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Biomedical subjects

V S Moiseev

Publications and source records attributed to V S Moiseev.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis: clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome X. Prospects of pharmacological treatment].

Currently available data and clinical observations which suggest that there is a pathogenetic relationship between hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis have provided a concept of the X syndrome, by which hypertensive patients, mainly males, have impaired insulin tolerance along with hyperinsulinemia and concurrent atherogenic disorders of lipid metabolism. The paper discussed the specific pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and prospects for drug correction of the metabolic syndrome. The treatment of arterial hypertension with the calcium antagonist Lomir has indicated there are no negative changes as a control of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the presence of effective correction of arterial hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemias. With the monotherapy of essential hypertension concurrent with hypercholesterolemia with the alpha 1-adrenoblocker Doxazosin, in addition to the agent's high antihypertensive effects, the authors noted its favourable action on lipid spectral parameters and platelet functional activity. There is abundant evidence for the use of specific hypolipidemic agents in patients with essential hypertensive refractory to current antihypertensive drugs. The data obtained with the use of Lescol (fluvastatin) in patients with hypertensive disease and hypercholesterolemia suggest that by substantially reducing the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and its transport protein apo B does not deteriorate the quality of correction of arterial hypertension in this group of patients.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1995

[The hypolipidemic effect of and tolerance for Lescol in treating hypercholesterolemia in hypertension patients (an analysis of the data from a multicenter study)].

Hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia are at high risk to develop coronary heart disease (CHD). Chemotherapeutic correction of hyperlipidemia seems most reliable modality to prevent CHD. Hypolipidemic effect and tolerance of leskol (fluvastatin) in dietotherapy-resistant hypercholesterolemia were studied in 74 patients with essential hypertension treated with hypotensive drugs. The patients were included in a multicenter trial. A 12-week course reduced total cholesterol level under 6.2 mmol/l in 59% of the patients, under 5.2 mmol/l in 29% of them. LDLP cholesterol lowered to 3.5% in 34% of the patients. Mean apo B diminished by 23%. There was a 27% decrease in the proportion of atherogenic fraction apo B to antiatherogenic fraction of transport proteins apo A-I. Leskol is well tolerated and effective against hypercholesterolemia, it is safe in relation to side effects and blood biochemistry.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1994

[The regression of the structural-functional changes in the hypertrophic left ventricle during the long-term correction of the arterial pressure with Inhibace (cilazapril)].

The regression of structural and functional alterations in the hypertrophic left ventricle was measured in the course of long-term correction of arterial pressure with a new inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme ingibeis (chilasapril) in 23 patients with essential hypertension stage II-III. The results were for the most part obtained at echocardiography providing basic hemodynamic parameters and those of left ventricular diastolic function. Adaptability of the hypertrophic myocardium in response to physical loading was studied dynamically under isometric exercise test. The findings proved high efficacy of chilasapril in monotherapy of arterial hypertension. Long-term (6 months) therapy of left ventricular hypertrophy provides regression of the latter and improves left ventricular diastolic function, pumping capacity. In the course of arterial hypertension correction relevant patients with associated coronary heart disease improved their condition, demonstrated less frequent ECG changes indicative of ischemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Ramipril in the treatment of hypertension. The pharmacodynamic validation of its efficacy in the therapy of initial cardiac and renal involvement].

A clinical trial of 75 hypertensive subjects in stage II of the disease receiving ramipril monotherapy has established a marked efficacy of the above treatment. Individually adjusted single doses varied from 2.5 mg to 7.5 mg/day. The drug was well tolerated and had mild adverse effects (dry cough) in 2% of the patients. Long-term 12-week ramipril treatment in effective for hypertension doses is able to reduce myocardial mass without inhibition of the pumping capacity in the patients with left ventricular hypertrophy of the myocardium. In primary signs of nephroangiosclerosis hypertension correction was associated with improvement of filtration function and an increase in effective renal flow of plasma. The above pharmacodynamic effects make it possible to consider ramipril an effective hypotensive agent with organ-protective properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Differential use of vasodilators in various types of cardiac insufficiency].

Vasodilators (captopril or nifedipine) were administered to 85 patients with stage IIA-IIB circulatory insufficiency. Of them 36 had dilated cardiomyopathy (DC), 30 ischemic heart disease (IHD), 19 suffered from essential hypertension (EH). Morphofunctionally, myocardial lesion was of a dilated type in 50 patients (36 DC, 10 IHD and 4 EH cases), of a hypertrophic type in 18 patients (4 IHD, 14 EH cases), of a mixed type in 17 IHD patients. The response to acute tests with 25 mg captopril and 20 mg nifedipine along with clinicohemodynamic results of 3-5-week course treatment with the drugs point to noticeable advantage of captopril in the dilated lesion (18 responders of 26 patients), while nifedipine in the hypertrophic type (10 responders of 10 patients). In mixed-type IHD patients both drugs displayed high efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Acute malignant myocarditis and pleurodynia as the manifestation of a probable Coxsackie B viral infection].

