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Biomedical subjects

V S Zhdanov

Publications and source records attributed to V S Zhdanov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Monitoring of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in native and non-native males of Yakutsk over 40 years.

We have analyzed the development of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis over 40 years in native and non-native males of Yakutsk by comparing the data obtained in 1963-1965, 1985-1987 and 2001-2003. The research was carried out in compliance with the WHO program for the atherosclerosis epidemiology studies using autopsy material. Subjects (361 natives and 692 non-natives) included in the research died of external causes at the age of 20-59 years and had no history of chronic diseases, which was confirmed by post-mortem examination. The prevalence and the extent of raised atherosclerotic lesions (fibrous plaques, complicated lesions and calcinosis) in the aorta and coronary arteries were determined by visual planimetry after staining with Sudan IV. An accelerated development of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis was revealed in both populations throughout the entire period of 40 years with more severe manifestations in non-native males. The severity of atherosclerosis increased considerably in native and non-native males aged over 40 years. The rate of the increase in the extent of raised atherosclerotic lesions tended to be greater in native than in non-native males.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on the function and regeneration of myocardium in rats with experimental infarction].

To test the reparative capacity of stromal cells in myocardial infarction, rats were injected with granulocyte-monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (leukomax), a cytokine known by its ability to raise a level of stromal cells in the blood, during first three days after coronary artery ligation. Only 10 of 17 rats (59%) survived 4 weeks in this group compared with 16 of 24 (67%) among rats not treated with leukomax. Echocardiographic and electromanometric studies showed that in both groups ventricular (LV) dilatation which developed during first hours after surgery persisted throughout 6-8 weeks and was combined with decreased ejection fraction and elevated LV end diastolic pressure. These alterations correlated with infarct size which varied from 0 to 28% of left ventricular weight in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in functional and morphometric measurements between groups receiving and not receiving GM-CSF. However this result may be inconclusive due to small number of investigated animals and broad variation of ischemic zone size in each group.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Evolution of atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries in practically healthy men in Moscow for a 40-year period].

AIM: To assess 40 years evolution of atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries among practically healthy Moscow men. METHODS: We compared results of 2 studies of prevalence and extent (area) of atherosclerotic lesions in thoracic and abdominal aorta and 2 main coronary arteries. The studies were conducted in 1963-1965 and 2002-2003 according to WHO program. RESULTS: Prevalence of coronary artery stenoses as well as prevalence and area of raised lesions in these arteries were higher among violent death victims studied in 2002-2003. Raised lesions in both parts of aorta and in left anterior descending coronary artery were more pronounced also in men studied in 2002-2003.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Immunomorphological study of coronary grafts].

Most patients subjected to coronary artery bypass grafting develop graft occlusions in some time after successful coronary surgery. Causes of graft occlusions comprise hyperplasia of intima occurring as a response to release of cytokines and angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is formed in human body with participation of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or chymase. We found high concentrations of ACE in some smooth muscle cells in hyperplasia zone. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells, their hypertrophy and increased synthesis of intercellular space proteins facilitate graft occlusion. Moreover ACE was found in cytoplasm of macrophages infiltrating graft's intima. Thus ACE can be an important contributor to the process of coronary artery bypass graft obstruction.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2005

[Hibernation and stunning as manifestations of ischemic dysfunction of the myocardium].

Hibernation and stunning are phenomena which constitute a basis of dysfunction of the myocardium appearing as a consequence of chronic ischemic heart disease and of myocardial revascularization. Myocardial stunning is an acute derangement of contractility of ischemic myocardium at the moment of restoration of coronary blood flow by various interventions (bypass grafting, angioplasty, thrombolysis). Myocardial hibernation implies presence of chronically developing foci of reduced contractility located in the area of myocardium supplied by obstructed artery. There is a following difference between these phenomena: stunning is a complex of structural and metabolic disorders during the state of "ischemia-reperfusion" while hibernation is a process of adaptation of the myocardium to chronic ischemia consisting in switch of metabolism to alternative type of energy production (anaerobic glycolysis). Exploration of pathophysiology and morphology of hibernating and stunned myocardium is necessary for elaboration of methods of protection against ischemic injury.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

[Inflammatory-immunological cellular reaction in intima of the aorta and pulmonary artery and development of atherosclerosis].

