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Biomedical subjects

V P Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to V P Sharma.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Cerebral malaria in Jabalpur, India.

A total of 1783 patients were admitted in Govt. Medical College Hospital, Jabalpur with fever in 1993. Out of these 152 (8.5%) patients had cerebral malaria, of which 39 (25.6%) patients died. Age and sex-wise break-up indicated that males suffered more (p < 0.01) from malaria and majority of patients belonged to 16-40 yrs age-group. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with hyperparasitaemia, hypoglycaemia and delayed diagnosis and treatment. Comatose condition was the main determinant of death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of two flowable formulations of Bacillus sphaericus against larvae of mosquitoes.

Laboratory evaluation revealed that the Spherimos and Vectolex formulations of Bacillus sphaericus produced 97 and 100% larval mortality respectively in Culex quinquefasciatus at a dose as low as 0.008 ml/sq m as against 93 and 97% mortality respectively at 1 ml/sq m in Anopheles stephensi. However, in An. culicifacies similar level of mortality was not observed even at 10 ml/sq m of these formulations. Field evaluation revealed 100% reduction of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae for 2-3 weeks in pools and wells with single application of Spherimos @ 2 ml/sq m as against 95.4% reduction @ 10 ml/sq m in irrigation channel for one week. Vectolex @ 10 ml/sq m provided 99-100% reduction of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae up to 9 weeks in wells and 1 week in channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Control of Anopheles stephensi breeding in construction sites and abandoned overhead tanks with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis.

Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14), strain 164 (Bactoculicide) when applied at 1 g/m2 surface area successfully controlled Anopheles stephensi breeding in construction sites, abandoned overhead tanks, and curing waters. Subsequent to application, no pupal production was observed in these habitats for 3, 18, and 21 days, respectively. Based on these findings, inclusion of Bactoculicide in the bioenvironmental vector control strategy is suggested and fortnightly spraying in construction sites at 1 g/m2 surface area is recommended for the containment of vector breeding. However, frequent retreatment of abandoned overhead tanks would be uneconomical and operationally impractical.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Deltamethrin impregnated bednets against Anopheles minimus transmitted malaria in Assam, India.

Of the 20 Anopheles species caught in villages in Sonapur, Assam, only An. minimus was incriminated as a malaria vector by finding sporozoites in the salivary glands. It was found to be endophagic and endophilic in Assam and because its biting peaked after midnight it was a suitable target for insecticide impregnated bednets. After the withdrawal of DDT spraying and collecting a year's baseline data, deltamethrin impregnated nets were distributed in 3 villages, untreated nets were distributed in 6 villages and 3 were held as untreated controls. The population of each of these groups of villages was about 1700. The nets were well received by the local tribal population. Human landing catches with baits unprotected or under partially lifted nets showed that the nets provided a high degree of personal protection against all the local species of human biting mosquito. In addition, there was evidence for suppression of the An. minimus population in a village with treated nets. Malaria was monitored by weekly active surveillance in all the villages. In the untreated control villages the slide positivity rate and monthly parasite index rose significantly during the trial. In the villages with untreated nets, these parameters showed no significant change, but in the villages with treated nets they declined significantly. On the basis of these results, the widespread distribution of impregnated nets was recommended to the state health authorities.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Field studies on the mosquito repellent action of neem oil.

Repellent action of neem oil was evaluated against different mosquito species. 2% neem oil mixed in coconut oil provided 96-100% protection from anophelines, 85% from Aedes, 37.5% from Armigeres whereas it showed wide range of efficacy from 61-94% against Culex spp. Therefore, neem oil can be applied as a personal protection measure against mosquito bites.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of malaria among pregnant and non-pregnant women of district Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.

