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Biomedical subjects

V S Paukov

Publications and source records attributed to V S Paukov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Viral inclusions of sarcoid granuloma into the epitheliocytes].

Electron microscopy was used study the cellular composition of sarcoid granulomas in the lung of 10 patients. In 4 patients, epithelioid cells contained herpes virus virions. In these patients, the disease clinically began acutely, ran along with erythema nodosum; their treatment involved glucocorticosteroids. In the other patients, the cells of sarcoid granulomas did not contain viruses, the granulomas were at the fibrosing stage; diffuse pneumosclerosis was clinically diagnosed. It is suggested that in sarcoidosis, immunity is of not sterile character and the phagocytosis of virus aggregates with epithelioid cells demonstrates the degree of endocytobiosis. This process takes place in tuberculosis, which is a manifestation of the biological expediency of endocytobiosis as this allows infection immunity to be maintained.

Epithelial Cells↗
PubMed1996

[Immune system defence and its correction in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders of lower extremities].

The factors of immune defense were studied in 83 patients. Chronic osteomyelitis of foot and shin was in 48 patients (hematogenic osteomyelitis in 36 patients, posttraumatic osteomyelitis-in 12 patients). Trophic ulcers were in 25 patients: in 36% in the presence of diabetes mellitus; diabetic angiopathy complicated with diabetic gangrene was in 10 patients. The complex of immune and morphological changes, developing chronic inflammation underlying chronic course of disease, have been detected by clinical trials. The development of immune insufficiency makes it necessary to use various methods of immunocorrection (pharmacological, biological, physical) in treatment of such patients that will decrease rate of postoperative morbidity and improve results of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[In vivo analysis of the morphofunctional state of myocardial blood supply in ischemic heart disease].

The patency of coronary arteries and morphofunctional features of myocardial microhemocirculation were studied in 40 males with coronary heart disease (CHD) aged 36-59 using intravital coronary angiography, intraoperative left ventricular biopsies assessed electron-microscopically and by semithin sections. In spite of various impairment of the coronary arteries, there was similar clinical presentation. It was found that in addition to atherosclerosis stenosing the main subepicardial vessels in CHD, there appeared a peripheral barrier for the tissue circulation with defective permeability of the myocardial microvessels. Intramyocardial vascular disorders were characterized by noticeable changes in blood rheology, reactivity of resistive vessels and angiosclerosis. The role of multifactor endothelial deformities rose significantly as well as of extravasal compression of the microvessels in interstitial edema and sclerosis, in affected cardiomyocytes. Moreover, the permeability of the histohematic barrier came to be destroyed. The above changes can be considered as reversible, irreversible and amenable to correction. The findings led the investigators to the conclusion on a role of the dysfunction of the intramyo cardial vascular bed as an essential mechanism of CHD pathogenesis responsible for realization of the functional factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Postgraduate training of pathologists].

Specialization of institutions engaged in training of pathologists is a key condition of skilled specialists turn out. Medical colleges should be responsible for training hospital and junior physicians. Institutes for postgraduate medical education must ensure updating of the practicing pathologists knowledge and prepare them for getting special degrees and diplomas including "European Pathologist". The system of continuous training of pathologists should rest on fundamental legal base which should be warranted by the Russian Federation Ministry of Public Health.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1992

[New developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of peritonitis].

The authors put forward the idea that a leading factor in the pathogenesis of acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) is not inflammation but intoxication approaching in its intensity that of bacterial-toxic shock. The intoxication appears immediately after the catastrophe in the abdominal cavity, results in the microcirculation disturbances in all inner organs, degenerative changes in the small bowel nerves, etc. Damages in the organs due to intoxication develop several hours earlier than peritoneal inflammation which is influenced by the intoxication. The patients die during the toxic stage after the operation not from the peritoneal inflammation which is lacking but from the irreversible homeostatic disturbances with the signs of bacterial-toxic shock. Some tests for postoperative prognosis and treatment scheme are suggested based on the new concepts of AGP. They proved to be useful in the clinics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Morphogenesis of pneumonia in alcoholic intoxication].

A single moderate dose of ethanol given to 120 Wistar male rats inhibits general immune defence and may facilitate the development of pneumonia. No morphological changes are found in the surfactant system in acute alcoholic intoxication. In chronic alcoholic intoxication with a pronounced withdrawal syndrome, apart from the decrease of general immune defence, lung surfactant system is damaged due to the direct ethanol effect on type II pneumocytes. These are the leading factors in the pneumonia pathogenesis characterized by a grave course and tendency to the abscess formation.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1991

[Morphology of lymph nodes in secondary immunodeficiency provoked by acute diffuse peritonitis].