AIM: To assess morphological manifestations of inflammation at initial stages of atherosclerosis development in intima of the aorta and pulmonary artery both in its intact (lipid free) zones and those with lipoidosis. METHODS: Histological, histochemical and immune cytochemical methods with the use of monoclonal antibodies to monocytes/macrophages (CD-11) and T-lymphocytes (CD-4, CD-5, CD-8) were applied for the study of cellular elements in membranous preparations of intima and transverse cross-sections of the aorta and pulmonary artery from 64 apparently healthy persons aged 4 months-49 years who died of accidental causes. RESULTS: Signs of inflammatory cellular reaction (infiltration with monocytes/macrophages) were permanently present in aortic and pulmonary artery intima and progressed with age. This cellular reaction was consistently accompanied by infiltration of intima with mast cells. Compared with intact intima infiltration with lymphocytes/monocytes was more pronounced in zones with lipoidosis where helper-lymphocytes prevailed among T-cells and number of monocytes/macrophages was substantially increased. CONCLUSION: Mononuclear cellular infiltration with participation of mast cells was persistently present in aortic and pulmonary artery intima and obviously preceded its atherosclerotic changes. However there was no straightforward relationship between severity of this reaction and development of atherosclerosis in the aorta and especially in pulmonary artery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Apoptosis and hibernation of cardiomyocytes of periscar zone as factor of chronic cardiac aneurysm progression].

Tissue specimen from chronic aneurysms and adjacent myocardium obtained at aneurysmectomy and coronary bypass surgery from 46 patients were subjected to morphological study. Immunohistochemical methods and electronic microscopy were applied for detection of apoptosis and hibernation of cardiomyocytes in 11 cases and histochemical determination of activity of energetic enzymes succinate and lactate dehydrogenase was used in 5 cases. Cardiomyocytes from peri and intra scar layers of myocardium were found to be in a state of hibernation while some of them were in a state of apoptosis. Extent of apoptosis was different in aneurysms on different stages of organization. Number of altered cardiomyocytes was the greatest in immature aneurysms. Basing on these findings apoptosis of hibernating cardiomyocytes was suggested to be one of factors of expansion of sclerotic zone and aneurysm formation.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2003

[Pathomorphological features of atherosclerotic plaques in acute coronary syndrome].

We studied transverse cross-sections (5 mm apart) of coronary arteries of 45 men and women who died of acute myocardial infarction at the age of 41-79 years. Both stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques were found in all cases. Stable plaques consisted of solid fibrous tissue with small amount of lipids and cellular elements. Unstable plaques were represented by 2 types: lipid (75.6%) and dystrophic necrotic (24.4%). Various degree of inflammatory cellular reaction was present in all lipid plaques. Factors associated with fibrous cap rupture were identified. Lipid plaques were more frequent in subjects with elevated while dystrophic-necrotic - with normal levels of blood lipids (measured during life).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Hyperplasia and degranulation of mast cells in intima of the aorta and pulmonary artery in acute myocardial infarction].

AIM: To study morphological and functional state of mast cells from intima of the aorta and pulmonary artery associated with acute cardiovascular failure due to myocardial infarction. MATERIAL: Vessels of 44 men who died of acute myocardial infarction at the age of 42-73 years. METHODS: Intimal cellular elements were analyzed in membranous preparations of intima and transverse cross-sections of vessels. Parameters studied were density of mast cells (number per unit of intima area), percent of mast cells in the state of degranulation, degree of polymorphism of mast cells. Data obtained in victims of myocardial infarctions were compared with those from apparently healthy persons who died of accidental causes. RESULTS: Intima of both the aorta and pulmonary artery in all cases of myocardial infarction was characterized by: 1. hyperplasia of mast cells (44.9 cells/mm(2) compared with 9.6 in controls); 2. substantially increased number of cells in the state of secretory activity (36.9 cells/mm(2) compared with 4.0 in controls); 3. pronounced polymorphism of mast cells reflecting disturbed balance between processes of degranulation and regranulation. Increased number of mast cells in intima was accompanied by elevated content of various T-lymphocytes and monocytes. Changes of mast cell population in main vessels of the body observed in this study can be considered as reaction aimed at stabilization of circulation in acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The role of mast cell population in aortic intima in development of human atherosclerosis].

