PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

V Raina

Publications and source records attributed to V Raina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of bone.

Small cell carcinoma has been reported to arise in many extrathoracic sites. However, such tumours arising from bone have not been previously described. We report what we believe is the first reported case of extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma of bone. The tumour arose from the fifth dorsal vertebra in a 60 year old woman. The patient was treated with local radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy and remains in remission, 18 months after diagnosis. As such extrathoracic small cell tumours are rare, there seem to be no clear-cut guidelines for treating them, but combination chemotherapy is recommended.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Alfacalcidol is a nontoxic, effective treatment of follicular small-cleaved cell lymphoma.

Thirty-four patients with progressive low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with 1 microgram oral alfacalcidol daily. Complete response was seen in four patients and a partial response in four patients with an overall response rate of 24%. Median duration of response was 14 months. Disease stabilised in ten other patients (29%) and 16 patients (47%) had tumour progression. In the sub-group of patients with follicular, small-cleaved cell-lymphoma the overall response to treatment was 29%. Apart from one patient who had a mild transitory elevation of serum calcium there was no recorded toxicity from alfacidol. These results indicate that alfacalcidol has significant antitumour activity in patients with low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the follicular, small-cleaved cell type.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1990

B cell lymphoma of the thyroid in Hashimoto's thyroiditis monitored by fine-needle aspiration cytology.

An 80-yr-old female with a grade I diffuse goiter was diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration cytology as having Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Two years later, she developed a hard nodular growth in the right lobe of the thyroid, which was subjected to fine-needle aspiration and diagnosed as a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Immunocytology demonstrated the monoclonal B cell nature of the lesion. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and is alive and free of the disease 27 mo after surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Longstanding pleural effusion in an elderly man due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (multilobulated nuclear cell type).

A 68-year-old man presented with left sided pleural effusion. Investigations were suggestive of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of multilobulated nuclear cell type. Symptomatic treatment by repeated thoracic aspiration was carried out every three to four months over nine years, after which the patient developed left axillary lymphadenopathy and a chest wall mass. Biopsy of the mass revealed multilobulated B cell lymphoma. Complete remission including disappearance of the pleural fluid was achieved with combination chemotherapy. Pleural effusion was the only clinical feature of lymphoma for nine years and this has not been described before.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with pulmonary metastases in an elderly man.

We describe a 56-year old male smoker who presented with bilateral gynaecomastia and a large shadow in the upper zone of the right lung. Lobectomy revealed a haemorrhagic tumour at the apex of the right upper lobe. Histology revealed pure choriocarcinoma. Further investigations revealed normal testes and a retroperitoneal mass. Apart from histology, the other poor prognostic factors in this patient were the extragonadal site, gynaecomastia and age. Complete remission was achieved with an aggressive 5-day chemotherapy regime. Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma is extremely rare and is predominantly seen in the age group between 20-30 years.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Sarcoidosis masquerading as leprosy, pulmonary tuberculosis and urolithiasis.

A middle aged man presented as a recalcitrant case of borderline leprosy with concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis and urolithiasis which continued to progress relentlessly despite adequate multiduring antileprosy and antitubercular treatment. After detailed and relevant workup, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. Rapid clinical improvement occurred with steroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Gastric carcinoma presenting as polyarthritis.

A patient with carcinoma of the stomach presenting with symmetrical polyarthritis of the upper limbs is described. Rheumatoid factor and LE cell were negative, but antinuclear antibody was positive. The arthritis subsided after the tumour was excised.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Hypersplenism due to fungal infection of spleen in a successfully treated patient with Hodgkin's disease.

A 58 year old woman, with dermatitis herpetiformis was found to have Hodgkin's disease following the discovery of an abdominal mass and splenomegaly. Combination chemotherapy was given. Although the abdominal mass and systemic symptoms resolved, the splenomegaly did not and the patient developed severe prolonged anaemia and pancytopaenia. Splenectomy resulted in a complete reversal of the haematological abnormalities. Histopathological examination of the spleen revealed fungal granulomas of Candida albicans. No residual Hodgkin's disease was found. The patient thus had hypersplenism due to fungal granulomas in the spleen. This form of presentation of fungal granuloma is very rare and resulted in delay in diagnosis and considerable morbidity to the patient.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

Testicular cancer in three brothers.

Three of four brothers in a family were diagnosed to have testicular tumour. All brothers were in their twenties at diagnosis and all had malignant teratoma, intermediate. One of the brothers, in addition, had a seminoma on the same side as the teratoma. The cases were unusual as there was no family history of cancer and no congenital abnormalities, such as cryptorchidism. Chromosomal analysis and HLA typing did not help in elucidating the cause of this rare familial occurrence of testicular tumour.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary infiltrates--diagnostic problems in lymphoma.

