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Biomedical subjects

V S Shashkov

Publications and source records attributed to V S Shashkov.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Combined, local and chemical protection of the body against radiation exposure during space flight].

This paper summarizes studies of the combined protection of dogs exposed to acute high energy proton irradiation at a dose of 400 rad. The chemical radioprotector--mexamine--was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg or administered per os at a dose of 75 mg/kg. During the exposure 14.5% of bone marrow was shielded. The dose behind the shielding was 250 rad. The combined use of mexamine administered per os and partial bone marrow shielding provided better protection, whereas either type of protection applied separately proved inefficient.

5-Methoxytryptamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Partial shielding of the bone marrow as a method of local protection of the body from the effects of cosmic radiation].

This paper reviews existing data on bone marrow partial shielding in animal studies with reference to partial-body protection in space radiobiology and medicine. Analysis of reported data indicates the efficacy of the method to protect animals (including dogs) exposed to gamma-radiation and high-energy protons. Experimental findings that demonstrate the effectiveness of bone marrow partial shielding show that this method may be used for partial-body protection in space flight.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Substantiation of a set of preventive measures applicable to the flight missions of the Saliut orbital station].

The paper describes the effect of exercises, LBNP, controlled water and salt consumption, and drugs used as countermeasures against cardiovascular deconditioning during prolonged (2--7 weeks) head-down bed rest. Each of the above countermeasures applied separately had a limited effect. The use of a combination of exercises, LBNP and water-salt supplements at the final stage of the bed rest experiment made it possible to prevent entirely deterioration of work capacity and decrease of orthostatic tolerance of the test subject. The paper presents the scheme and regimens of the above countermeasures employed to meet the requirements of the flights of the orbital station "Salyut".

Drug Combinations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The action of 9 alpha-fluorohydrocortisone on some aspects of water-electrolyte metabolism in animals].

This mineralocorticoid effect of different doses of the synthetic hormone 9-alpha-fluorhydrocortisone was studied. The introduction of the drug to intact animals per os was found not to produce any sodium-retention effect. A single adminstration of 9-alpha-fluorhydrocortisone causes an intensified excretion of water, sodium potassium with the urine. A course-wise application of the hormone brings about the development of hypokaliemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems and prospects of space pharmacology].

The paper reviews the Soviet and foreign literature on the pharmacological support of manned space flights with emphasis on pharmacological prophylaxis and therapy of adverse effects of the space environment. The paper discusses future development of pharmacological studies as part of space medicine.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative effectiveness of different biologically active compounds during physical loading].

Over 30 drugs and recipes were assessed in 440 provocative bicycle ergometry tests (PWC170) and individual tolerance (IT) tests proposed by the authors in which 63 healthy volunteers participated. In the study the IT test was physiologically substantiated, and performance evaluation based on PWC170, when heart rate influencing drugs were taken, was shown to be incorrect. In the course of normal and forced breathing (gas exchange measurements) quantitative variations of PWC170 were recorded. On the basis of the study the combination of the two tests, having criterion properties and subjected to the rank evaluation, can be recommended as a method for determining physical work capacity and testing drug efficiency. During an exposure to adverse environments or functional, humoral or integrative stresses the following drugs can be prescribed: drugs classified as adaptogens of the USSR flora; multicomponent tonic recipes, containing aminoacids, metabolites, adaptogens, vitamins and metal compounds: recipes containing aminoacids and anabolics as well as low doses of CNS stimulants. It is suggested that pretreatment with aminoacids and anabolics assuring the basal energy potential enhances the effective influence of stimulants on the energy forming capacity and neuromuscular function without nerve cell breakdown in cases of extremely heavy loads and ensuing fatigue.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The stabilization of heat maintenance in the human body by administering sydnogluton].

Sydnocarb plus glutamic acid (sydnogluton) was given in doses from mean therapeutical to large daily doses to volunteers during exercises under the conditions of experimental microgravitation and cold exposures. Clinical and physiological findings, thermo- and spirometric evidence, and biochemical and radioimmunoassays led the authors to the conclusion that sydnogluton showed psychostimulating, thermogenic, and actoprotective effects.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional changes of the cardiovascular system and their pharmacological correction during suited immersion].

In the course of 126 man/exposures of 3 hours to 3 days in duration, in which 39 test subjects took part, circulation responses to the upright and supine body position during suited immersion as well as orthostatic and exercise tolerance after immersion were investigated. During 24 man/exposures for 2 days the subjects were administered per os placebo or one of the four neurotrophic drugs: sydnocarb, sydnogluton, sydstrigluton, estrigluton. Clinical observations, instrumented data and methodical features of the immersion model used give evidence that the suited immersion has advantages over currently used procedures simulating the effects of hypogravity. The drugs allowed cardiovascular correction that increased aerobic capacity of the body and enhanced cardiovascular orthostatic and exercise tolerance.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The problems of the experimental and clinical pharmacology of venotropic drugs].

The article deals with problems of phenomenology of the selective vasomotor response of veins to the effect of drugs, analyses the peripheral and central hemodynamic effects of venotropic drugs, discusses and systematizes the principles of correct quantitative evaluation of venomotor reactions. Some representatives of the group of venotropic drugs are characterized and the main problems of their clinical use are discussed. The problems of promising trends of research are formulated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of neurochemical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of kinetoses and the therapeutic-prophylactic action of drugs].

Experimental and clinical data on the neurochemical and neurohumoral mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and therapeutic and preventive effects of drugs are generalized. Literature data and the authors' own data concerning drugs used for the prevention and treatment of kinetoses are given. The possible mechanisms of their effect against motion sickness are suggested. New ideas of the means of search for substances possessing vestibuloprotective activity, and the principles of rational pharmacological correction of vestibuloautonomic disorders in motion sickness are discussed.

Animals↗