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Biomedical subjects

V Skaug

Publications and source records attributed to V Skaug.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Relation between pathological grading and lung fibre concentration in a patient with asbestosis.

The fibre concentration and extent and severity of fibrosis have been analysed in 48 specimens from the left lung of a patient with asbestosis. Two different methods of fibre analysis were used. The results obtained by transmission electron microscopy were 2-2.5 times higher than those obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Low temperature ashed samples showed on average twice the number of fibres obtained after wet digestion of the samples. The transmission electron microscope detected considerably shorter fibres than the scanning electron microscope. Low temperature ashing produced also shorter fibres compared with the wet digestion procedure. A statistically significant correlation between fibre concentration and the grade of fibrosis was found only for low temperature ashed samples analysed in the transmission electron microscope. When dividing the lung into nine anatomical compartments and pooling the grade of fibrosis and the fibre concentration data within each compartment, an even better correlation was obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Fiber concentration in lung tissue of patients with malignant mesothelioma. A case-control study.

The risk of malignant mesothelioma associated with low-level asbestos exposure is an important unresolved issue today. We have analyzed the asbestos fiber concentration in lung tissue from 14 cases of malignant mesothelioma and 28 case-matched controls by scanning electron microscopy. The cases represent 86% of all mesotheliomas recorded by the Cancer Registry of Norway from the county of Hordaland between 1970 and 1979. Based on 1 million fibers per g of dried tissue as an indicator of cumulated asbestos exposure, the odds ratio (relative risk) was 8.5 (95% confidence limits, 2.3-31.1). Assuming that the risk of malignant mesothelioma is related to mineral fiber concentration in lung tissue, it is concluded that a fiber concentration exceeding 1 million fibers per g of dried tissue is associated with an increased risk of malignant mesothelioma. Furthermore, the results are consistent with a no-threshold response.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mica pneumoconiosis--a literature review.

Sixty-six cases of mica pneumoconiosis have been reported in the literature. Twenty-six of the cases suggest that pneumoconiosis may be caused by pure mica alone. In only six cases the diagnosis was based on clinical examination, radiography, and lung biopsy or autopsy results. In one of these six, doubt was raised by the authors about the purity of the mica exposure. Seven epidemiologic studies have been performed among mica-processing workers, and these studies are all cross-sectional. In addition 30 experimental investigations have been carried out. However, there are no controlled inhalation studies among them. The results from the intratracheal instillation studies do not give a unanimous conclusion as to whether pure mica is fibrogenic or not. Present knowledge suggests that pure mica is moderately toxic and may induce pneumoconiosis. Exposure to mica is usually associated with exposure to other minerals such as quartz and feldspar.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1984

A striking deposition of mineral particles in the lungs of a farmer: a case report.

The object of this study was to analyze mineral particles in lung tissue from a farmer who underwent lobectomy due to a lung tumor and relate these analytical findings to occupational exposure and histopathological and clinical diagnoses. Despite no clear evidence of previous occupational dust exposure, heavy deposits of birefringent particles and slight pulmonary fibrosis were found during histopathological examination. Extracts from the lung tissue were analyzed by electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis for mineral particles. The major components of the dust were identified as mica, talc, and silica. Minor components included asbestos fibers and rutile fibers. Some of these fibers were coated by ferroproteins. Mica, quartz, feldspars (plagioclase), and rutile fibers were found in the soil from the farmer's potato storehouse. Based on these findings it is assumed that the slight pulmonary fibrosis is probably caused by the different mineral particles deposited.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Silicotic lesions of the bone marrow: histopathology and microanalysis.

Silica deposition and characteristic nodular silicotic lesions of the bone marrow, virtually unknown features of silicosis, are described in a case of severe lung silicosis with silicotic granulomas of the liver and spleen. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis confirmed the presence of quartz and feld-spars. The bone marrow lesions included inconspicuous accumulations of silica-containing macrophages, free silica, slight lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, and reticulin fibre formation; and development of slightly larger partly fibrous silicotic nodules, comparable to those of the lung, liver, and spleen. Silicosis must therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of bone marrow granulomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Haemolytic activity of copper as influenced by chelating agents, albumine and chromium.

