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Biomedical subjects

V Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to V Pedersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Zuclopenthixol decanoate and haloperidol decanoate in chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind multicentre study.

Zuclopenthixol decanoate (ZPT-D) and haloperidol decanoate (HAL-D) were compared in the maintenance treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. All patients were treated with either ZPT-D or HAL-D for at least 3 months and were then randomly allocated to treatment with either ZPT-D (100-600 mg every 4 weeks) or HAL-D (38-200 mg every 4 weeks) for 9 months. Sixty-four patients entered the study. Three patients were only assessed at baseline. Four patients in the HAL-D group were withdrawn because of deterioration. One patient in the ZPT-D group committed suicide. Fifty-six patients completed the trial. The assessment programme comprised Clinical Global Impressions by psychiatrists and nurses, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), UKU Side Effect Scale and Simpson-Angus Scale, Ratings were made at baseline and after 12, 24 and 36 weeks of treatment. The severity of illness scores remained almost constant. The only between-group difference was recorded at month 6 in favour of ZPT-D. The BPRS total scores were reduced significantly in both groups with no between-group differences. The depression scores on the MADRS were very low. Both treatments caused few and mild side effects according to the UKU Side Effect Scale and the Simpson-Angus scale, and there were no significant differences between the groups. Both ZPT-D and HAL-D seem to be effective in the maintenance treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients and cause few side effects. The injections of ZPT-D and HAL-D can be given at 4-week intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology of spinal cord lesions in Denmark.

Denmark has a population of about 5.2 million. The rehabilitation of spinal cord injured (SCI) takes place in two specialised rehabilitation hospitals. The incidence of new traumatic SCI admitted to these hospitals in the period 1975-1984 was 9.2 per million per year. During this period 92 Danes with non-traumatic and 268 with newly sustained traumatic spinal cord lesions were admitted to the rehabilitation hospital in Hornboek, which uptake area corresponded to South and East Denmark and Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Among the traumatic SCI 47% were due to traffic accidents, 23% to falls to a level below, 8% to attempted suicides, 6% to shallow water diving, and 6% to sporting accidents. The number of SCI caused by traffic accidents was found to decrease coincidently with the introduction of general speed limits and compulsory seat belt wearing. The male/female ratio was for the traumatic SCI 3.3, which was significantly lower than in the preceding 10-year period. 40% of all traumatic SCI were sustained at 15-24 years of age, and 51% had tetraplegia. Traffic accidents gave rise to more cervical, and falls to more caudal lesions. 41% of the traumatic SCI had an improvement in their neurological status after their admission to the neurosurgical department until the discharge from the rehabilitation hospital. Those with incomplete lesions showed greater improvement than those with complete lesions regardless of the level. Complete cervical lesions had significant better remissions than complete thoracic/lumbar lesions.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Traumatic spinal cord injuries in Greenland 1965-1986.

During the period 1 January 1965 to 31 December 1986, 27 patients were admitted to the Rehabilitation Hospital in Hornbaek after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) sustained in Greenland. The commonest cause of injury was attempted suicide (7 patients), of which 6 were jumps from buildings. Six resulted from accidental falls to a level below and even 2 out of the 3 cases of SCI following violence were due to falls. There was only one traffic injury, a motor cycle accident. Fourteen patients were under the influence of alcohol at time of injury. Nine were tetraplegic (3 complete, 6 incomplete), and 18 paraplegic (10 complete, 8 incomplete). Ten regained useful neurological remission. Of the 23 native Greenlanders only 4 paraplegics and 1 tetraplegic remained in their previous residences, 5 resettled in Denmark. At the time of follow-up 17 patients were living alone and only 7 were in work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Absorption of 5-aminosalicylic acid from colon and rectum.

