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Biomedical subjects

V Ray

Publications and source records attributed to V Ray.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Nevomelanocytic proliferations in the central nervous system of children.

BACKGROUND: Melanocytic proliferations affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of children may be classified as meningeal melanocytosis, primary melanoma, or metastatic melanoma. Meningeal melanocytosis often is associated with giant congenital pigmented nevi (preferentially involving the midline, the head and neck) representing the lethal condition neurocutaneous melanocytosis. Primary or metastatic melanomas, although extremely rare in children, can occur in the brain and its coverings and are associated with a poor prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective study of five patients with nevomelanocytic proliferations of the CNS was performed. RESULTS: There was characteristic enhancement in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium contrast, abnormal cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cytology with neoplastic cells showing cytoplasmic prolongations, and nevomelanocytic proliferation in the meninges expressing HMB45 positivity and exhibiting ultrastructural features of melanocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the rarity of these lesions, awareness of their existence is crucial for their recognition. Clinical, radiologic, and cytologic, correlation may allow an opportune diagnosis, which would allow avoidance of brain biopsy. Melanin production is not restricted to melanocytic neoplasms, and other CNS tumoral lesions occasionally may feature melanin as part of their histologic findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Papanicolaou smear abnormalities in ambulatory care sites for women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in ambulatory care settings and to correlate Papanicolaou smears with demographic and clinical variables. STUDY DESIGN: Papanicolaou smears of 135 women attending three ambulatory care clinics were reviewed. Chart review identified demographic and clinical variables, including CD4 count. Prevalence of abnormal smears was compared with baseline community rates. Demographic and clinical variables were correlated with Papanicolaou results with the chi 2 test. RESULTS: Fivefold to eightfold increased rates of abnormal smears in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women were observed. Prevalence of abnormal smears increased from 21% in women with CD4 counts greater than 600/mm3 to 45% in women with CD4 counts less than 400/mm3. Age, ethnicity, or mode of human immunodeficiency virus transmission was not significantly correlated with Papanicolaou smear findings. CONCLUSION: Increased rates of abnormal Papanicolaou smears and significant correlation with CD4 counts were observed in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women at ambulatory care sites. We recommend comprehensive gynecologic care, including semiannual Papanicolaou smears, for all human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in blood donors from Bombay.

Analysis of serum samples from 3104 blood donors from Bombay screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA. HBsAg was detected in 4.7% of the subjects. Relatives showed a significantly higher prevalence of HBsAg than volunteer donors. There was no significant association between HBsAg positivity and a particular blood group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Malignant granular cell tumor.

We report a case of malignant granular cell tumor of the chest wall that recurred in the right breast with axillary lymph node metastases. The recurrent tumor clinically and grossly mimicked a breast carcinoma. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques were used to confirm the cytologic and histologic diagnosis of granular cell tumor. The importance of true metastases in the diagnosis of malignant granular cell tumor and their differential diagnosis are discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of cellular infiltrates in the rat urinary bladder following BCG and thiotepa intravesical therapy.

We examined rat urinary bladders following intravesical administration of BCG and thiotepa. BCG administration resulted in a relatively greater increase in the mucosal infiltration of mononuclear cells relative to polymorphonuclear cells (P less than 0.01) compared to the thiotepa treated bladders. This finding suggests that the mode of action of the therapeutic effects of these agents may be different. These results may also suggest that the mechanism of action of BCG might be immunologic in nature.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

An immunohistologic characterization of human prostatic atypical hyperplasia.

In an effort to better distinguish the morphologic relationship of atypical hyperplasia of the prostate to benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic cancer, 43 prostate specimens were analyzed with ten immunohistologic markers. Two cytokeratin antibodies appeared useful (Cyto M and Cyto P, with the latter slightly more discriminatory). In summary, it appears that atypical hyperplasia is immunohistopathologically related to both benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic cancer, having characteristics of both.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Suppression of canine antral gastrin secretion by urine.

