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Biomedical subjects

V S Carter

Publications and source records attributed to V S Carter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Integrated molecular signature of disease: analysis of influenza virus-infected macaques through functional genomics and proteomics.

Recent outbreaks of avian influenza in humans have stressed the need for an improved nonhuman primate model of influenza pathogenesis. In order to further develop a macaque model, we expanded our previous in vivo genomics experiments with influenza virus-infected macaques by focusing on the innate immune response at day 2 postinoculation and on gene expression in affected lung tissue with viral genetic material present. Finally, we sought to identify signature genes for early infection in whole blood. For these purposes, we infected six pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with reconstructed influenza A/Texas/36/91 virus and three control animals with a sham inoculate. We sacrificed one control and two experimental animals at days 2, 4, and 7 postinfection. Lung tissue was harvested for pathology, gene expression profiling, and proteomics. Blood was collected for genomics every other day from each animal until the experimental endpoint. Gross and microscopic pathology, immunohistochemistry, viral gene expression by arrays, and/or quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR confirmed successful yet mild infections in all experimental animals. Genomic experiments were performed using macaque-specific oligonucleotide arrays, and high-throughput proteomics revealed the host response to infection at the mRNA and protein levels. Our data showed dramatic differences in gene expression within regions in influenza virus-induced lesions based on the presence or absence of viral mRNA. We also identified genes tightly coregulated in peripheral white blood cells and in lung tissue at day 2 postinoculation. This latter finding opens the possibility of using gene expression arrays on whole blood to detect infection after exposure but prior to onset of symptoms or shedding.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Prospective randomized study of reamed versus unreamed femoral intramedullary nailing: an assessment of procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the procedure of unreamed femoral nailing is simpler, faster, and safer than reamed femoral intramedullary nailing. DESIGN: Prospective randomized. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: One hundred femoral shaft fractures without significant concomitant injuries admitted to an academic Level 1 urban trauma center. INTERVENTION: Stabilization of the femoral shaft fracture using a reamed or unreamed technique. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The surgical time, estimated blood loss, fluoroscopy time, and perioperative complications were prospectively recorded. RESULTS: One hundred patients with 100 femoral shaft fractures were correctly prospectively randomized to the study. Thirty-seven patients received reamed and sixty-three patients received unreamed nails. All nails were interlocked proximally and distally. The average surgical time for the reamed nail group was 138 minutes and for unreamed nail group was 108 minutes (p = 0.012). The estimated blood loss for the reamed nail group was 278 milliliters and for the unreamed nail group 186 milliliters (p = 0.034). Reamed intramedullary nailing required an average of 4.72 minutes, whereas unreamed nailing required 4.29 minutes of fluoroscopy time. Seven perioperative complications occurred in the reamed nail group and eighteen in the unreamed nail group. Two patients in the unreamed group required an early secondary procedure. Iatrogenic comminution of the fracture site occurred during three reamed and six unreamed intramedullary nailings. Reaming of the canal was required before the successful placement of three nails in the unreamed group because of canal/nail diameter mismatch. CONCLUSIONS: Unreamed femoral intramedullary nailing involves fewer steps and is significantly faster with less intraoperative blood loss than reamed intramedullary nailing. The unreamed technique, however, was associated with a higher incidence of perioperative complications, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.5).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Large-scale monitoring of host cell gene expression during HIV-1 infection using cDNA microarrays.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection alters the expression of host cell genes at both the mRNA and protein levels. To obtain a more comprehensive view of the global effects of HIV infection of CD4-positive T-cells at the mRNA level, we performed cDNA microarray analysis on approximately 1500 cellular cDNAs at 2 and 3 days postinfection (p.i.) with HIV-1. Host cell gene expression changed little at 2 days p.i., but at 3 days p.i. 20 cellular genes were identified as differentially expressed. Genes involved in T-cell signaling, subcellular trafficking, and transcriptional regulation, as well as several uncharacterized genes, were among those whose mRNAs were differentially regulated. These results support the hypothesis that HIV-1 infection alters expression of a broad array of cellular genes and provides a framework for future functional studies on the differentially expressed mRNA products.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1989

Wound site as a predictor of complications following deep nail punctures to the foot.

The site of injury, condition of the nail, and type of foot covering were compared in 36 inpatients and 34 outpatients with nail puncture wounds to the foot. Of the 36 inpatients, 34 (94%) had pyarthrosis, osteomyelitis, or both. The plantar surface of the foot was divided into 3 zones. Of the 36 inpatients, 35 (97%) had deep puncture wounds in zone 1. In contrast, only 6 of 34 (18%) outpatients had injury to this area. Tennis shoes were shown to predispose to infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on our findings, an early hospital admission should be considered for all patients with deep puncture wounds located in zone 1 and for patients who give a history of bone penetration in zone 2 or 3 at the time of injury. All patients who meet the above criteria and who are not admitted to hospital should be observed closely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Surgical treatment of tears of the rotator cuff in athletes.