The authors describe a 45-year-old female patient suffering from rapid-progressing myocarditis with growing disorders in conduction, repolarization alterations and heart dilatation seen for 3 days. The patient died on the 10th day of the disease which started from fever and catarrhal phenomena. Attack-like pains in the right half of the chest and abdomen, removable by narcotics, were a remarkable disease manifestation. The diagnosis of myocarditis was verified morphologically. The disease may be interpreted as infection with Coxsackie B virus associated with myocarditis and pleurodynia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Conditions for developing mental disorders in myocardial infarction].

Conditions for mental disorders formation at different stages of the underlying disease have been specified as a result of clinico-psychopathological, clinico-catamnestic and experimental psychological studies carried out in 55 patients with myocardial infarction. The authors show an important role of the clinical features of myocardial infarction in the formation of asthenic symptomatology and affective pathology in the acute period of myocardial infarction. In the subacute period of the illness, the premorbid characteristics and psychotraumatic factors preceding the disease exert a noticeable effect on the development of depressive and ++astheno-hypochondriac disorders. In the clinical picture of acute myocardial infarction, a less significant role is played by age-associated factor. At the outpatient stage of myocardial infarction treatment, the psychotraumatic factors due to chronic disease and related situations assume a particular significance in the formation of depressive hypochondriac symptomatology.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The specificity of the hypotensive effect of calcium antagonists in hypertension].

The purpose of the study was to define prognostic criteria that determine individual sensitivity to the hypotensive effect of slow calcium channel blockers. After two weeks of placebo therapy 45 patients suffering from essential hypertension underwent an acute pharmacological test (APT) with nifedipine in a dose of 30 mg. Then the patients received monotherapy with nitrendipine in the increasing doses for 12 weeks. The drug effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the level of ionized calcium in the blood serum was estimated. In 17 patients who responded to the APT by a decrease of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) by not less than 20%, arterial pressure was corrected with nitrendipine administered in a dose not exceeding 20 mg. 28 patients whose MAP dropped by 10 to 20% in response to the APT required higher drug doses (40 mg). 7 patients in whom the MAP dropped less than 10% were practically refractory to the monotherapy with nitrendipine. A close negative correlation was found between the degree of the MAP lowering in response to the APT during nitrendipine monotherapy and plasma renin activity as well as the concentration of ionized calcium in the blood serum. The low content (less than 1.0 mmol/l) of ionized calcium in the blood serum of patients suffering from essential hypertension appeared the most valuable predictor for the hypotensive effect of the slow calcium channel blockers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Asthma of physical effort and the effect of nifedipine and diltiazem].

In 13 patients with bronchial obstruction due to or enhanced by effort, the bronchodilatory effects of calcium antagonists (nifedipine and diltiazem) were studied and compared during the two-week treatment with each drug with a weekly interval. The appearance of bronchospasm at the 3d-5th minute after submaximal exercise (decrease of the volume of forced expiration during 1s by not less than 20% of the initial value) was regarded as a sign of asthma of effort. In 4 patients, bronchial obstruction in response to exercise was the only clinical sign of the disease, in 6 it was coupled with allergy, and in 3 patients, it aggravated the health status during exacerbation of bronchopulmonary infection. The patients were under observation during clinical remission of the disease. The clinical and instrumental data were estimated to reveal no well-defined correlation between the drugs. Both of them influenced bronchial patency, mainly at the level of the large and medium bronchi. Nifedipine was found to produce a more remarkable bronchodilatory effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The viral and immunological characteristics of cardiomyopathies and myocarditis].

As many as 97 patients with myocardial lesions: congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMP), postmyocarditis CMP (PM CMP), myocarditis (MC), alcoholic heart injury (AHI), coronary heart disease (CHD), vegetodysovarian myocardiodystrophy were examined by means of a complex of the virological tests (for Coxsackie B, Epstein-Barr and hepatitis B viruses) and immunoassays (for antibodies to different components of the myocardium, leukocyte migration inhibition test, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity test, measurements of T and B lymphocytes and their subpopulations, and so forth). Virus infection was shown to be of a role for the onset of acute MC (usually reversible) and congestive CMP. At the same time the autoimmune mechanisms of the lesions were conclusively ascertained in MC associated with heart failure and in PM CMP. In patients with congestive CMP and AHI coupled with heart failure, antibodies to nerve fibers of the myocardium could be demonstrated in the presence of T-lymphocyte deficiency and high titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus. This does not allow excluding myocardial denervation leading to refractory heart failure. Some immunological parameters made use of in the study provide an opportunity of an objective evaluation of the effect glucocorticoid treatment produces on patients suffering from MC and PM CMP.

Antibodies, Viral↗