Cloning and characterization of type 4 fimbrial gene (ptfA) of Pasteurella multocida serogroup B:2 (strain P52).
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
V P Singh
Publications and source records attributed to V P Singh.
Phosphorus availability to rice (Oriza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum estivum L.) in a Vertisol after eight years of inorganic and organic fertilizer additions.
Integrated use of inorganic fertilizer N and well decomposed cattle manure (CM) or 30-35 days old Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), a weed grown off site as green manure (GM) under repeated applications of fertilizer P and urea N for eight years in a rice (Oriza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum estivum L.) sequence was studied on transformation of fertilizer P applied to soil at the National Research Center for Weed Science, Jabalpur, India. Based on the results, it appeared that, repeated applications of 52 kg super-phosphate P resulted in a marked increase in Olsen P linearly with time. Conjunctive use of urea fertilizer N with organic manure resulted in a larger increase in Olsen P in the Vertisol. Studies further revealed that the greater accumulation of fertilizer P applied in excess to crop removal occurred in inorganic P in the plots receiving only fertilizer N. However, plots receiving fertilizer N along with organic manures led to P accumulation predominantly in organic forms. The study suggests that these two pools of P acted as a sink when fertilizer P was applied in excess to crop removal and are bio-chemically active. The Olsen P status after 8 cycles of rice-wheat crops revealed that the average amount of fertilizer P required after adjusting for crop uptake to increase Olsen P by 1 mg kg(-1) soil was 7.2 kg Pha(-1) in the plots receiving only fertilizer N. Whereas, application of 5t FYM or 6t GM reduced it to 4.6 kg Pha(-1). The plots receiving manure always maintained a greater concentration of Olsen P. The application of CM or GM with fertilizer N enriched short-term inorganic P as well as long-term organic P fertility. After eight years, larger concentrations of organic P in the subsurface layer (16-30 cm), compared to initial values, indicates downward movement of P in organic forms.
Agriculture↗
Distribution patterns of natural radioactivity and delineation of anomalous radioactive zones using in situ radiation observations in Southern Tamil Nadu, India.
In situ radiation measurements in the beach sectors and adjacent hinterlands and along rivers in the interiors of southern peninsular India were carried out using a portable radiation survey meter. A very high intrinsic anomalous radioactivity >26microGy/h has been observed in the hinterlands within a fresh quarry and weathered boulders in the syenite rock body around Puttetti in the western Kanyakumari district of southern Tamil Nadu. Over the weathered hillocks in the hinterlands adjacent to the coast around Inayam, Kurumpanai and Midalam, the in situ radiation measurements have also exhibited high radioactivity ranging from 4 to 22microGy/h which is significantly higher than the radiation exposure rates (RER) observed along the beach sectors at various locations from Chavara to Tuticorin (1-14microGy/h). The observed radiation levels are presumably the highest concentration in southern India and it is the first time that such a high intrinsic radiogenic source in the hinterlands is reported in southwest coast of India. It is also observed based on the laboratory analysis of samples and in situ radiation data that the rivers/channels in this region contain insignificant level of radioactivity concentration and hence they do not contribute much to the placer deposits on the beaches. The placer deposits associated with significant RER (both in situ observations as well as laboratory estimates from samples) in the beach sectors from Kadiapattanam to Inayam are inferred to be derived through the country rocks/weathered hillocks in the immediate hinterlands.
Geography↗
Effect of farmyard manure application on boron adsorption-desorption characteristics of some soils.
Boron (B) availability to crop plants depends on soil properties as well as management practices like liming, fertilization and use of organic manures. To assess the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) application on availability of added B, adsorption-desorption of B was investigated in five different soils receiving varying doses of FYM (0, 5 and 10 g FYM kg(-1) soil). Two surfaces Freundlich model was found best to account for B adsorption-desorption data of all soils. Application of FYM increased B adsorption capacities pertaining to low (K1) and high (K2) concentration ranges in all soils, except Soil C (Alfisol) having a pH of 9.8, in which the higher rate of FYM decreased the value of K2. Application of FYM did not change B desorption capacities of soils corresponding to low B concentration range (K(1)(1)) significantly, however, it increased B desorption capacity pertaining to high B concentration (K(1)(2)) in all soils, except Soils C (Alfisol) and E (Entisol) having pH of 9.8 and 5.1, respectively. Application of FYM increased the desorption slope factor applicable to low concentration range (1/n(1)(1)) in Soil A (Inceptisol), but decreased it in Soil E (Entisol). The 1/n(1)(2) (desorption slope factor applicable to high concentration range) decreased with FYM application in all soils except Soil E (Entisol), where it was increased. Boron desorption index (slope(ads)/slope(des)) decreased with FYM application in low B concentration range, but increased in high concentration range for all soils except soil E (Entisol, pH 5.1), in which a reverse trend was observed. Application of FYM increased the retention of added B in soils and may help reducing the leaching losses.