In the study period of two years 145 pregnant and 79 non-pregnant women with malarial infection were recorded. Plasmodium falciparum was the most prevalent species accounting for 72% of the total malaria infection in pregnant women while, in non-pregnant women it accounted for 58%. Results were analysed according to the species to which the parasite belonged, period of gestation and parity. While cerebral malaria, abortions, intrauterine foetal death, maternal anaemia were common in pregnant patients, only one neonatal death was recorded. Malaria parasites were not found in infants born to mothers with very heavy parasitaemia at the time of delivery. Even though pregnant women of all age groups and parity remain highly susceptible to malaria throughout pregnancy and puerperium from this area, some striking differences like malaria infection more prevalent in primigravidas than multigravidas and in second trimester than in third trimester were noticed in comparison to northern India. Results emphasize the need to target malaria control for this group of women. Failure to clear parasitaemia after chloroquine administration in P. falciparum was common in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. This is an area, where there is a great need to introduce effective malaria interventions. As chloroquine resistant parasites spread a better understanding of the problem is needed leading to a few chemotherapeutic options for pregnant women.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Epidemiological observations on malaria in villages of Buhari PHC, Surat, Gujarat.

Investigations were carried out in the villages of Buhari PHC, Surat district, Gujarat to determine factors responsible for high prevalence of P. falciparum. The area is well-known for sugarcane cultivation, industrialization and frequent movement of labourers. The slide positivity rate (44.24%) and P. falciparum infections (95.37%) were significantly high. The children of 5-9 yrs of age group suffered maximum from malaria. The infection in children was found associated with splenomegaly also. High falciparum infection (82.35%) was found in labourers camping near villages out of which 90% afebrile cases were reported which were silent carriers and source of transmission. Chloroquine was effective in 75% cases despite of existence of resistant falciparum strain. Among seven anopheline species encountered, An. culicifacies was predominant and found breeding in most of the breeding sites. The status of the insecticide spray and its receptivity among the community were poor. The investigation led to the conclusion that adequate measures are required to deal with migratory labourers, improper insecticide coverage, poor surveillance and mass ignorance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Bionomics of vector anophelines in District Naini Tal, Uttar Pradesh.

Breeding behaviour and seasonal prevalence of vector anopheline in different habitats associated with rice land agroecosystem of terai and bhabar area of District Naini Tal was studied from July 1992 to June 1994. Adult prevalence in both the areas shows two distinct An. fluviatilis peaks in the months of March and October and the breeding places for the species were pokhars in bhabar and stream and irrigation drains in terai. Prevalence of adult An. culicifacies was observed during July to August in bhabar and April and August in terai. In bhabar high immature density of An. culicifacies was noted mainly in tanks, pokhars and paddy fields (early transplantation period). In terai high immature density of An. culicifacies was noted in stream, while low in paddy fields. Higher prevalence of immatures and adult anopheline vectors coincide with peak malaria incidence in both the areas. In bhabar in the months of August and September large number of malaria cases were contributed by An. culicifacies and in November by An. fluviatilis. In terai, malaria cases in April and from June to September were contributed by An. culicifacies, whereas An. fluviatilis might be responsible for transmission in October.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Application of simple peptide ELISA for stratification of malaria endemicity.

A serological investigation was conducted in north India to determine malaria endemicity based on the antibody levels against a nonapeptide RI (EENVEHDA-Cys) from the P. falciparum antigen Pf 155/RESA. P. falciparum sonicated crude antigen was also used in the study. Subjects of all age groups from various strata of malaria endemicity were included in this study. A total of 4273 finger prick blood samples from 49 villages of five districts were collected during January to March 1991 which is a non-transmission season and the antibody levels were estimated by ELISA. Although a good correlation was found between the antibody titre to the RI peptide and that to the crude antigen, the most consistent results were obtained with the RI peptide. When compared with the annual parasite index (API) values, an established method for defining malaria endemicity, mean anti-RI antibody titres obtained from several villages within a single zone correlated (r = 0.94, p = 0.023) with mean API value of the area. Thus, our results suggest that by using the RI peptide as antigen in seroepidemiology, it is possible to stratify malaria endemicity. We didn't distinguish between endemicity of Pv and Pf since each area experiences cycle of transmission of P. vivax followed by P. falciparum and our sera were from individuals having no fever.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Use of neem oil as a mosquito repellent in tribal villages of mandla district, madhya pradesh.

