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Biomedical subjects

V Reddy

Publications and source records attributed to V Reddy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Profile of patients enrolled in a new movement disorder clinic.

To assess the need for a regional expertise in movement disorders, the numbers of patients, clinic visits, and medication changes for a new movement disorder clinic were recorded. During 3 1/2 years, 355 patients were seen, with 1,329 clinic visits. Idiopathic Parkinson's disease was the most common diagnosis, comprising 36% of the population, followed by dystonia (17%), tremor (12%), parkinsonism (i.e., Parkinson's plus syndromes, drug-induced parkinsonism, etc.) (10%), chorea (10%), Tourette's syndrome (6.5%), and tardive dyskinesia (3.4%). Distribution of follow-up visits was similar, with Parkinson's disease (52%) being most frequent and Tourette's syndrome (3.1%) least frequent. The relative utilization of medical care by each patient group was assessed by determining the number of medication changes and the number of clinic visits per follow-up year. No differences in these measures were found using a one-way analysis of variance. Of the Parkinson's disease patients, 67% had Hoehn and Yahr stages III-IV and 77% of the clinic visits were made by this subgroup. When considered in light of the prevalence of each of the diseases, these data show a need for an expertise in movement disorders for a population base of the size we have served.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1991

Presence of the 4 S polycyclic hydrocarbon-binding protein in H4-II-E cells.

The 4 S polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-binding protein had been implicated in regulating the expression of rat cytochrome P450IA1 which is most closely associated with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). We have now investigated the presence of both the 4 S PAH-binding protein and the 8 S Ah receptor in rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells as well as the induction of P450IA1 upon their exposure to PAH's such as benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), and halogenated dioxins such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDBF). Sucrose density gradient analyses and hydroxylapatite assays indicate that, in addition to the 8 S protein, the 4 S PAH binding protein is present in these cells. This protein interacts in a saturable and high affinity manner with BP and 3MC, but not with TCDD or TCDBF. Using a P450IA1 probe, the induction of gene expression was observed by Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA after exposure of the H4-II-E cells to BP, 3MC, or TCDBF. Since the 4 S protein was observed to interact only with BP and 3MC, these results suggest that this protein may also play a role in the PAH-induced expression of cytochrome P450IA1 gene expression in H4-II-E.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cutaneous lesions of histoplasmosis with transepidermal elimination in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic pathogenic fungus that produces a variety of self-limiting disease syndromes in healthy persons, but commonly disseminates in immunocompromised hosts. Although histoplasmosis has been recently described in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, it is an uncommon finding, occurring in fewer than 0.5 percent of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We are reporting a second case of disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as keratotic papules with transepidermal elimination of Histoplasma capsulatum. Our case demonstrates the importance of including histoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of keratotic papules occurring in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Effect of massive dose vitamin A on morbidity and mortality in Indian children.

The effect of vitamin A supplementation on preschool child morbidity and mortality was assessed in a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study around Hyderabad, India. Every six months 200,000 IU vitamin A was given to 7691 children (treatment group) whereas 8084 children received a placebo (control group). Morbidity and mortality data were collected every three months. Risk of respiratory infection was higher in children with mild xerophthalmia than in children with normal eyes. Vitamin A supplementation had no effect on morbidity status. Mortality rates were similar in the two groups; it was highest in children who did not receive either vitamin A or placebo. The findings suggest that vitamin A supplementation alone may not reduce child mortality.

Blindness↗
PubMed1990

Binding characteristics of 4S PAH-binding protein and Ah receptor from rats and mice.

Cytochrome P-450IA1 (Cyto-P450IA1) is the isozyme most closely associated with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). At least two distinct high-affinity binding proteins may regulate its expression, the 4S protein that primarily binds polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the 8S Ah receptor that binds 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and like congeners. The present study was conducted to investigate ligand binding characteristics of the 4S and 8S binding proteins before and after separation from liver cytosol in the presence and absence of sodium molybdate. Liver cytosol and 4S and 8S receptor-enriched fractions from livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats (AHH-responsive), and from C57BL/6N (AHH-responsive) and DBA/2N and AKR/N mice (AHH-nonresponsive) served as sources of these proteins. Competitive binding studies were performed using 10 nM [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or [3H]-TCDD in the presence and absence of a 200-fold excess of BaP, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), and tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDBF). Specific PAH-binding activity was assayed by using either sucrose density gradient analysis or a hydroxylapatite assay. Our results indicate that before and after the separation of liver cytosol into 4S and 8S fractions, ligand binding characteristics were relatively unaltered for the 4S protein in comparison to that for the Ah receptor, particularly in the presence of molybdate. The 4S protein had high affinity for BaP and 3-MC but very low affinity for TCDBF; the 8S protein had high affinity for TCDBF, lesser affinity for 3-MC, and low affinity for BaP. In the presence of sodium molybdate, the Ah receptor fractions were significantly stabilized, whereas the 4S protein was relatively unaffected. After the separation of Ah receptor fraction from liver cytosol in the presence of molybdate, 3-MC consistently bound to a greater extent. These results affirm the existence of two distinct PAH-binding proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Amphicrine carcinoma of the lung. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.

A case of pulmonary carcinoma with dual (glandular and endocrine) differentiation diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology is reported. By light microscopy, the neoplastic cells showed mucicarmine, periodic-acid Schiff, and Grimelius silver positivity. On immunostaining, neuron specific enolase, chromogranin, calcitonin and serotonin were demonstrated. Electron microscopy revealed two different types of distinctive cytoplasmic inclusions in the same cell, namely: carcinoid type of neurosecretory granules and mucin droplets. Diagnostic criteria and possible histogenesis of this rare tumour entity are discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1990

Neoplasms metastatic to the heart: review of 3314 consecutive autopsies.