Adsorption↗
Diarrhea, CD4 counts and enteric infections in a hospital - based cohort of HIV-infected patients around Varanasi, India.
BACKGROUND: As most of the studies in HIV patients with diarrhea were cross sectional, focusing on the etiological agents, we are reporting data on the rate of diarrhea, associations between diarrhea and CD4 counts and variation in frequency of identifying a pathogen with consistency of diarrhea and duration in a prospective hospital based study. METHODS: Stool specimens were obtained between Jan 2001 and April 2003 from HIV infected adults with diarrhea presenting to Infectious Disease clinic, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. In all patients with diarrhea, specimens were examined by microscopy and cultures to identify pathogens. RESULTS: During the study, 630 person years of observations with diarrhea were analyzed. 140 stool samples were collected representing 43% of episodes of reported diarrhea. Positivity of finding a pathogen from watery stools and formed stools were 40%&24% respectively (p < 0.01) probably due to associated inflammation is more in watery diarrhea. Patients having chronic diarrhea are 2.25 (95%CI 1.52-2.81) times at more risk of developing other opportunistic infections compared to those who don't have. However this is not true with the acute diarrhea where risk of harboring the opportunistic infections remain same. CONCLUSION: Diarrhea was most strongly associated with low CD4 counts. Over two-thirds of diarrheal episodes were undiagnosed, suggesting that unidentified agents or primary HIV enteropathy are important causes of diarrhea in this population. There is a strong negative association between duration of diarrhea and CD4 levels.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Sildenafil induces hyperalgesia via activation of the NO-cGMP pathway in the rat neuropathic pain model.
Persistent stimulation of nociceptors and C-fibers by tissue injury causes hyperalgesia and allodynia by sensitization of nociceptors and facilitation of synaptic transmission in the spinal cord. The important participant in the inflammatory response of injured peripheral nerve may be nitric oxide (NO). The aim of the present study was to test the sensitivity of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model a rat model of neuropathic pain. Sciatic nerve injury is associated with development of hyperalgesia 14 days after the nerve ligation. Sildenafil (100 and 200 microg/rat, i.t.) produced a significant decrease in pain threshold, which in lower dose did not alter the nociceptive threshold. The hyperalgesic effect of sildenafil was blocked by L-NAME and methylene blue (MB), which on per se treatment showed antinociceptive effect in nerve ligated rats. The results from the present study indicated that the major activation of NO-cGMP pathway in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. The aggravation of hyperalgesic response might be due to the increased cGMP levels resulting in PKG-I activation and its upregulation.
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
REP-PCR analysis of Pasteurella multocida isolates from wild and domestic animals in India.
Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) was used to characterize 67 field isolates of Pasteurella multocida originating from different animal species and geographical regions of India. REP-PCR was found to be rapid and reproducible (three repeats were done). These isolates yielded different 23 profiles which were clustered into eight groups. The discrimination index was moderate (D value 0.83). Somatic and antigenic typing of the isolates did not reveal any correlation with REP-PCR profiles. There was no host-specific, type-specific, region-specific or pathenogenicity-specific pattern. The REP profiles of isolates obtained from wild animals were similar to those obtained from domestic animals. Two common bands were present in all the isolates irrespective of somatic or antigenic types. The results were not comparable with earlier findings, which had shown high discrimination index and correlation with disease presentation.
Animal Diseases↗
Neuropathological spectrum of lesions associated with intractable epilepsies: a 10-year experience with a series of 153 resections.
BACKGROUND: Surgical management of intractable epilepsies is currently an established mode of therapy in various clinical settings. AIMS: To retrospectively evaluate the neuropathological findings in both temporal and extratemporal lobe resections in such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included resected specimens from patients with intractable epilepsy managed at a tertiary care hospital of India, during a 10-year period (1995-2004). RESULTS: A total of 153 patients, with mean age of 19.4 years and male predominance (73.2%) were included in the study. Overall, there was a predilection for the temporal lobe (73.2%), while 41cases were extratemporal in location. On histopathology, mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) (24.8%) was the commonest lesion, followed by tumors (19.6%) and isolated focal cortical dysplasia (FCD - 15.11%). Other less common findings included Rasmussen encephalitis, non-specific gliosis and vascular malformations. In addition, 20.9% (32 cases) had dual lesions, majority of which included FCD with ganglioglioma (15 cases) or with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (12 cases). In the temporal lobe, neoplasms and dual lesions formed the majority (apart from MTS), unlike dual lesions followed by neoplasms and FCD, in the extratemporal location. CONCLUSION: This series demonstrates that most patients with chronic intractable epilepsy have significant histopathological findings and highlights the neuropathological spectrum of such lesions, in the Indian context. This was similar to that reported from the West, but different from the single Indian series available in the literature. Further, the overall profile of temporal lobe lesions was not different from the extratemporal ones.