The use of invasive investigations in immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates is controversial. We report a series of 22 pulmonary lesions occurring in 19 patients with underlying Hodgkin's (7) and non-Hodgkin's (12) lymphoma in whom invasive investigations were performed. The principle techniques used were fibreoptic bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy. A specific diagnosis was made on 12 occasions (55%). Involvement of the lung with lymphoma (6) and cytotoxic drug induced pneumonitis (4) were the commonest diagnoses, infection being found on only one occasion. In 15 of these 22 procedures (68%) the information obtained made a positive contribution to patient management.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Electrohemostasis with endoscopic electrocoagulation in upper gastrointestinal bleed.

Fifty patients who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleed were taken up for electrohemostasis with endoscopic electrocoagulation. Hemostasis was achieved in 32 patients at the first sitting, and in a second session in two of eight patients in whom it was attempted. No complications were encountered. EEC is an effective and safe method of achieving hemostasis in upper gastrointestinal bleed due to varied gastroduodenal lesions, and may help cut down the number of patients subjected to emergency surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics and anti-emetic efficacy of BRL43694, a new selective 5HT-3 antagonist.

Twenty patients receiving a variety of emetogenic cytotoxics (including cisplatin in 5) were given a single i.v. infusion of 40 micrograms kg-1 of BRL43694 (as the hydrochloride salt) in successive groups of 3-4 patients between 0-6 hours after chemotherapy. Eleven patients were completely protected from vomiting; 9 had mild to moderate nausea and vomiting, but none severe enough to require alternative anti-emetic 'rescue'. In 4 of the patients in whom BRL43694 was delayed until 4-6 h after chemotherapy, vomiting had already begun; in each case immediate termination of vomiting occurred when BRL43694 was infused. No adverse effects attributable to the anti-emetic were observed. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters in 14 patients in whom plasma assay data are available were: Maximum observed concentration = 30.7 ng ml-1; terminal phase half-life = 8.96 h; total body clearance = 0.376 (1 h-1) kg-1; apparent volume of distribution = 2.85 l kg-1. This study shows BRL43694 to be an effective and well tolerated anti-emetic. Further studies aimed at defining an optimal dose and schedule for use against the most emetogenic cytotoxics are in progress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of vitamins A, C, and E on aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA-98 and TA-100.

The effects of retinoids (vitamin A analogs) and vitamins C and E on the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA-98 and TA-100 were investigated. The bioassay was performed under conditions that permitted the effects of vitamins on carcinogen metabolism to be assessed separately from effects on the expression of the mutated bacterial cell. Both retinoic acid and retinol inhibited (up to 50%) AFB1-induced mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA-98, but only retinol inhibited (up to 75%) mutagenesis in TA-100. Retinoic acid inhibition of mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA-98 was pronounced over a wide concentration range (i.e., 2 X 10(-10) to 2 X 10(-8) M) however, at the higher concentrations (i.e., 2 X 10(-8) to 2 X 10(-6) M range) the predominant effect was the inhibition of the metabolism of AFB1 to its mutagenic metabolites. Vitamin E was more potent in inhibiting the expression of AFB1-induced mutagenesis than vitamin C. However, the major inhibitory effects of vitamin E were related to the metabolism of AFB1, whereas vitamin C was inhibitory at both metabolic and the post-metabolic levels of the AFB1 mutagenesis assay. The results of these investigations suggest that vitamins A, C, or E inhibit both AFB1 metabolism to its mutagenic metabolites as well as the expression of AFB1-induced mutated bacterial cells.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1985

Differential sensitivity of Ah-responsive mice to beta-naphthoflavone-induced metabolism and mutagenesis of benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1.

Effects of the administration to C57BL/6ha (Ah-responsive) mice of a low (10 mg/kg) and a high dose (150 mg/kg) of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) on the hepatic microsome-mediated mutagenesis and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were studied. Hepatic microsome-mediated mutagenesis of benzo[a]pyrene was not enhanced by the low dose (10 mg/kg) but at the high dose (150 mg/kg) the mutagenic activation was enhanced several fold relative to control (corn oil-treated). Mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1 was however depressed by both the low and the high doses of beta NF. These results are consistent with the effects of beta NF administration on hepatic microsome-mediated metabolism of BP to its phenolic products and on the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin M1 catalyzed by aflatoxin B1-4-hydroxylase. Relative to control, pretreatment of the mice with 10 mg/kg beta NF did not induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity (a measure of BP metabolism), however, the same pretreatment induced the metabolism of AFB1 to AFM1 by 2.7 to 4.7-fold. Microsomal preparations from 150 mg/kg beta NF-pretreated mice showed a 3-fold induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and a 6.8-fold induction of AFB1-4-hydroxylase activity. These results suggest that two different enzyme systems are involved in the metabolism of BP and the metabolism of AFB1 to AFM1.

Aflatoxin B1↗