AIM: To assess the role of mast cells in development of human atherosclerosis. MATERIAL: Autopsy material (transverse cross-sections of the aorta and membranous preparations of intima) from 53 persons who died of accidental causes. Original method of the study of aortic cellular populations on membranous preparations of intima allowed to analyze character of accumulation of lipids in fatty streaks, as well as changes of mast cells and relative amount of various cellular populations in intact intima and during development of early atherosclerotic lesions. RESULTS: In intact intima mast cells are consistently found, their quantity depends on age and degree of intimal hyperplasia. Density of mast cell population in age groups 17-29 and 30-49 years was 5.8 and 9.6 cells/mm2, respectively. Ratio of mast cells to total amount of lymphocytes and monocytes was 1:6. Two types of fatty streaks ('early' and 'transitional') can be distinguished depending on structure of lipid inclusions and cellular composition. Compared with intact intima 'early' fatty streaks have increased content of lymphocytes and monocytes. Average density of mast cells in early streaks is 12.2 cells/mm2 with ratio of mast cells to total amount of lymphocytes and monocytes 1:11. Development of 'transitional' fatty streaks preceding plaque formation is characterized by signs of inflammation with multifold increase of content of lymphocytes and monocytes and ratio of amount of mast cells to that of mononuclear cells 1:20. Density of mast cells including their degranulating forms is the highest (18.1 cells/mm2) on periphery of 'transitional' fatty streaks while substantially smaller amount of mast cells (3.2 cells/mm2) can be found in central areas of these streaks. CONCLUSION: Mast cells actively participate in atherogenesis, development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Formation of fatty streaks in human aorta is associated with signs of immune inflammation (lymphocytic-monocytic reaction and increased amount of mast cells).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Atherosclerosis in victims of cancer].

Atherosclerotic changes in aortas and coronary arteries of victims of cancer were investigated within framework of 2 epidemiological studies of men aged 20-59 years in Malmo, Prague, Riga, Tallin, Yalta and of women aged 40-59 years in Malmo, Riga and Yalta conducted in 1963-1966 (first study) and 1985-1989 (second study) years. The first study included 763 men and 419 women and the second - 744 men and 293 women with malignancies. Control group comprised practically healthy victims of accidents. Extent of atherosclerosis depended on localization of cancer. Compared with controls men with lung and stomach cancer had greater area of raised lesions in aorta and coronary arteries, those with bowel cancer - in coronary arteries. In women with lung cancer area of raised lesions exceeded that of controls only in aorta. Proportion of lung cancer among all tumors was higher in the second compared with the first study (in men 32.7 and 23.2%, in women 10.6 and 4.8%, respectively). Among victims of lung cancer extent of atherosclerosis was greater in smokers compared with nonsmokers.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiology of ischemic heart disease and characteristics of atherosclerosis in male residents in Yakutsk].

AIM: To study trends in prevalence, risk factors (RF) and mortality of ischemic heart disease (IHD), contribution of RF to risk of death due to IHD and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among male population of Yakutsk; to determine characteristics of atherosclerosis among native male population and migrants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinicopathological epidemiological trial covered male population of Yakutsk. It was performed by standard techniques within the scope of the cooperative program. RESULTS: The analysis of the trends for the last 10 years demonstrates a marked rise in the incidence rates of arterial hypertension (AH), overweight and hypercholesterolemia. CVD mortality reached 38.4% of overall mortality. Such factors as AH, smoking, IHD, ischemic ECG changes and overweight contribute much to the integral risk of CVD death. A comparative morphometric analysis of atherosclerosis development in 1965-1968 and 1985-1988 showed accelerated development of atherosclerosis both among native population and migrants in 1985-1988. There are population differences in development of atherosclerosis in males from native population and migrants. The effects of trace elements on formation of atherosclerosis components in the Far North were evaluated. CONCLUSION: Present-day epidemiological situation in relation to IHD and other CVD necessitates further monitoring of the situation, activation of primary and secondary IHD prevention among population of the Far North.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2000