A field study was carried out to evaluate the mosquito repellent action of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil in tribal forested villages of District Mandla. Various concentrations of neem oil mixed in coconut oil (1-4%) were applied to the exposed body parts of human volunteers. Results revealed 81-91% protection during 12 h period of observation from the bites of anopheline mosquitoes. Neem oil is an indigenous product and a practical solution to curtail mosquito nuisance.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Malaria and AIDS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

The use of peptide ELISA in determining malaria endemicity.

A study was undertaken with the objective to find out whether a reliable transmission index could be established by a simple peptide ELISA. This would be important to evaluate the success of the bioenvironmental malaria control programmes implemented in endemic areas like the Haldwani and Shankargarh districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. We have estimated antimalarial antibodies against three synthetic peptides derived from blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum and against P. falciparum crude antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in children and adults. We have found that while all the peptides react with serum antibodies, as does the whole crude blood stage antigen, a nonapeptide from RESA antigen gave the most uniform results. Our results suggest that synthetic peptides, which are easy to obtain and can be fully characterized, may offer a simple way to measure malaria endemicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A study of the relationship of rice cultivation and annual parasite incidence of malaria in India.

Twenty one year data (1963-1983) of 25 states/UTs of India on area under rice cultivation and annual parasite incidence was analysed using correlation and regression analysis to evaluate the relationship of irrigated area under rice cultivation and the statewise annual parasite incidence of malaria. In 23 states either the correlation is negative or non-significant whereas in Punjab and Nagaland significant positive correlation is observed. Study showed that in India at the macro level (i.e. data pooled at the state level both for rice cultivation and (API) rice cultivation by and large had poor relationship to API.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1994

Sulphadoxine concentrations in plasma, red blood cells and whole blood in healthy and Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases after treatment with Fansidar using high-performance liquid chromatography.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using acetonitrile-methanol-(1M) perchloric acid-water (30:9:0.8:95, v/v/v/v) at a flow of 1.5 ml min-1 on mu-Bondapak C18 column with UV (254 nm) detection has been developed for the separation of sulphadoxine, sulphalene and sulphamethoxazole from other antimalarials. Calibration curves were linear in the range 0.5-100 micrograms ml-1. The limit of quantitation was 50 ng ml-1. Within-day and day-to-day coefficients of variation averaged 2.1 and 6.45%, respectively. The extraction recovery of sulphadoxine from plasma, red blood cells and whole blood was 90.28, 92.05 and 94.69%, respectively. The method has been used for the determination of sulphadoxine concentrations in plasma, red blood cells and whole blood of eight healthy and 50 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases after administration of two tablets of Fansidar. Mean sulphadoxine concentration in plasma was higher than red blood cells or whole blood. Sulphadoxine concentration in plasma and whole blood of P. falciparum malaria cases was significantly higher as compared to healthy volunteers while it was the same in red blood cells. Sulphadoxine was absorbed much less in red blood cells than in plasma or whole blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Personal protection from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) by burning neem oil in kerosene.

The repellent action of neem oil (extracted from the seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss) was evaluated on mosquitoes at two villages near Delhi, India. Kerosene lamps containing neem oil were burned in the living rooms, and mosquitoes resting walls or attracted to human bait were collected inside rooms from 1800 to 0600 h. Neem oil (0.01-1%) mixed in kerosene reduced biting of human volunteers and catches of mosquitoes resting on walls in the rooms. Protection was more pronounced against Anopheles than against Culex. A 1% neem oil-kerosene mixture may provide economical personal protection from mosquito bites.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Lactate dehydrogenase allozyme differentiation of species in the Anopheles culicifacies complex.

Genetically controlled enzyme variation exists within and between four sibling species of the Anopheles culicifacies complex of malaria vectors in India. A study on electrophoretic variation of nine enzymes in An. culicifacies sibling species revealed that the lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) locus has Fast (F) and Slow (S) allozymes distinguishing species A+D from species B+C with a probability of c. 95%.

Animals↗