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V Schiller

Publications and source records attributed to V Schiller.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: report of three cases.

BACKGROUND: Metaplastic carcinoma is a rare form of breast carcinoma that often is confused with other benign and malignant entities. The diagnosis can be difficult to establish on both a clinical and conventional histopathologic basis. One report recently described clinical and mammographic features dissimilar to the authors' experience but to the authors' knowledge no other reports have been published. Therefore a review of three cases was undertaken; all patients had undergone mammography to identify and report the mammographic features of this disease, suggesting that imaging may add to the proper diagnosis of this entity. METHODS: Three clinical cases in which the diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma was confirmed and for which mammography was performed were reviewed retrospectively. Follow-up on all three patients was available. RESULTS: Metaplastic carcinoma may be manifest as a well circumscribed mass or an irregular or spiculated mass. The latter always is highly suspicious for malignancy and the former incurs suspicion if it grows, although in this series the smooth mass was biopsied immediately. The spiculated masses were associated with delayed diagnosis and poorer prognosis because immunohistochemical studies were not performed on the original excisional biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Although spiculated masses usually are associated with invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma, they also may represent metaplastic carcinoma and immunohistochemical studies often are required to establish this diagnosis and avoid delay in proper treatment. Well circumscribed masses representing this disease may suggest benign disease but metaplastic carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis, especially if the mass enlarges.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Lack of expression of the tryptase mouse mast cell protease 7 in mast cells of the C57BL/6J mouse.

Although the steady-state level of the mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 7 transcript is below detection in the serosal and mucosal mast cells of the BALB/cJ mouse, the IL-3-dependent, bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC) of this strain and four other strains contain a high steady-state level of the mMCP-7 transcript. To further analyze the expression of this mast cell tryptase, a mMCP-7-specific IgG was obtained by immunizing a rabbit with a 19-residue synthetic peptide that corresponds to its unique amino acid sequence at residues 160 to 178 (anti-mMCP-7(160-178). In a SDS-PAGE/immunoblot analysis of lysates of BALB/cJ mBMMC, anti-mMCP-7(160-178) IgG recognized a diffuse 31- to 36-kDa protein, which shifted to a sharp 27-kDa protein after treatment with N-glycanase. As assessed immunohistochemically, mMCP-7 protein is present not only in the secretory granules of BALB/cJ mBMMC, but also in the ear mast cells of this strain. In contrast, the ear mast cells of the C57BL/6J mouse do not contain detectable levels of mMCP-7 protein, although the ear mast cells of both mouse strains contain mMCP-5 protein. Because mMCP-7 mRNA and protein also were not detected in mBMMC from the C57BL/6J mouse, the failure of the ear mast cells of this strain to express mMCP-7 is most likely a consequence of an intrinsic abnormality in the mast cell-committed progenitor cells themselves, or in the bone marrow microenvironment that induces its mast cell progenitor cells to express this tryptase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC) obtained in vitro from mice that are mast cell-deficient in vivo express the same panel of granule proteases as mBMMC and serosal mast cells from their normal littermates.