The haemolytic activity of CuSO4 (0.3 mM) in vitro was reduced in the presence of albumine (5-20 g/l). The presence of D-penicillamine, triethylene tetramine or dimercaptosuccinic acid (0.3 mM) also reduced the copper-induced haemolysis, whereas 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulphonate increased the cytolysis. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) in appropriate concentrations (1 mM), as well as chromic chloride (0.3 mM), reduced the copper-induced haemolysis. Higher concentrations of NEM (2 mM) were ineffective. The results may provide helpful suggestions as regarding the clinical treatment of copper poisoning and Wilson's disease. The results may also be helpful for the understanding of the mechanisms of haemolysis associated with copper intoxication in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

In vitro macrophage cytotoxicity of five calcium silicates.

Five calcium silicate minerals (two naturally occurring and three synthetic compounds) with defined morphology and chemical composition were compared for their cytotoxic and lysosomal enzyme releasing effects on unstimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. One synthetic material, a fibrous tobermorite, was cytotoxic towards the cells, and two naturally occurring wollastonites induced selective release of beta-glucuronidase from the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Occupational asbestos exposure, lung-fiber concentration and latency time in malignant mesothelioma.

Mineral fiber concentration in lung tissue was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in 73 males with malignant mesothelioma and in 36 referents who died of cardio- or cerebrovascular diseases. The investigation showed apparent differences in the median lung-fiber concentration between occupational groups with different levels of asbestos exposure, as judged from their occupational history. Thus the mineral fiber content in human lung tissue provides a useful indicator of cumulative asbestos exposure. There was also a statistically significant difference between the median lung-fiber concentration among mesothelioma cases with unlikely or unknown occupational asbestos exposure and the reference group. The latency times in 42 of the cases with definite or probable occupational asbestos exposure showed a log-normal distribution with a median of 37 years and a range of 19-68 years. No statistically significant correlation was found between the logarithm of the latency time and the logarithm of the lung-fiber concentration.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Hemolytic activity of five different calcium silicates.

Mineral characteristics and the in vitro hemolytic activity of three synthetic and two natural calcium silicates (CaSi) are compared. Hemolysis is higher for the synthetic compounds than for the natural ones. The difference is accentuated by weak ultrasonication of the minerals. No variation was observed within the two groups, including both acicular and fibrous forms. Calcium was released from the minerals during storage in Tris-buffered saline. At the same time, hemolysis decreased, and crystallographic alterations occurred in the leached minerals. Treatment of the CaSi with calcium chelators (EGTA and EDTA) did not change hemolytic activity. An increase was observed when 30 mM calcium was added. Hemolysis is related to specific surface areas and the crystalline structure of the minerals. Calcium may also be a contributing factor.

Calcium Chloride↗
PubMed1981

Amphibole fibers in a taconite mine and in the lungs of the miners.

Fibers of the amphibole mineral series have been demonstrated in the dust from an open taconite ore mine. Though the total dust levels in some places are high, exposures to fibers are below one fiber/cc. The energy dispersive X-ray spectra of the amphibole fibers correspond to those of cummingtonite-grunerite, hornblende, or actinolite. The same type and size distribution of fibers were found during post mortem analyses of lung tissue from two previously exposed miners. The pathological examination revealed an undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of left lung as well as pulmonary fibrosis in one of the cases. In the second case a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of left lung was found along with silicosis.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1981

Inorganic fibers in lung tissue from patients with pleural plaques or malignant mesothelioma.

The concentration of inorganic fibers in the lungs of patients with malignant mesothelioma and pleural plaques has been compared to that of patients without cancer or chronic respiratory diseases. The fiber concentrations have been determined by scanning electron microscopy and given as number of fibers per gram of dried tissue. A statistically significant difference in inorganic fiber content was found between the different groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatal accident resulting from methyl bromide poisoning after fumigation of a neighbouring house; leakage through sewage pipes.

An intoxication after using methyl bromide (CH3Br) in fumigation is reported. The accident resulted in the death of a newborn infant within 12-13 h after exposure, as well as clinical intoxication of the infant's parents. The concentration of bromide ion in the infant's blood was 170 mg l-1 and in the parents blood it was 130 and 110 mg l-1. Autopsy showed that the cause of death was acute pneumonia due to aspiration, most likely resulting from vomiting and aspiration after inhalation of CH3Br. The clinical symptoms of the parents are reported, as well as a brief survey on the kinetics and CH3Br toxicity in animals and humans. Reconstruction of the events prior to the intoxication revealed that the sewage pipes serving the two houses had been sucked empty only 1-2 h prior to the start of fumigation, resulting in an open sewage connection between the houses and permitting CH3Br to leak from the treated house into the house of the affected family.

Female↗