Adolescent↗
Appendico-umbilical fistula.
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Abdominal Pain↗
Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)--the Bihar (India) perspective.
From a hospital-based surveillance carried out in Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, the socio-economic, demographic and treatment response information of 737 patients admitted with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) during January 2001-December 2003, were analysed. The disease was two times higher in males than in females because of several factors including clothing pattern, sleeping habits and occupation. In Bihar, the second poorest state in India, poverty plays a major role in perpetuation of the disease, contributing to malnutrition, illiteracy (60%), and poor housing (82%). Further, presences of peri-domestic animal shelters around houses (63%) and vegetations (77%) facilitate breeding of sand fly vector. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar in the age groups <12 years and >12 years. The increasing unresponsiveness of VL patients to conventional anti-leishmanial drugs, e.g. sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) and pentamidine, has definitely posed a major therapeutic challenge in combating the disease. Amphotericin B, though costly, is highly effective. Miltefosine is a highly promising new oral drug for VL.
Adolescent↗
Meningioangiomatosis with meningioma: an uncommon association of a rare entity--report of a case and review of the literature.
INTRODUCTION: Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare lesion, probably of malformative origin, consisting of meningovascular proliferation and leptomeningeal calcification. Patients with MA usually present with seizures or persistent headaches. Neurofibromatosis may be associated in a variable proportion of patients, while in others it may be sporadic. Surgical treatment is usually recommended, and is gratifying in most cases. Rarely, MA has been described coexisting with meningiomas, arteriovenous malformations, encephaloceles, oligodendrogliomas, meningeal haemangiopericytomas and orbital erosion. Among these, meningiomatosis with meningioma is the most frequent combination. CASE REPORT: We report a case of MA with meningioma in an 18-month-old girl, who presented with recurrent seizures. DISCUSSION: In these situations, it is extremely important for the pathologist to be aware of this entity and to distinguish it from other lesions, like cortical invasion by a meningioma, intraparenchymal meningioma and intracerebral schwannoma, which it may mimic.
Angiomatosis↗
Ribotyping of Indian isolates of Pasteurella multocida based on 16S and 23S rRNA genes.
The applicability of ribotyping based on 16S and 23S rRNA was evaluated for molecular epidemiological studies. Forty-eight isolates of Pasteurella multocida isolated from different hosts and geographical locations and one reference isolate were ribotyped. Only four ribotypes were found. All the isolates including reference isolate from wild carnivores had the same ribotype, though they had different serotypes. The isolate from a tiger had one band in addition to the bands present in the major ribotype. The isolates from lions represented two ribotypes; of these ribotypes, one (r2) had an additional band of 3.6 kbp, which was absent in all other ribotypes. The second ribotype (r4) from a lion had one band missing (6 kbp) that was present in the other ribotypes. These isolates were further typed using ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR. With ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR, higher D values of 0.83 and 0.89 were obtained. The current study revealed that ribotyping is not a very efficient typing tool for use in molecular epidemiology for differentiation of isolates.
Genes, Bacterial↗
Validity of existing CD4+ classification in north Indians, in predicting immune status.
BACKGROUND: The CD4 lymphocyte count had ethnic variability as observed in many studies. In populations with CD4 counts inherently lower than in the West, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification system of HIV-infected individuals may not be appropriate. As there is no such criterion currently available for ethnic north Indians HIV-patients, we undertook this study to assess the applicability of the western case definition in north Indian HIV patients. METHODS: The CD4 counts of 40 normal and 376 HIV-infected north Indian adults attending to ID clinic, SS hospital, Varanasi were estimated by flowcytometry. The mean CD4 counts were estimated and compared between CDC groups A, B and C and controls. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the cut-off that correlated best with clinical staging for this population. RESULTS: For CDC groups A, B and C, the mean CD4 counts/mul (upper limits of the 95% CI) were 380.3, 249.2 and 120.9, while the mean CD4 levels in healthy volunteers was 818.4. CONCLUSION: The mean CD4 count among normal north Indians is significantly lower than that in the western population and parallels that of the Chinese. When categorized based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification system, the mean CD4 counts in HIV-infected individuals was lower. Categories of CD4 counts >280, 120-280 and < or =120 cells/microl correlate better with disease progression among HIV-infected individuals. A longitudinal study is required before guidelines for the India population can be devised.
Adult↗
Memory and intelligence outcome following surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: relationship to seizure outcome and evaluation using a customized neuropsychological battery.