The ear, skin, and purified serosal mast cells of WBB6F1/J-(+/+) (WB-(+/+)) and WCB6F1/J-(+/+) (WC-(+/+)) mice contain high steady-state levels of the transcripts that encode mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 2, mMCP-4, mMCP-5, mMCP-6, and mouse mast cell carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). In contrast, no mast cell protease transcripts are present in abundance in the ear and skin of WBB6F1/J-W/Wv (W/Wv) and WCB6F1/J-Sl/Sld (Sl/Sld) mice which are mast cell-deficient in vivo due to defects in their c-kit and c-kit ligand genes, respectively. We now report that the immature bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMC) obtained in vitro with recombinant interleukin 3 (rIL-3) or WEHI-3 cell conditioned medium from WB-(+/+), WC-(+/+), W/Wv, and Sl/Sld mice all contain high steady-state levels of the mMCP-2, mMCP-4, mMCP-5, mMCP-6, and mMC-CPA transcripts. As assessed immunohistochemically, mMCP-2 protein and mMCP-5 protein are also present in the granules of mBMMC from WB-(+/+), WC-(+/+), and W/Wv mice. That Sl/Sld and W/Wv mBMMC contain high steady-state levels of five granule protease transcripts expressed by the mature serosal, ear, and skin mast cells of their normal +/+ littermates suggests that c-kit-mediated signal transduction is not essential for inducing transcription of these protease genes. Because rIL-4 inhibits the rIL-10-induced expression of mMCP-1 and mMCP-2 in BALB/cJ mBMMC, the ability of rIL-4 to influence protease mRNA levels in WC-(+/+) mBMMC and W/Wv mBMMC was investigated. Although rIL-10 induced expression of the mMCP-1 transcript in WC-(+/+) and W/Wv mBMMC, rIL-4 was not able to suppress the steady-state levels of the mMCP-1 transcript or any other protease transcript in these cultured mast cells. Thus, not only do BALB/cJ mBMMC express fewer granule proteases than mBMMC from mast cell-deficient strains and their normal littermates but the subsequent induction of late-expressed proteases in BALB/cJ mBMMC is more tightly regulated by IL-3 and IL-4.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Strain-specific and tissue-specific expression of mouse mast cell secretory granule proteases.

As assessed by RNA blot analyses with gene-specific probes, we report that the perivascular connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) in the ear and skin of BALB/cJ mice contain abundant levels of the mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 7 transcript, in addition to those protease transcripts present in their serosal mast cells (SMCs). High levels of the mMCP-7 transcript also were detected in the ears of WBB6F1/J(-)+/+, WCB6F1/J(-)+/+, WB/ReJ(-)+/+, and WC/ReJ(-)+/+ mice. However, the ears of these four strains and the SMCs from the WCB6F1/J(-)+/+ strain but not the BALB/cJ strain also contained high steady-state levels of the mMCP-2 transcript. The mMCP-2, mMCP-4, mMCP-5, mMCP-6, and mMCP-7 transcripts were not detected in the ears of mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1/J-W/Wv and WCB6F1/J-Sl/Sld mice, indicating that mast cells were the source of these protease transcripts in the +/+ animals. When immunohistochemical analyses of serial sections of ear and skin from WBB6F1/J(-)+/+ mice were performed with anti-mMCP-2 IgG and anti-mMCP-5 IgG, the perivascular CTMCs in these tissues were found to express both mMCP-2 and mMCP-5 in their granules. The prominent expression of mMCP-7 in constitutive perivascular CTMCs indicates that this mast cell has an extended protease phenotype relative to the SMCs of the same strains. Further, the perivascular CTMCs and SMCs of the +/+ strains differ from those in BALB/cJ mice in their prominent expression of mMCP-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

MRI and ultrasound guided interstitial Nd:YAG laser phototherapy for palliative treatment of advanced head and neck tumors: clinical experience.

Interstitial laser phototherapy (ILP) is a technique whereby laser energy is directly applied into tumors at variable depths. This technique is attractive, since it is minimally invasive and carries a low morbidity. It may allow treatment of deep and difficult to reach tumors in the head and neck and other areas when improved noninvasive monitoring techniques of laser-tissue interactions are developed. Recent studies demonstrate, respectively, the efficiency of ultrasound (UTZ) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for real time interstitial needle placement in tumors, identification of vessels, monitoring and quantifying laser-induced tissue damages. We present a case in which a patient with recurrent, metastatic base of skull carcinoma has managed successfully with repeat ILP using MRI and UTZ guidance. Under heavy sedation, needles were placed in the tumor using MRI or UTZ guidance. Tumors were treated with a 600 mum flexible Nd:YAG laser fiberoptic passed through the needles. Laser-induced tissue photoablation was monitored using real time color flow Doppler UTZ or near real time fast spin-echo T2-weighted MRI. Posttreatment fine needle aspiration cytologic study demonstrated the presence of cellular debris and no viable cancer cells. Posttreatment follow-up MRI scans showed significant reduction of tumor size, and positron emission tomography (PET) revealed interval decrease in tumor metabolism. Treatments were accompanied by pain relief and improved functional abilities. ILP has now evolved into minimally invasive outpatient surgical procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Contraindications↗
PubMed1992

Isolation, characterization, and transcription of the gene encoding mouse mast cell protease 7.