Cardiac involvement by metastatic neoplasms is relatively uncommon and usually occurs with widely disseminated disease. Ninety-five cases with cardiac metastases from autopsies performed over a 14-year period (1974-1987) at Loyola University Medical Center are reviewed. During this period, 3314 autopsies were performed with an average annual autopsy rate of 35%. In 806 (24.3%), a malignant disease was found, and in 95 (11.8%), there was cardiac involvement by tumor. The most common malignancies encountered in order of decreasing frequency were lung, lymphoma, breast, leukemia, stomach, melanoma, liver, and colon. Although the percentage of cardiac metastasis compares favorably with previous reports in the literature, an identical rate was present during both halves of the 14-year period studied. Improved diagnostic capabilities and treatment protocols in recent years have apparently not significantly affected the incidence, distribution, or patterns of metastatic spread to the heart.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix: a review.

A review of cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix seen at the Hines VA Hospital (1950-1987) and Loyola University Medical Center (1977-1987) revealed a total of 14 cases. All patients presented with a clinical picture suggesting acute appendicitis or a right lower quadrant mass. Malignancy was not suspected in any of the patients prior to surgery. The age group ranged from 25 to 66 years (mean, 51.8 years) with 29% of the patients under 45 years old. The presence of carcinoma should be carefully looked for in middle-aged and elderly patients presenting with acute appendicitis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Is DNA ploidy of prognostic significance in stage I cutaneous melanoma?

Recent studies have suggested that the presence of DNA aneuploidy in stage I cutaneous melanoma carries a poor prognosis. To see if our experience correlated with these reports, we used DNA analysis by flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained nuclei disaggregated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of biopsy specimens to retrospectively study 55 patients who had cutaneous stage I melanomas. The patients had been treated from 1977 to 1987 with a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. Thirty-nine (71%) of the 55 histograms were diploid, and 16 (29%) of the histograms were aneuploid. DNA content was significantly associated with other conventional prognostic factors, including growth pattern, ulceration, pathologic stage, tumor thickness, and Clark's level. DNA aneuploidy was significantly related to disease-free survival and predicted a poorer prognosis (p less than 0.05), but when stratified for tumor thickness it lost significance. A multivariate discriminant function analysis of 12 factors in melanoma showed six factors to be independently significant in determining prognosis. DNA content (p = 0.034) ranked fifth in importance behind growth pattern (p less than 0.001), ulceration (p less than 0.001), thickness (p = 0.001), and pathologic stage (p less than 0.005). DNA content, although significantly associated with conventional prognostic factors and disease-free survival, is not the best indicator of biologic behavior of melanomas in this study. Further investigation into its usefulness is necessary before DNA content can become a routine diagnostic modality in the work-up of stage I cutaneous melanomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Conjunctival impression cytology for assessment of vitamin A status.

Ocular signs and serum vitamin A concentrations are commonly used for the diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency. Recently, impression cytology was suggested as a method for early detection of this condition. A clinical trial was conducted to compare the results of impression cytology with the other two indicators of vitamin A status. A total of 246 children aged 1-10 y were investigated. About 25% of the children with normal eyes showed abnormal cytology. Their mean vitamin A concentrations were significantly lower compared with those with normal cytology, which suggests that abnormal cytology reflects subclinical deficiency. After treatment with vitamin A, most of the children who had abnormal cytology at baseline examination showed improvement. These observations suggest that abnormal cytology is specific to vitamin A deficiency. Impression cytology is a relatively simple technique and can be used for assessing the magnitude of the problem, especially in communities where the prevalence of clinical disease is low.

Child↗
PubMed1989

The range of neural tube defects in southern India.

During a prospective study of 3500 consecutive births from November 1985 to January 1987 at three hospitals, 40 babies were found to have neural tube defects, an extremely high incidence (11.4/1000 births). The defects comprised anencephaly (n = 18), meningomyelocele (n = 11), Arnold-Chiari deformity (n = 3), encephalocele (n = 3), iniencephaly (n = 2), and one each of occipital meningocele, spina bifida occulta, and anencephaly with rachischisis. There were significant differences in incidence between those with consanguineous and nonconsanguineous parents and those whose mothers had previously given birth to malformed infants or who had had miscarriages, and those who had not. Significantly more defects were found among stillborn and low birthweight babies, among girls, and among those whose mothers were aged between 20 and 30 years. Just over a third (14) were breech presentations, and hydramnios was present in 16 (40%).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

The treatment of Kawasaki syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin.

We compared the efficacy of intravenous gamma globulin plus aspirin with that of aspirin alone in reducing the frequency of coronary-artery abnormalities in children with acute Kawasaki syndrome in a multicenter, randomized trial. Children randomly assigned to the gamma globulin group received intravenous gamma globulin, 400 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, for four consecutive days; both treatment groups received aspirin, 100 mg per kilogram per day, through the 14th day of illness, then 3 to 5 mg per kilogram per day. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were interpreted blindly and independently by two or more readers. Two weeks after enrollment, coronary-artery abnormalities were present in 18 of 78 children (23 percent) in the aspirin group, as compared with 6 of 75 (8 percent) in the gamma globulin group (P = 0.01). Seven weeks after enrollment, abnormalities were present in 14 of 79 children (18 percent) in the aspirin group and in 3 of 79 (4 percent) in the gamma globulin group (P = 0.005). No child had serious adverse effects from receiving gamma globulin. We conclude that high-dose intravenous gamma globulin is safe and effective in reducing the prevalence of coronary-artery abnormalities when administered early in the course of Kawasaki syndrome.

Aneurysm↗