Lymph nodes of 30 patients operated because of acute diffuse peritonitis are studied histologically and immunologically. Two types of the lymph node response are found during the reactive stage. The response of the 1st type (the beginning of peritonitis) is characterized by the activation of T- and B-immunity systems. The signs of the depression are characteristic for the 2nd type. Immunodeficiency is enhanced in toxic and terminal stages. The most informative index of the immunodeficiency degree is a decrease of the ratio T-helper/T-suppressor cytotoxic lymphocytes. There is a close correlation between the state of patients and immunomorphological changes of lymph nodes and blood. Peritonitis results in the development of vitium cordis when intoxication associated with immune disturbances strengthens both the inflammation and intoxication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Pathogenesis of infant pneumonia].

Basing on morphofunctional study of 101 autopsy cases of children under one year of age, the role of premorbid background, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies is shown in the onset of pneumonia. The scheme of the pneumonia development is suggested.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Interorgan relationships in alcoholic intoxication].

It is suggested, on the basis of 315 necropsies of patients who died of drunkenness and alcoholism and examination of 300 rats with acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication, to distinguish an "alcoholic disease" as a separate nosological entity. The stages of this disease are drunkenness, alcoholism and alcoholic abstinence syndrome. Multiple organ pathology is characteristic for the disease with obligatory microangiopathy, alcoholic encephalo-, cardiomyo- and hepatopathy. The development of the disease follows a principle of vitium cordis at which the changes in certain organs result in the progression of pathological lesions in other organs. The course of the disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation provoked either by a regular alcohol consumption or by an alcoholic abstinence syndrome. Toxic effects of alcohol, acetaldehyde and catecholamines are main factors in the pathogenesis of lesions in various organs.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1991

[Disorders of the immune status in patients with acute diffuse peritonitis].

Analysis of various parameters of the immune system and non-specific resistance in patients with acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) has indicated that in AGP there is immunodeficiency involving all the links of immune defense and non-specific resistance. The T-cell immunity, primarily T helpers, is afflicted in AGP to the greatest extent. A magnitude of decreases in T helper counts may be used as a prognostic indicator in AGP. The severity of immune defense abnormalities correlates with the duration and intensity of intoxication, there is a "paralysis" of this defense in the terminal stage of AGP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Patterns in the reorganization of the lymphatic bed of the heart in disordered lymph outflow].

Current concepts of the structure and function of the heart lymphatic bed and role of the disturbance of lymph circulation in cardiac pathology are presented. The original clinical and experimental results obtained with the use of injection, stereoangioscopic and electron microscopic methods are summarized. General rules of the compensatory-adaptive and pathologic rearrangement of the damaged lymph drainage in the process of chronic lymphostasis development and the reversibility of these changes are described. The classification of the disturbances of the heart lymph circulation is considerably modified.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

[Chronic interstitial lung diseases. The status of the problem].

Literature and original data on etiology, pathogenesis and morphogenesis of chronic nonspecific lung diseases provided the authors with evidence leading to conclusions on common pathogenesis of the above wide spectrum of the diseases characterized by affected intercellular relations in the lungs. Immunologic homeostasis is suggested as an essential factor resultant in the disease progression along the vicious circle in case of its defective functioning.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1990

[Pathogenetic aspects of the treatment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis].

Experience with the treatment of 130 patients with generalized purulent peritonitis is analysed. The complex of therapeutic measures included intraoperative cleansing of abdominal cavity with ultrasound; postoperative prolonged laparoscopic cleansing with the use of rational antibacterial therapy and laser irradiation of the abdominal cavity. The cell immunity values in patients with peritonitis were studied and the principles of immunocorrective therapy substantiated. It is shown that detoxification measures are necessary in the treatment of this category of patients. A complex approach to the treatment of purulent peritonitis led to a decrease in mortality to 13.8%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in the muscular layer and the intermuscular nerve plexus of the intestines in experimental peritonitis in rats].

Changes in the muscular layer and intermuscular nervous plexus are studied histologically, histochemically and electron microscopically using the model of faecal rat peritonitis. Alterations characteristic of water metabolism disturbances (edema) up to the coagulation or colliquative necrosis development of individual cells are revealed in the muscular layer. Damage to the cholinergic structures which can be interpreted as a reversible partial morpho-functional cholinergic denervation is found in the intermuscular nervous plexus. The above changes are the structural basis of the intestinal paresis in peritonitis. These changes are reversible if an early (up to one day) elimination of the inflammatory process occurs.

Animals↗