In order to clarify the characteristics of absorption of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) from the colon, a neutral solution was instilled into the right part of the colon and the rectum, respectively, in six volunteers. A laxative (bisacodyl) and liquid meals were given prior to each instillation. No significant difference could be demonstrated between the two parts of the large bowel, but the absorption was considerably restricted compared with previous results obtained from the jejunum. The results confirm in a direct manner earlier observations on 5-ASA released from sulphasalazine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Theileriosis in Uganda. Parasitological and serological responses in cattle continually exposed to natural infection.

Cattle living in a circumscribed area in Uganda, where both Theileria parva and T. mutans occurred naturally, were monitored for periods of up to 1 year by examination of blood and lymph node smears for parasites and the indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibodies to Theileria. Uninfected control cattle were added at intervals to ensure continuous challenge and to monitor the challenge. Although all 29 control animals became infected with T. parva, challenge was light at first as mortality from theileriosis only commenced in the 18 introduced after day 138 of the study; 14 of these died of the disease. Most of the 34 animals in the original group appeared to be susceptible to T. parva at the start of the study and 6 died of theileriosis. All animals were, or became, infected with T. mutans. Several animals exhibited patent T. parva infections on more than 1 occasion and 1 died from the second infection indicating the existence of immunologically different strains. Recovered animals appeared to acquire eventually a solid immunity to the local Theileria strains but 9 of the original animals and 7 of the controls died exhibiting massive tick and helminth burdens, sometimes aggravated by the effects of previous T. parva and/or T. mutans infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Flupenthixol decanoate in recurrent manic-depressive illness. A comparison with lithium.

The hypothesis that flupenthixol decanoate may serve as an alternative to prophylactically administered lithium in recurrent manic-depressive illness, bipolar and unipolar type, was tested in two groups of patients. In Group I the patients were allocated randomly to maintenance treatment with either lithium or flupenthixol decanoate. The patients in Group II had previously been given lithium and were switched to flupenthixol decanoate because of unsatisfactory prophylactic effect of lithium, doubtful tablet compliance, troublesome side effects, or fear of later harmful effects. The flupenthixol decanoate dosage was 20 mg every 2-3 weeks. The study was not blind. In Group I neither lithium treatment (14 patients) nor treatment with flupenthixol decanoate (19 patients) led to a significant fall of mean episode frequency or mean per cent time ill. The reasons for this lack of response are not clear, but prognostically negative selection of the patients presumably took place before and possibly also during the hospitalization. Since absent effects cannot be compared, this part of the trial remains inconclusive. In Group II (93 patients) treatment with flupenthixol decanoate was associated with significant falls of the frequency of manic episodes and per cent time ill in mania and with significant rises of the frequency of depressive episodes and per cent time ill in depression. Increase of depressive morbidity was seen only in patients who had been given lithium during the pre-trial period and was presumably a result of the discontinuation of lithium. It is not known whether flupenthixol decanoate is of value in the prophylactic treatment of recurrent manic-depressive illness, but the drug may be worth trying in patients whose disease is dominated more by manic than by depressive recurrences and who do not respond to lithium or do not tolerate it or do not take it.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacology of a new phthalane (Lu 10-171), with specific 5-HT uptake inhibiting properties.

The pharmacological profile of a new bicyclic substance, Lu 10-171 (1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-phthalancarbonitril), is described and compared with that of existing tricyclic thymoleptics. In mice and rats the compound exhibited marked 5-HT potentiating properties both in vivo and in vitro, being 5-10 times as active as chlorimipramine. The tests included 5-HT-, 5-HTP- and tryptophan-potentiation. In monoamine oxidase inhibitor treated dogs and rabbits the compound caused a marked hyperthermia. In rabbits this effect was completely blocked by pretreatment with the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine. Hyperthermia induced by the central catecholamine displacing substance H 77/77 in rats was not affected by Lu 10-171, whereas the substance abolished the temperature rise induced by H 75/12. Reserpine- and tetrabenazine-induced ptosis and tetrabenazine-induced immobility in mice were antagonized by relatively low doses of existing tricyclic thymoleptics, whereas Lu 10-171 was very weak in this respect. Very weak in vitro anticholinergic and antihistaminergic properties were also registered for Lu 10-171. It is concluded that Lu 10-171 is a very potent and highly specific potentiator of 5-HT both in vivo and in vitro probably due to inhibition of 5-HT uptake. Thus this compound might be a useful agent in studying the role of 5-HT neurone systems in the control of mood. The substance does not possess the NA potentiating and anticholinergic and antihistaminergic properties characteristic of the tricyclic antidepressants.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1977