A gene that encodes mouse mast cell protease (mMCP) 7 (also known as mouse mast cell tryptase 2) was isolated by genomic cloning with a cDNA that encodes mMCP-6, a tryptase in serosal mast cells. cDNAs encoding mMCP-7 were isolated from a bone-marrow-derived mast cell cDNA library. The mMCP-7 gene spans 2.3 kilobases and contains five exons rather than six, as found in the mMCP-6 and human mast cell tryptase I genes. Comparison of the 5' end of the transcript with the genomic sequence indicated that the region corresponding to the first intron in the mMCP-6 and human tryptase I genes is not spliced during transcription of mMCP-7 mRNA because of a point mutation at the intron 1 acceptor splice site; this results in a 5' untranslated region of 195 nucleotides, which is longer than that of any other known mast cell-specific transcript. mMCP-7 is 71-76% homologous with mMCP-6 and with dog and human mast cell tryptases, and it is the most acidic mast cell protease, with an overall net charge of -10. RNA blot analyses revealed that the mMCP-7 gene is transcribed in bone-marrow-derived mast cells but is not transcribed in mature serosal mast cells or in mucosal mast cell-enriched intestinal tissue of Trichinella spiralis-infected mice. Transcription of the mMCP-7 gene by differentiating bone-marrow-derived mast cells occurred within 1 week of bone-marrow culture but decreased dramatically after 3 weeks. Thus, the mMCP-7 gene displays a number of unusual structural characteristics and is distinctive in its transient and selective expression in immature mast cells maintained in interleukin 3-enriched medium.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

The human serglycin gene. Nucleotide sequence and methylation pattern in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and T-lymphoblast Molt-4 cells.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the 16.7-kb human gene that encodes the peptide core (serglycin) of a secretory granule proteoglycan was determined, thus representing the first proteoglycan peptide core gene to be sequenced in its entirety. The exons, intron 1, and intron 2 comprised 7, 53, and 40% of the gene, respectively. Nineteen Alu-repetitive DNA sequences were interspersed in the gene, accounting for 28% of the total nucleotides in intron 1 and 40% of the nucleotides in intron 2. The nucleotide sequence was then used in an examination of the methylation pattern of the human serglycin gene in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells that contain serglycin mRNA and in T-lymphoblast Molt-4 cells that do not. With polymerase chain reaction methodology, 13 DNA probes of 250-880 base pairs in length were generated that corresponded to unique, non-Alu sequences spaced throughout the entire human serglycin gene. When blots containing genomic DNA digested with HpaII or MspI were examined with these genomic probes, it was discovered that the 5'-flanking region and intron 1 of the serglycin gene in HL-60 cells were both substantially less methylated than intron 2. In contrast, the entire serglycin gene in Molt-4 cells was highly methylated. Because hypomethylated genes generally are transcribed more efficiently than hypermethylated genes, the high level of serglycin mRNA in HL-60 cells probably is a consequence of the low level of methylation of intron 1 and the 5'-flanking region of the serglycin gene in these cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Occurrence with metastatic melanoma to lung.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of surfactant-like material in the alveoli, resulting in part from defective alveolar clearance by macrophages. We present a case of alveolar proteinosis in a patient with malignant melanoma metastatic to lung and discuss possible alteration in macrophage function in the pathogenesis of these two concomitant processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Not Available].

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Animal Population Groups↗