PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

V S Prasad

Publications and source records attributed to V S Prasad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Enzymatic esterification of starch using recovered coconut oil.

Modification of maize and cassava starches was done using recovered coconut oil and microbial lipase. Microwave esterification was advantageous as it gave a DS 1.55 and 1.1 for maize starch and cassava starch, respectively. Solution state esterification of cassava starch for 36 h at 60 degrees C gave a DS of 0.08 and semi-solid state esterification gave a DS of 0.43. TGA and DSC studies showed that the higher DS attributed to the thermostability, since onset of decomposition is at a higher temperature (492 degrees C) than the unmodified (330 degrees C) and was stable above 600 degrees C. alpha-Amylase digestibility and viscosity reduced for modified starch.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed2002

Surface mapping of spike potential fields: visual vs. quantitative EEG analysis.

Interictal EEG spike field potentials by visual and quantitative EEG analysis were studied in 17 patients with intractable localization related epilepsy. Quantitative EEG analysis was done using commercially available window based computer program (Focus) that displayed digitally acquired EEG data and performed spline mapping. Routine EEG localized 20 spikes. Fourteen spikes had excellent congruence between manual and computer generated mapping, 6 had good congruence, and 1 had fair congruence. This study clearly proves the usefulness of spline interpolation mapping technique in localizing and characterizing the epileptiform focus.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2001

Sinocranial aspergillosis: a form of central nervous system aspergillosis in south India.

Of the 21 patients with aspergillosis of central nervous system seen during the years 1990-1997, 16 (76%) had aspergillosis of sino-cranial origin. The occupation in patients with sino-cranial aspergillosis was either agricultural or manual work and predisposing risk factors were present in only two (12.5%) patients. Skull-base syndromes were the presenting features in 13 patients and three patients presented with features of intracranial space-occupying lesion. Paranasal sinus mass lesions were seen in all the 16 patients. Computerized tomography showed intracranial extradural-enhancing mass lesions in the anterior, middle or posterior cranial fossa in nine (68%) patients, intracranial and orbital lesions in four and orbital lesions in three. Well-formed granuloma with dense fibrosis was the histological feature. Survival rates were not good even after surgical and antifungal chemotherapy. Surgical treatment was subradical in our series. The majority of cases of sinocranial aspergillosis are reported from countries with temperate climates and the high incidence in these regions is probably related to constant exposure to the high spore content of pathogenic Aspergillus species in the 'mouldy' work environment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Isolation of a Nodulisporium species from a case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis.

A fungal infection of the brain of a 55-year-old male patient is reported. The lesion and involved fungus were located exclusively in the right medial temporo-parietal region. The patient was successfully treated with surgical resection of the lesion and antifungal chemotherapy. Few pathogenic dematiaceous fungi exhibit neurotropism and can cause primary infection in the central nervous system (CNS). The etiological agent is described as a Nodulisporium species. To date Nodulisporium has never been reported as an agent of CNS infection in humans.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed2001

Cysts of the central nervous system : a clinicopathologic study of 145 cases.

Non-neoplastic, non-inflammatory cysts of the central nervous system may cause symptoms because of pressure, rupture or secondary inflammation. A total of 145 cases of cysts were reviewed during a study period of 12 years. The clinical details and histological features were noted in all cases. During this period 53 epidermoid cysts, 16 dermoid cysts, 38 colloid cysts, 23 arachnoid cysts, 5 neurenteric cysts, 5 ependymal and glial cysts, 2 Rathke's cleft cysts and 3 unclassified cysts were encountered. The possible histogenesis is also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Neurological intensive care in India--disease spectrum and outcome.

In recent years neurological and neurosurgical intensive care (NNICU) has evolved into a well-recognized subspeciality world over. However it is still a novel concept in the developing world. The admission criteria are variable and flexible. The pattern of disease in the NNICU varies according to the admission policy. In the west, cerebrovascular diseases account for a significant proportion of admissions. In a few studies from the developing countries infections of central nervous system are additional causes requiring intensive care. At our center the disease admission pattern was similar to the pattern reported from the developed countries. Predictors of outcome of neurointensive care have not been systematically evaluated. Limited available data concerns patients of neurotrauma. In addition to the disease severity indices, pre-existing chronic illness, adverse events during ICU stay, and the 24-hour presence of a physician also influence patient outcome in the NNICU.

Critical Care↗
PubMed2001

Animal bite management practices: a survey of health care providers in a community development block of Haryana.