The pharmacology of a new potent, long acting neuroleptic, piflutixol.

Piflutixol, 6-fluoro-9-[3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidino)propylidene]-2-trifluoromethyl-thioxanthene, has been shown to have pronounced neuroleptic properties. It is a very potent inhibitor of methylphenidate-induced stereotypies in mice, amphetamine and apomorphine-induced stereotypies in rats, apomorphine-induced stereotypies and vomiting in dogs. Furthermore piflutixol causes cataleptic reaction in small doses and inhibits conditioned avoidance reaction in rats. The compound is equally potent orally and parenterally and has a prolonged effect. Piflutixol has up to the present proved to be the most potent inhibitor of dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in rat striatum in vitro. Piflutixol has a stron sedative effect (inhibition of spontaneous motor activity, induction of ptosis and potentiation of barbiturate anaesthesia) and in addition inhibits reticular arousal reaction in very low doses. Thus piflutixol constitutes a unique combination of potent anti-stereotyped activity with potent sedative effects. This means that piflutixol may prove to be a low-dose basic neuroleptic with long duration of action.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacology of cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate, a depot neuroleptic.

The duration and intensity of the neuroleptic effect of cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate in Viscoleo have been compared with those of cis(Z)-clopenthixol, 2 HCl in aqueous solution in a number of animal experimental models. Cis(Z)-clopenthixol, 2 HCl had a strong, but short-lasting neuroleptic effect (apomorphine antagonistic effect in dogs, inhibition of conditioned avoidance response in rats) which was accompanied by marked sedation. In contrast, cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate in oil had an effect which was slower in onset, but of much longer duration and only the highest doses caused a slight sedation. In rats catalepsy could be induced in some animals by high doses of cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate whereas cis(Z)-clopenthixol, 2 HCl at all the doses tested caused catalepsy in all animals. In mice only high doses of cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate in oil caused reduction of spontaneous motor activity and potentiation of barbiturate anaesthesia. The results are discussed with special reference to the clinical use of the depot preparation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of conditional avoidance response by neuroleptics upon repeated administration.

Development of tolerance to neuroleptic compounds tested in the conditional avoidance model was investigated. Since tolerance may manifest itself by a diminished potency and/or a shortened duration of effect, the complete time course of effect was registered in these experiments. Rats were pretreated approximately 2 weeks with daily oral doses of chlorprothixene (20 mg/kg), flupenthixol (10 mg/kg), fluphenazine (2.5 mg/kg), or haloperidol (10 mg/kg) or twice a week with piflutixol (0.31 mg/kg). Three days after withdrawal chlorprothixene and flupenthixon caused a slightly but significantly weaker inhibition of avoidance performance in rats pretreated with the respective compounds and compared with non-pretreated rats, the duration of effect was shortened. Six dasy after withdrawal of piflutixol the duration of effect of a dose of piflutixol causing maximum inhibition was significantly shortened, while no homologous tolerance could be demonstrated in fluphenazine-pretreated rats. Cross tolerance was found after haloperidol-pretreatment when the rats were tested with fluphenazine 6 days after withdrawal. Homologous piflutixol tolerance could be shown 4 weeks after withdrawal. These results indicate that it is possible to demonstrate a slight tolerance to the effect of neuroleptic compounds when these are tested in conditional avoidance experiments. The cause of this tolerance is discussed.

Animals↗