Hyperplasia of coronary intima in young males in relation to development of coronary heart disease in adults.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the investigation was to study structural features of coronary arteries in young males which may influence the development of stenosing coronary atherosclerosis in older age. We studied the coronary arteries from 84 males, 10-39 years old, who died from accidents in Moscow, Malmo and Riga, and 98 males aged 40 and above from Moscow who died from coronary heart disease (71 cases) or other diseases (27 cases). In children and young males from all three cities, musculo-elastic hyperplasia of the coronary intima took place constantly but with different degrees of expression; a strict relationship of the intimal thickness and age was observed. Histometric investigations of the right coronary artery showed that in young males of Riga, in comparison with those of Malmo, the intima was significantly thicker both outside (69.6+/-2.8 and 58. 2+/-2.5 microm) and within the area of cushion like thickening (118. 8+/-4.0 and 101.9+/-3.8 microm), they had more extended cushion-like thickening of intima (42.6+/-3.0 and 30.8+/-3.3% to the length of the artery circumference) and destroyed parts of the internal elastic lamina (28.3+/-1.9 and 19.1+/-1.7% of its length). In males older than 40 years, severe coronary atherosclerosis and stenosis was also significantly more common in Riga than in Malmo. Our data indicate that with age the intimal musculo-elastic hyperplasia in the coronary arteries is transformed to a fibro-elastic layer. The thickness of this layer in the presence of stenosing plaques (>75% of arterial lumen) was much greater than in the presence of plaques with stenoses less than 50% (188.1+/- 7.3 and 69.8+/-4.5 microm, respectively). CONCLUSION: The development of stenosing coronary atherosclerosis is closely related to the degree of musculo-elastic intimal hyperplasia in childhood and young age. The formation of a fibro-elastic layer in the coronary intima decreases the ability of the artery to dilate during the development of atherosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Development of atherosclerosis over a 25 year period: an epidemiological autopsy study in males of 11 towns.

We conducted an analysis of the data from two epidemiological autopsy studies of atherosclerosis in men aged 20-59 years in 1963-66 (the first study, 7470 cases) and in 1985-88 (the second study, 9600 cases). The investigations were performed in accordance with a special program of the World Health Organization in 11 town populations: Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan), Bishkek (Kirgizstan), Irkutsk and Yakutsk (Russia), Malmo (Sweden), Prague (Czech Republic), Riga (Latvia), Tallinn and Tartu (Estonia), and Kharkov and Yalta (Ukraine). Native and non-native populations were studied separately in Ashkhabad, Bishkek, and Yakutsk. Atherosclerosis was studied by the visual morphometrical method in the descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta and three main coronary arteries. In each vessel the prevalence and extent (percent of intimal surface) of fatty streaks, fibrous plaques, complicated, calcified and also raised lesions (all lesions except fatty streaks) were determined. Coronary stenosis was estimated in arteries as narrowed by more than 50%. Accelerated development of coronary atherosclerosis, especially in the 40-59 year age group, was noted in the second study in the male populations of most towns except Prague and Malmo. In Prague the extent of raised lesions in coronary arteries was practically the same in both studies, in Malmo it decreased in the second study. Aortic atherosclerosis also accelerated the rate of progression in all towns except Prague, where significant differences were not observed between the studies. Accelerated development of atherosclerosis in male populations from towns of Asia was combined with an increase of fatty streaks in all vessels, while in European populations it was not so obvious. In the native populations of Ashkhabad, Bishkek and Yakutsk, atherosclerosis was much less than in non-natives in both studies. In natives of these towns, accelerated development of atherosclerosis begins only from 40 years, in non-natives from 30. For the second study, there was typically an increase of the prevalence and extent of calcified lesions that were combined with an increased prevalence of coronary stenosis in all towns. The average percentage of stenosis in the coronary left anterior descending artery for men of 40-59 years of age was 12% in the first study and 24.9% in the second; for the coronary right artery, 7.4 and 13.8%, respectively. In accordance with findings of more severe atherosclerosis in males in most towns in the second study, there was an increase in the frequency of death from coronary heart disease in the second study in these towns. The data of this study indicate that the development of atherosclerosis in human populations may change very much in the course of the life of one generation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Trends in 25-year evolution of coronary atherosclerosis in males fom some cities of Europe and Asia].