It is seen that outcome of animal bites is influenced by various factors including the treatment procedures practiced by health care providers (HCPs). A cross sectional study of health care providers was conducted during May 2000 in PHC Kurali and Naraingarh town of community development block Naraingarh in district Ambala, Haryana. A total of forty-four HCPs were interviewed at their health facility. They were asked about the qualification and number of years in practice. Health care providers were assessed for their knowledge regarding history taking, immediate management of animal bite, post bite anti-rabies treatment, follow up advice and availability of vaccines. Pre-exposure prophylaxis was known to 18.8% of HCPs. Fifty-nine per cent of HCPs were confident in managing dog bites and 93.1% knew about tissue culture vaccine. Vaccine cost was the commonest barrier (38.8%) in the management of animal bites. This study shows a gross difference between awareness and actual practice of management of animal bites.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Clinical, pathological and magnetic resonance imaging features of focal myositis: report of three cases.

Focal myositis is a rare idiopathic form of inflammatory myositis involving a single muscle. The presentation is often as a soft tissue pseudotumour. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful noninvasive imaging modality to demonstrate focal nature of the lesion. We describe three patients presenting as pseudotumour of the lower leg. MRI showed hyperintense signals in the involved muscle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Aspergillosis of central nervous system: a study of 21 patients seen in a university hospital in south India.

AIM: To study the pattern of central nervous system aspergillosis in a tropical country. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case records of patients with CNS aspergillosis seen by the authors in a university hospital in south India were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients seen during the study period, 16 (76%) patients had intracranial invasion by contiguous spread from paranasal sinuses and one had from ear. Predisposing risk factors were present in two (12.5%) patients with sinocranial aspergillosis and in both patients with disseminated form. Skull bases syndromes were the presenting features in 13 patients, six patients presented with features of intracranial space occupying lesion and two patients had stroke like presentation. CT scans showed intracranial extradural contrast enhancing mass lesions in the anterior, middle or posterior cranial fossa in addition to mass lesions in the paranasal sinuses in 13 patients with sinocranial aspergillosis and in seven orbital lesions. Intracerebral contrast enhancing mass lesion was the CT finding in both the patients with solitary cerebral aspergillus granuloma and in the patient with otocranial aspergillus granuloma. Well-formed granuloma with dense fibrosis was the histological feature in patients with sinocranial and otocranial aspergillosis. Angioinvasion was the pathological feature in both the patients with disseminated form of aspergillosis. Surgical treatment was sub-radical in our series. Survival rates were not good even after surgical and antifungal chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in this part of the world sinocranial aspergillosis is the most common form of histologically verified CNS aspergillosis. Associated predisposing factors and immune status of the host determine the clinical syndrome and type of pathology in patients with CNS aspergillosis.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1999

Characteristics of injuries to the cervical spine and spinal cord in polytrauma patient population: experience from a regional trauma unit.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected trauma database of a Level 1 (tertiary) trauma center. OBJECTIVE: To define the features of the cervical spinal injuries in polytrauma population admitted to the regional trauma unit. SETTING: Canada, Ontario Province, Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center. METHODS: All trauma admissions between 1987 and 1996 entered prospectively into a trauma registry database were studied for incidence, demographic and epidemiological details of cervical spine (cord and column) injuries. RESULTS: A total of 468 patients (66% male) with cervical spinal injury (CSI) from 1198 spinal injuries admitted to the regional trauma center were identified. Seventy-five per cent of the CSI involved were aged less than 50 years; nearly 30% were in the third decade alone. Overall, the commonest spinal level injured was C2 (27%) followed by C5 (22%). Older population (above 60 years of age) had C1 + 2 involved more often than the young (P=0.02). Motor vehicular crashes (MVC) accounted for 71%, followed by pedestrian trauma (10%), sport injuries (7%). Spinal cord injury (SCI) was noted in 27%; complete in 16% and incomplete in 11% and more frequently at C4 or C5 level compared with C1, C2 (P<0.00001); the former level had more often a complete SCI (P=0.06). Though MVC produced 74% of SCI, only 27% had neurological deficits. Recreational trauma produced SCI in 45%, motor cycle crashes (MCC) in 37% and a rear passenger in MVC in 34% that was complete in 78%, 71% and 73% respectively. Front seat passenger and driver in MVC had a C5 level injury while a rear seat passenger had at C4 (P<0.001). The C1 level injury had high association with severe and life threatening head and neck and facial injuries compared with the more frequently injured spinal levels; either C2 (P=0.03) or C5 (P=0.004). Similarly C1 injuries had higher ISS compared with C2 (P<0.0001) and C5 (P<0.008). CONCLUSIONS: C2 was the commonest fractured spine while SCI was more frequent at C5. Older and pedestrian population had higher incidences of injuries at C1 and C2. Sport and MCC resulted in severe SCI. The level of spine injured was different between a front and a rear seat occupant in MVC.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Correction of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome by bone marrow transplantation.