Forty-five athletes with either a partial or a complete tear of the rotator cuff were treated with anterior acromioplasty and repair of the tear. The minimum duration of follow-up was twenty-four months (average, forty-two months). Thirty patients had an incomplete tear and fifteen had a complete tear. Postoperatively, thirty-nine (87 per cent) of the patients stated that they were improved compared with their preoperative status, although only thirty-four patients (76 per cent) felt that they had a significant reduction of pain postoperatively. Objectively, twenty-five (56 per cent) of the patients were rated as having a good result, which allowed them to return to their former competitive level without significant pain. Twelve (41 per cent) of the twenty-nine athletes who had been involved in pitching and throwing returned to their former competitive status. Seven (32 per cent) of the twenty-two pitchers and throwers who had been active at a professional or collegiate level returned to the same competitive level. In our experience, a repair of the rotator cuff combined with an acromioplasty in a young athletic population provides satisfactory relief of pain but does not guarantee that the patient will be able to return to his or her former competitive status in all sports.

Acromion↗
PubMed1985

The coracoid transfer for recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder in adolescents.

Thirty-six shoulders with recurrent anterior dislocation or subluxation in thirty-four adolescent patients were treated with a modified Bristow procedure. The average length of follow-up was five years and ten months. Postoperatively, two patients had recurrent anterior subluxation on one occasion and none had recurrent anterior dislocation. The average loss of external rotation was 10 degrees. Despite the fact that young patients have a high rate of recurrence after anterior dislocation or subluxation of the shoulder, the modified Bristow procedure is an effective method of treating recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Shoulder impingement syndrome in athletes treated by an anterior acromioplasty.

Shoulder pain caused by a impingement syndrome commonly affects an athlete's performance. Thirty-five shoulders in 33 athletes had an impingement syndrome treated by an anterior acromioplasty after failure of conservative treatment. Thirty-one of 35 shoulders (89%) were subjectively judged improved by the patients from their preoperative status. The moderate and severe pain was reduced from 97% of the shoulders preoperation to 20% postoperation. The pain at rest and with activities of daily living was reduced from 71% of the shoulders preoperation to 9% postoperation. However, only 15 of 35 operated shoulders (43%) allowed return to the same preinjury level of competitive athletics, and only four of 18 athletes involved in pitching and throwing returned to their former preinjury status. This operation is satisfactory for pain relief but does not allow an athlete to return to his former competitive status. A prolonged rehabilitation program may improve the results.

Acromion↗
PubMed1979

Isolated lateral meniscectomy. A study of twenty-six patients with isolated tears.

To better define the role that the lateral meniscus plays in stabilizing the knee, a study was made of twenty-six patients who had an uncomplicated lateral meniscectomy between 1972 and 1977. Patients with any degree of ligament instability, cruciate or collateral, prior to lateral meniscectomy were eliminated from the study. Also eliminated were any patients with roentgenographic evidence of degenerative arthrits, osteochondritis dissecans, or loose bodies. Only patients whose operative reports stated that the articular cartilage of the lateral compartment was either grossly normal or showed Grade-1 chondromalacia (less than one centimeter in diameter and only softening of the cartilage) at the time of surgery were included in the review. The meniscal lesions included bucket-handle tears, horizontal cleavage tears, and multiple linear defects. No grossly cystic menisci were included in the study. Two menisci demonstrated cystic degenerative changes on histological section. In sixteen patients some degree of ligament instability developed. The longer the interval between injury to the meniscus and its excision, the less satisfactory the result. Only fifteen (54 per cent) of the patients reported satisfactory results, and twenty lost some motion of the knee. We concluded that stability of the knee joint is a multifactorial problem, in which the lateral meniscus certainly plays an important part.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The modified Bristow procedure for recurrent dislocation of the shoulder.

A review of fifty-one cases of the modified Bristow procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability is presented. The results were favorable. The redislocation rate was 2% with few complications. The average limitation of motion was 11 degrees of external rotation. Athletic individuals with involvement of the dominant shoulder were not capable of returning to high performance levels of overhead sports activity (particularly throwing) after the operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Degeneration and rupture of the Achilles tendon.

An analysis was perfomed on 32 operative cases of Achilles tendon disease. Two patient classifications emerged. One group suffering an acute rupture of the Achilles tendon with no antecedent complaints, and the second group had a history of chronic pain, weakness and functional loss. This latter group could be further differentiated by the occurrence of tendon failure in 10 of 22 cases. Surgical exploration in the group with chronic complaints demonstrated a high incidence of diffuse reactive changes such as fibrinoid and myxomatous degeneration, fibroisis and metaplastic calcification. Degenerative disease of the Achilles tendon should be recognized and treated not as a simple injury but as a pathological lesion.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1973

Jumper's knee.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The patient's view of the pes anserinus transfer operation for rotatory instability of the knee.

A review of 82 patients was performed to ascertain their subjective evaluations of the pes anserinus transfer procedure for rotatory instability of the knee. Analysis demonstrated a slow improvement in symptoms which occurred over a 12-month period. At that time, 62% of the patients had regained 90% of their preinjury confidence in knee stability.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