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Biomedical subjects

V R Cassidy

Publications and source records attributed to V R Cassidy.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Professional autonomy and ethical decision-making among graduate and undergraduate nursing majors: a replication.

The purpose of this study was to validate the findings of a previous investigation of differences in perceptions of idealistic and realistic moral behavior and attitudes toward autonomy, patients' rights, and traditional role limitations among four groups of nursing students. A sample of 147 associate, generic baccalaureate, degree completion, and master's students anonymously completed the Judgments About Nursing Decisions (JAND) and the Nursing Autonomy and Patient Rights Scale (NAPRS). Only three findings from the original study were validated: that both age and ethics education have effects on attitudes toward autonomy as measured by the NAPRS and that, overall, there is a consistent lack of significant findings on JAND scores among groups studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nursing research in the United States: the protection of human subjects.

In the United States the protection of the rights of human subjects in experimentation has evolved at three levels: professional, public, and private. At the professional level, codes, guidelines and the Patient's Bill of Rights address the issues of protecting the dignity, privacy and autonomy of individuals who serve as research subjects. At the public level, regulations promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services have become the standard for protecting human subjects. At the private level, United States common law regulates the conduct of individual researchers by requiring them to act in a manner consistent with generally accepted standards of care. As professionals, nurses must be actively involved in the formation of public policy regarding the conduct of research and strive to formulate a research agenda that will ensure that the ethics of research in nursing is above question.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMed1988

Professional autonomy and ethical decision making among graduate and undergraduate nursing majors.

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in perceptions of ethical dilemmas and attitudes toward autonomy among four groups of nursing students. A randomly selected sample (n = 130) of students enrolled in associate degree, generic baccalaureate, degree completion, and master's study completed the Judgments About Nursing Decisions (JAND), the Nursing Autonomy and Patient's Rights Scale (NAPRS), and a demographic data sheet. Using one-way analysis of variance procedures, significant differences were found among groups on autonomy, patients' rights, and rejection of traditional role limitations. No significant differences were found on perceptions of idealistic and realistic moral behavior. Additional analysis produced significant findings when student groups were compared by age, RN status, and participation in ethics courses and seminars. Lack of significant differences on perceptions of ethical dilemmas may have resulted from the relatively low level of reliability of the JAND with the groups studied. Differences in attitudes are attributed to experience as a registered nurse, participation in an educational offering, and exposure to the bureaucratic environment of the health-care system.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Response changing and student achievement on objective tests.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the types of response changes made by undergraduate nursing majors on an objective test and to provide additional data which support the limited research on this topic. Responses were evaluated for the percent of total responses, direction of the changes made, and the effects of the changes on student achievement. Approximately 70% (n = 39) of the students changed one or more responses; the mean gain was 2.47 items. Major findings include significant differences in overall achievement on the test between response changers and nonresponse changers (t = 2.14; p less than .03); significance (X2 = 41.67; p less than .001) in the direction of the changes made by students; and significant (X2 = 19.463; p less than .0000) gain in the achievement of students who changed responses. The results of this study support the previous, but limited, research in the investigation of response changing among students. The limitation of this study and implications for future research are also presented.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical responsibilities in nursing: research findings and issues.

Discussions in the literature assert that nurses are becoming increasingly cognizant of their ethical responsibilities, but that they are often ill prepared to participate in ethical decision making. A review of selected research literature from 1970 to 1987 was undertaken to validate these assertions. A total of 12 studies related to ethical responsibilities was identified in the review; all studies were published between 1980 and 1987. The majority of studies were at the descriptive and exploratory levels and employed Kohlberg's cognitive theory of moral development as their conceptual framework. Significant findings related to educational level and ethical responsibilities were consistent across studies. Findings related to age and clinical experience were mixed; the effects of economic level, religion-religiosity, ethnicity, and other variables on ethical responsibilities were not significant. Issues raised in the light of the existing research include the use of Kohlberg's theory as a conceptual orientation in nursing groups and limited data on the reliability and validity of instruments used in measuring ethical constructs. Recommendations for future research on ethical responsibilities include the validation of Kohlberg's theory for nursing investigations, exploration of other frameworks for developing a multidimensional view of ethical responsibilities, and the use of qualitative research designs.

Behavioral Research↗