This report describes a child with a severe phenotype of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) who developed progressive disease requiring stem cell transplantation. This severe form of ALPS was associated with a novel Fas gene splice site mutation that resulted in functional deletion of exons 8 and 9. While this child shared many clinical features with previously described ALPS cases, including massive lymphadenopathy and circulating alphabeta+ CD3+CD4-CD8-T cells, his disease progressed despite immunosuppressive therapy to a clinically aggressive oligoclonal lymphoproliferation which resembled a diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. After partial remission was achieved with cytotoxic therapy the patient underwent BMT from an unrelated donor. This is the first reported case of ALPS in which BMT was successfully attempted for correction of a Fas deficiency.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1998

Alkaptonuria presenting as lumbar disc prolapse: case report and review of literature.

Alkaptonuria is a rare genetic disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase, resulting in accumulation of homogentisic acid in various body tissue; it produces a multisystemic disorder with a characteristic bluish-black discolouration of the skin and cartilage, termed ochranosis. Ochranosis primarily involves the large joints of the body including the spine. Spinal involvement produces loss of flexibility and ankylosis of the thoracic and lumbar segments. The clinical presentation with spondylosis and canal stenosis is common after the third and fourth decades, but intervertebral disc prolapse is unusual in ochranosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Plasmacytoma of dens as a cause of atlanto-axial instability.

A case of Plasmacytoma of dens (Odontoid Process) in an adult male managed by trans-oral excision and posterior fusion is reported for its rarity. The importance of neuro-imaging and the treatment options, in view of the associated instability at the atlanto-axial region and the difficulty in preoperative diagnosis are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Spinal epidural haematoma in a patient with haemophilia-B.

Spontaneous spinal epidural haematoma is rare. A case of haemophilia-B presenting with cervical spinal cord compression due to epidural haematoma, is reported. This is the second case in literature, to our knowledge, of intraspinal epidural haematoma in a patient with haemophilia-B. The importance of early diagnosis, especially with magnetic resonance imaging and surgical intervention, when deemed necessary, are emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of upper and lower extremity peripheral nerve injuries in a population of patients with multiple injuries.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, cause, severity, and patterns of associated injuries of limb peripheral nerve injuries sustained by patients with multiple injuries seen at a regional Level 1 trauma center. METHODS: Patients sustaining injuries to the radial, median, ulnar, sciatic, femoral, peroneal, or tibial nerves were identified using a prospectively collected computerized database, maintained by Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, and a detailed chart review was undertaken. RESULTS: From a trauma population of 5,777 patients treated between January 1, 1986, and November 30, 1996, 162 patients were identified as having an injury to at least one of the peripheral nerves of interest, yielding a prevalence of 2.8%. These 162 patients sustained a total of 200 peripheral nerve injuries, 121 of which were in the upper extremity. The mean patient age was 34.6 years (SEM +/- 1.1 year), and 83% of patients were male. The mean injury severity score was 23.1 (+/-0.90), and the mean length of hospital stay was 28 days (+/-1.8). CONCLUSIONS: Motor vehicles crashes predominated (46%) as the cause of injury. The most frequently injured nerve was the radial nerve (58 injuries), and in the lower limb, the peroneal nerve was most commonly injured (39 injuries). Diagnosis of a peripheral nerve injury was made within 4 days of admission to Sunnybrook Health Science Centre in 78% of the cases. Surgery was required to treat 54% of patients. Head injuries were the most common associated injury, occurring in 60% of patients. Other common associated injuries included fractures and dislocations. The present report aims to aid in identification and treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Upregulation of endogenous p53 and induction of in vivo apoptosis in B-lineage lymphomas of E(mu)-myc transgenic mice by deregulated c-myc transgene.

E(mu)-myc transgenic mice carry a constitutively overexpressed c-myc oncogene and develop B-lineage lymphomas. Previous studies have shown that c-myc overexpression can lead to in vitro apoptosis. Here, we investigated the in vivo effects of altered c-myc expression on cell proliferation versus death in spontaneously arising E(mu)-myc tumors. E(mu)-myc tumors display extensive in vivo apoptosis confined to small clusters of cells with greatly increased expression of both the c-myc transgene and the endogenous p53 gene as compared with that in normal, pretumor, or surrounding tumor tissue. This restricted overexpression of both the c-myc transgene and the endogenous p53 gene in small clusters of apoptotic tumor cells indicates that overexpression of these genes and apoptosis are not obligatory or uniform during tumor development and suggests that further somatic mutations or microenvironmental influences may be responsible for these properties. Nevertheless, the clear ability of tumor cells to undergo apoptosis in vivo may be exploitable for therapeutic purposes.

Animals↗