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Biomedical subjects

V Rainio

Publications and source records attributed to V Rainio.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Titanium implants and lateral forces. An experimental study with sheep.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance of titanium implants to horizontal forces in a sheep model. Twenty implants were inserted into the foreheads of 5 sheep, 4 implants on each animal. After a healing period of 3 months, abutments were mounted on the implants. After a further healing period of 3 weeks, the implants were loaded with a horizontal pull of orthodontic elastics. The force varied between 250 and 350 grams. The duration of loading was 3 months. After the loading period the animals were sacrificed and the forehead bones with implants were fixed in formalin and evaluated histologically. In the histological specimens no signs of infection or bone loss were found around the implants. The results of the present study encourage the use of titanium implants also in cases where constant lateral forces are present.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy of two therapy regimens for treatment of experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in cows.

The objective of the study was to monitor the effect of two therapy regimens on experimental Escherichia coli mastitis. Single udder quarters of 12 cows that were at least 30 d postpartum were inoculated with 1500 cfu of E. coli. The inoculation was repeated in the contralateral quarter after a 3- to 4-wk interval. Initially, half of the cows were treated with antimicrobials, and the remaining half were left untreated. At the second inoculation, the cows that were originally treated were not treated, and vice versa. Therapy began 12 h after inoculation and consisted of parenteral trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (6 cows) or intramammary colistin sulfate (6 cows). Clinical signs, daily milk yield, bacterial count, and endotoxin content of the milk were recorded. Milk SCC, NAGase activity, and trypsin inhibitor capacity were also monitored. The response to bacterial challenge varied greatly among cows. Bacteria were eliminated from the quarters within 7 d in all but 1 cow. Treatment did not significantly affect the elimination rate of bacteria or any of the measured parameters. Significant positive correlations existed among milk bacterial counts, endotoxin concentrations, and clinical signs at the acute stage of the infection. Based on these findings, antimicrobial therapy of E. coli mastitis during lactation apparently is no more beneficial than no treatment.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1994

Pharmacokinetics of single-dose administration of tinidazole in unweaned calves.

In a crossover trial, 7 healthy, 7- to 29-day-old, unweaned Finnish Ayrshire calves were given a single dose of 20 mg of tinidazole/kg of body weight, IV, and a single dose of 25 mg of tinidazole/kg orally. Blood samples were collected serially, and serum concentration of tinidazole was measured by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum concentration vs time data were analyzed by use of the statistical moment theory. Terminal half-life was 394 minutes after IV administration and 524 minutes (harmonic mean) after oral administration. The corresponding system moment mean residence times were 542 +/- 61.8 minutes and 812 +/- 117 minutes (arithmetic mean +/- SD), respectively. Estimated volume of distribution at steady state and total body clearance were 0.74 +/- 0.05 L/kg and 1.37 +/- 0.13 ml/min/kg, respectively. Tinidazole was rapidly and totally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Mean absorption time was 270 +/- 160 minutes, and the observed peak serum concentration was detected at 240 minutes. Bioavailability was 99.5 +/- 3.9%.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Viability of bovine demi- and quarter-embryos after transfer.

The viability of bovine demi- and quarter-embryos was investigated. Early compacting morulae were nonsurgically flushed from superovulated donor cows and were bisected by two microneedles. One of the halves was then split further into two quarters. Each demi- and quarter-embryo was placed in an evacuated zona pellucida. One demi- or two quarter-embryos were transferred non-surgically into cow or heifer recipients. Viability was measured by ultrasound scanning of the fetuses on Days 35, 48 and 60 of pregnancy. The pregnancy rates at Day 60 were 46.2% (6/13) for heifers and 33.3% (4/12) for cows after the transfer of a single demi-embryo. The transfer of two quarter-embryos resulted in a pregnancy rate of 61.5% (8/13) for heifers and 8.3% (1/12) for cows. Seven (53.8%) and four (33.3%) live fetuses were found on Day 60 following the transfer of demi-embryos into heifers and cows, respectively. The transfer of quarter-embryos resulted in 10 fetuses (38.5%) in the heifer recipients and only one fetus (4.2%) in the cow recipients. The results of this study suggest that heifers are more suitable than cows as recipients for quarter-embryos.

Journal Article↗