AIM: Detection of changes in the course of coronary atherosclerosis (CA) which took place for 25 years of observation in male population in different cities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Epidemiological surveys of coronary AS by autopsy data according to WHO program were conducted in 1963-1966 (trial 1) and 1985-1989 (trial 2) in 9 cities: Ashkhabad (Turkmenistan), Bishkek (Kirghizia), Irkutsk, Yakutsk (Russia), Riga (Latvia), Tallinn, Tartu (Estonia), Kharkov, Yalta (Ukraine), Malme (Sweden), Prague (Czechia). The surveys enrolled males aged 20-59 years: 7470 males entered trial 1 and 9600 entered trial 2. AS was assessed visually-plan-imetrically in the three major coronary arteries (CA). By the data from Ashkhabad, Bishkek, Irkutsk, Kharkov, Yakutsk, AS in healthy males was also characterized. RESULTS: In 9 CIS countries' cities CS for 25 years has undergone noticeable changes: according to trial 2 atherosclerotic process accelerated, especially in males over 40, in healthy males as well. CA AS had the same features in both trials in Prague and was less pronounced in males from Malme. National differences between native population and immigrants in AS were evident in Ashkhabad, Bishkek and Yakutsk in both trials. In trial 2 CA stenoses were encountered more frequently in all the cities under study. Coronary arteries were more calcified. There was a direct relationship between severity of preatherosclerotic CA changes in young males (20-39-year-old) and speed of AS progression in older males. CONCLUSION: For 25 years there was a tendency to more severe course of coronary AS in CIS countries, in Prague males AS has undergone minimal changes, in Malme the situation with AS severity has improved. Severity of AS in males from different cities and CHD male mortality were correlated.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A comparative analysis of rhythm and conduction disorders in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic myocarditis].

Rhythm and conduction disturbances were compared for 20 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (group 1) versus 20 patients with chronic myocarditis (group 2). The diagnosis was confirmed at coronary ventriculography and morphological examination of left and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies. There were minor differences in the parameters studied I, though supraventricular arrhythmia varied more in group 2. The frequency of ventricular arrhythmia appeared higher in group 2 only in circulatory insufficiency stage 1-IIA. Quantitative differences in ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias between the groups under moderate circulatory insufficiency may result from different morphological changes in the myocardium.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Changes in the course of atherosclerosis occurring over a 25-year period in the male population of 9 cities of the CIS and Baltic countries].

The trends in atherosclerosis presentation were followed up pathomorphologically in a two-stage epidemiological survey performed in 9 cities of CIC and Baltic states at 25-year interval. The investigations were conducted in accordance with WHO program. Stage 1 (1963-1968) covered 6121 cases, stage 2 (1985-1989) included 9201 cases. The material was collected on the condition of aortas and coronary arteries from 20-59-year-old males who were residents of the cities of Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Tallin, Tartu, Riga, Kharkov, Yalta, Ashkhabad, Bishkek. The 2-stage examinations gave evidence for growing severity of atherosclerosis. Risk factor analysis demonstrated an increase in the percentage of males with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, in the percentage of overweight males and of those with atherosclerosis engaged in mental work. It is found that atherosclerosis undergoes changes within the life of one generation (for 20-25 years).

Adult↗