. was not completely inhibited in any habitat, though reduction in immature density was observed in comparison to control. The role of Azolla in controlling mosquito breeding and its association with the blue green algae which fixes nitrogen is discussed.
Animals↗
Bioenvironmental control of malaria at the Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Rishikesh (U.P.).
Bioenvironmental control of malaria was achieved at the Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (IDPL) complex, Rishikesh, Dehra Dun distt., Uttar Pradesh, India. The IDPL complex is in 15 sq km area with about 25,000 population. One major mosquito-breeding site of about one sq km was eliminated by diverting the factory effluents into a drain. Filling borrow pits, ditches and low-lying areas with burnt coke ash, cleaning blocked drains, mosquito-proofing the overhead water tanks, application of larvivorous fishes and improved case detection and treatment were the additional malaria-control measures. Impact assessment of the interventions revealed that there was 25% reduction in malaria incidence as well as 90% reduction in the use of antimalarials, and a considerable reduction in nuisance mosquito species and malaria vector densities.
Animals↗
Genetics of isocitrate dehydrogenase in Anopheles stephensi.
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Animals↗
Relapse/reinfection patterns of Plasmodium vivax infection: a four year study.
In an endemic area relapse and reinfection in Plasmodium vivax cases poses serious problems for the malaria control program. We have studied the relapse/reinfection patterns of P. vivax infection in 26 villages of District Shahjahanpur, a malaria endemic area of UP, India for a period of four years (May, 1986 to October, 1988). All the P. vivax cases were given a complete course of radical treatment and were followed-up for relapse/reinfection. There were 8,914, 2,484, 1,439 and 883 P. vivax cases in 1986, 1987 and 1989 respectively, our of which 2,066, 141, 58 and 18 cases in the respective years showed relapse/reinfection. The maximum number of relapse/reinfection was recorded from a 47 year old male patient, who suffered from P. vivax infection eight times. The percentage occurrence of relapse/reinfection was much higher (70.2%) in males compared with females (29.8%). Relapses were more common among 16-30 years old patients. In conclusion it was felt that in 1986 relapse/reinfection in vivax cases was higher due to improper treatment of these cases. This situation may have occurred due to lack of awareness among the public, poor surveillance by the National Malaria Program or higher density of the vector mosquitos in the area.
Adolescent↗
Acute toxicity of certain organochlorine, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroid and microbial insecticides to the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard).
Acute toxicity of certain organochlorine, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroid and microbial insecticides to the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis were determined to collect baseline data for selecting the resistant strains of the fish. The synthetic pyrethroid, Lambdacyhalothrin was most toxic to the fish (LC50 = 0.0022 ppm), followed by deltamethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate. Organochlorine insecticides, DDT and gamma-HCH, were less toxic than the pyrethroids, and these were followed by organophosphorus insecticides, malathion, fenthion, monocrotophos and temephos. The last two insecticides were least toxic among the different chemical insecticides (LC50 greater than 80 ppm ai). The microbial insecticide ABG-6262 (Vectolex 2.5 AS), a Bacillus sphaericus preparation, was totally harmless to the fish at 2500 microliters/l up to one week.
Animals↗