Distention of the gastric antrum with an alkaline fluid normally results in the secretion of gastrin. Following gastrocystoplasty in humans, however, hypergastrinemia has not been observed. We explored the possibility that a component of urine may suppress antral gastrin activity in the dog. Partial cystectomy and antral transposition to the bladder (ATB) was performed in five animals and antral transposition to the colon (ATC) was performed in five other dogs to serve as a hypergastrinemic controls. At four and eight weeks after surgery the mean serum gastrin levels in the ATC dogs were significantly greater than the mean preoperative levels (p less than 0.05). In contrast, at four and eight weeks after surgery the mean serum gastrin levels in the ATB animals were significantly less than the mean preoperative levels (p less than 0.05). The antral G-cell density as determined by immunohistochemical study at eight weeks after surgery was greater than normal in the ATC dogs but less than normal in the ATB dogs; but the differences did not achieve statistical significance. In another series of experiments using four other dogs a 4% aqueous peptone solution and a 4% peptone solution in concentrated dog urine were instilled into exteriorized antral pouches. The mean serum gastrin levels at 60 and 90 minutes after instillation of the former were significantly increased (p less than 0.05), but there was little or no change after instillation of the latter. Urine, or a component of urine, appears to suppress canine antral gastrin secretion and may explain the absence of hypergastrinemia following gastrocystoplasty in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of cytokeratin markers to differentiate between benign and malignant prostatic tissue.

Cytokeratins are intermediate filaments found within basal and secretory epithelial cells. Antisera raised against cytokeratins are available but frequently differ in specificity. Many are incompletely characterized for their reactivity against epithelial components. Cytokeratin (Cyto) P is a polyclonal antisera specific for 56 and 64 kd cytokeratins. Cyto M is a pool of monoclonals reacting against 40, 46, 50, 52, 58, and 65-67 kd cytokeratins. Initially, utilizing immunohistologic techniques, we evaluated these two antisera for their ability to distinguish between prostatic tissues of benign (benign prostatic hypertrophy [BPH]) or malignant (carcinoma of the prostate [CAP]) origin in the 34 cases evaluated. Specimens were analyzed for both Cyto P and Cyto M reactivity, as well as for the degree of reactivity. Lastly, in an effort to determine the morphologic relationship of atypical hyperplasia (AH) with either BPH or CAP, nine additional prostate specimens were analyzed. Cyto P was reactive in 8 of 8 (100%) BPH specimens and in 2 of 26 (8%) CAP specimens. Mean Cyto P degree of reactivity in the positive specimens was greater in BPH than in CAP (2.6 vs. 1.0). Cyto M reactivity was present in 8 of 8 (100%) BPH specimens and in 23 of 25 (92%) CAP specimens. Mean Cyto M degree of reactivity in the positive specimens was greater in CAP than in BPH (3.6 vs. 2.8). Cyto P was reactive in 3 of 9 (33%) AH specimens, with a mean degree of reactivity of 2.7. Cyto M was reactive in 9 of 9 (100%) AH specimens, with a mean degree of reactivity of 3.9. Cyto P reacted with only the basal cells, whereas Cyto M reacted with basal as well as secretory cells. These differences appeared to be the result of the differential reactivity of basal cells, which are present in BPH but absent in CAP. In summary, Cyto P and Cyto M are potentially useful markers in differentiating BPH from CAP, and it appears that AH is immunohistopathologically related to both.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Application of immunohistologic staining to develop a malignant index to aid in distinguishing benign from malignant prostatic tissue.

The development of antisera with reactivities against intermediate filaments, differentiation antigens, and secretory products has aided in identification and characterization of tissue specimens. Such evaluations may assist pathologists in distinguishing between benign (BPH) and malignant (CAP) tissue of prostatic origin. However, attempts to employ this technique are thwarted by 1) the use of frequently incompletely characterized antisera, 2) the use of both paraffin- and frozen-sectioned materials, and 3) a lack of quantitation in the degree of antisera immunoreactivity. To overcome these shortcomings, a mathematical approach was evaluated using eight BPH and 23 CAP specimens. These were sectioned and stained using commercially prepared antisera against cytokeratin (Cyto P, Cyto M), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), NK cells (Leu-7), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Reactivity was quantitated on a scale of 0-5. Mean values for markers elevated in CAP (relative to BPH) were placed in the numerator; those elevated in BPH (relative to CAP) were placed in the denominator: Malignant index = PSA + EMA + Leu-7 + Cyto M/PAP + Cyto P. This malignant index was significantly greater (P less than .001) in CAP tissues than in BPH regardless of Gleason grade (3.2 +/- 0.9 vs 1.6 +/- 0.9). It was also significantly elevated (3.0 +/- 0.8; P less than .01) in nine specimens representing prostatic atypical hyperplasia. These data suggest that immunohistologic staining may be applied as an aid in distinguishing between BPH and CAP.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1989

X chromosome restriction fragment length polymorphisms in five racial groups: rare variant detected with the RC8 (DXS9) probe in the Marathi population, India.