The main objectives of this prospective study were to (1) assess memory and intelligence outcome following surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, (2) correlate this with seizure outcome and side of surgery, and (3) perform (1) and (2) using an indigenously developed battery customized to the Indian population. Prior to use in our epilepsy surgery program, the test-retest and interexaminer variance reliability of this battery had been established in both normal and cognitively compromised populations. The memory scores were overall rather than material-specific. The battery was administered to right-handed adults undergoing surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy without any evidence of opposite temporal lobe abnormality, both presurgery and postsurgery at a mean follow-up of 8 months. Twenty-five consecutive patients were included; 13 underwent right and 12 underwent left temporal surgery. Seizure outcome was assessed using Engel's classification. Among 13 patients who underwent right temporal surgery, although 4 patients with poor seizure outcome had insignificant changes in scores, 7 of 9 patients with good seizure outcome exhibited considerable (> 20% over preoperative) improvement in their memory and intelligence scores. Statistical analysis using Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test revealed that the patients who underwent right temporal surgery with good seizure outcome had significant improvement in both memory (P = 0.007) and intelligence (P = 0.043) scores compared with those with poor seizure outcome. In contrast, patients who underwent left temporal surgery had no significant change in cognitive scores irrespective of seizure outcome. Cognitive improvement seems to occur in patients with good seizure outcome following nondominant temporal lobe surgery for intractable epilepsy with no evidence of pathology in the opposite temporal lobe. The same finding was not observed in patients undergoing left temporal surgery.
Adolescent↗
Unidirectional whole body turning: a new lateralising sign in complex partial seizures.
BACKGROUND: The lateralising significance of unidirectional whole body turning in patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) arising from the temporal lobe was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 330 patients undergoing long term video-EEG study were included. "Unidirectional whole body turning" was defined as rotation of the trunk, head, and limbs by >90 degrees and lasting >10 s. EEG correlates, MRI, and SPECT findings were compared and outcome after surgery was noted for patients with follow up data for >1 year. RESULTS: Unidirectional whole body turning was observed in 13 patients with a mean age of 18+/-8 years. Concordance of the side of whole body turning with the EEG focus and MRI findings was observed in 11 of the 13 patients (84.7%) and in 26 of 28 seizures (92.8%). The six patients who underwent temporal lobectomy or resection of lesion, opposite to the direction of body turning, had good seizure outcome. CONCLUSION: Unidirectional whole body turning is a new lateralising sign in temporal lobe CPS with good predictive value for epileptogenic focus contralateral to the direction of turning.
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of the status of tuberculosis as part of the clinical case definition of AIDS in India.
AIM: To assess HIV associated tuberculosis in a high tuberculosis prevalence setting and its status in the clinical case definition of AIDS. METHODS: All HIV patients attending the infectious disease clinic, Varanasi, India between January 2001 and December 2003 were included in the study. They were stratified into three distinct immunological categories depending on their CD4 levels in accordance to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) classification. Tuberculosis of different organs was defined as detailed below. RESULTS: Tuberculosis was the commonest opportunistic disease, seen in 163 patients. Of these, 68 had exclusively pulmonary tuberculosis, 55 extrapulmonary disease, and 40 the disseminated form. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis had low positive predictive value (PPV) (51% and 42%) for CD4 levels of <200 when compared with the disseminated form (specificity 87% and PPV 75%). Among 86 patients with radiological evidence of tuberculosis, typical radiological features of post-primary tuberculosis were present in 60 cases (70%). Other features such as effusion (14 patients, 16%) and miliary shadows (12 patients, 14%) were comparatively rare. CONCLUSION: Keeping pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis in AIDS defining illness should be reconsidered. In a similar way tuberculosis in HIV patients from areas endemic with tuberculosis occurs in patients with a wide range of immune status and has a better prognosis than other AIDS defining illnesses. Therefore the inclusion of tuberculosis in clinical case definition of AIDS is not justified.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
TNFR2 gene polymorphism in coronary artery disease.
BACKGROUND: Recently atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are considered to be inflammatory diseases. The genetic polymorphism in inflammatory markers has been well studied and found to be associated with development of CAD. AIM: To study the association of biallelic polymorphism at position 196 in exon 6 of tumor necrosis factor 2 (TNFR2) gene and coronary artery disease. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study design was a prospective case control study conducted at a tertiary referral center mainly catering to the north Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty angiographically proven patients with coronary artery disease and one hundred and fifty age matched controls were genotyped for TNFR2 gene by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Genotype frequencies were compared in patients and controls by Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between genotypes and disease, incorporating other variables into the model. RESULTS: The incidence of CAD in those with MM genotype was 65% and in those with RM genotype was 42%. Genotype frequency shows significant association of MM genotype with development of CAD (P < 0.001; odds ratio-2.585; 95% confidence interval 1.533-4.359). The association of TNFR2 genotype with CAD persisted on logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: MM genotype of TNFR2 gene is associated with development of CAD and RM genotype appears to be protective.
Adolescent↗
Medical philately (medical personalities on stamps)--George Nicholas Papanicolaou.
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Cyprus↗