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were investigated in five racial groups using the X chromosome probes DXS9 and DXS7. The allele frequencies of these polymorphisms showed significant differences and both DNA fragments were found to be highly polymorphic in the populations of south and southeast Asia. In the Marathi population of India, a rare allele B*3 (3 kilobases; kb) and an altered 7-kb fragment instead of the 6.6-kb constant band were found with DXS9. This is the first time that the rare B*3 allele is found in a non-European population.

Asian People↗
PubMed1988

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome in a man with transverse testicular ectopia.

A 33-year-old Pakistani man with transverse testicular ectopia underwent surgery for repair of a left inguinal hernia. At operation a uterine structure with attached vasa deferentia was found in the left inguinal area and it was removed. Transverse testicular ectopia has been reported previously in association with the persistent müllerian duct syndrome. A deficiency of activity of a müllerian inhibiting substance during gestation is believed to be responsible for this syndrome. Most patients usually are sterile. Cloning of the gene for a müllerian inhibiting substance should permit studies of the pathogenesis of the persistent müllerian duct syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Human immunodeficiency virus antibody screening in blood donors from India, Nigeria and Thailand.

Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (LAV/HTLV-III) antibodies in 3 blood donor populations from India (n = 1,000), Nigeria (n = 500) and Thailand (n = 650; sampling in 1982) with a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Abbott) yielded seropositivity rates of 0.5, 2.2 and 1.7%, respectively. Two EIAs with control antigens prepared from uninfected cell cultures ('ELAVIA', VIRGO'), a recombinant Escherichia coli DNA EIA ('ENV/CORE'), Western blot, an immunofluorescence assay and a radio-immunoprecipitation assay confirmed none of the EIA-reactive specimens as truly positive. The lack of specificity of the screening test was also attributable to monochromatic evaluation of the test trays at 492 nm only, and to reactivities against determinants of H9 cells used to grow HIV (HLA antibodies).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Histopathology of BCG and thiotepa treated bladders.

In an effort to characterize the pathophysiological differences between the modes of action of BCG and thiotepa in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer, normal female rats received weekly intravesical instillations of both agents. The animals were sacrificed and their bladders were examined pathologically to determine if there were histological differences between the cellular infiltrates found in the BCG and thiotepa treated bladders. Mononuclear cells, particularly T-cells, predominated in the BCG treated bladders whereas polymorphonucleated cells predominated in the thiotepa treated bladders suggesting that there may be an immune aspect to the former therapy. The presence of T-cells following BCG therapy suggest a T-cell mediated immune response.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1986

Polyglycolic acid mesh in experimental renal trauma.

We investigated the efficacy of kidney wrapping with polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh for control of hemorrhage and preservation of renal function following extensive potentially lethal kidney lacerations in the dog. Wrapping of lacerated kidneys resulted in reapposition of the renal parenchyma and prompt, sustained hemostasis. At 21 days following injury the renal lacerations were well healed. Among five dogs with lacerations involving the entire surface of one kidney, the mean of the ratios of the creatinine clearance of the affected kidney divided by the creatinine clearance of the uninjured contralateral kidney was 0.83 +/- 0.14. Among ten dogs with lacerations confined to the lower pole of one kidney, five were treated by mesh wrapping and five by partial nephrectomy. The mean of the ratios of the creatinine clearance of the affected kidney divided by the creatinine clearance of the uninjured contralateral kidney was 0.93 +/- 0.17 for the former group and 0.58 +/- 0.06 for the latter group. Perirenal infection following kidney wrapping developed in only one dog who had an E. coli bacteriuria at the time of injury. Blood pressure was monitored in eight dogs treated with mesh wrapping. None became hypertensive. These data suggest that PGA mesh may have clinical utility in the management of selected renal injuries in humans.

Animals↗