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Biomedical subjects

V Tanphaichitr

Publications and source records attributed to V Tanphaichitr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Penicilliosis-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected child: the first case report in children.

Infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (IAHS) has been found in many systemic infectious conditions with a high mortality rate. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection is a common opportunistic condition among HIV-infected patients in many regions in Southeast Asia. We report the first case of IAHS caused by penicilliosis in an HIV-infected child who presented with cytopenias and recovered promptly after antifungal and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

Plasma amino acid patterns and visceral protein status in users and nonusers of monosodium glutamate.

Free amino acids in plasma and total protein, albumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in serum were determined in two groups of healthy adults consisting of 10 female nonusers and 10 female users of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Users or nonusers of MSG were those consuming or not consuming MSG regularly at their homes for at least 1 y. On the bases of body mass index and serum protein concentrations, each of the two groups appeared to have an adequate protein-energy status. Fasting plasma glutamate concentrations in female nonusers and users of MSG were 22.4 +/- 3.2 and 21.8 +/- 2.0 nmol/mL (means +/- SEM), respectively; these values were not significantly different. These findings indicate that there is no glutamate accumulation in the plasma of MSG users and imply the safety of long-term MSG intake.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Successful prophylaxis of intracranial hemorrhage in infants with severe congenital factor VII deficiency.

During the period 1984-1992, 2 severe cases (1 male, 1 female) of congenital F VII deficiency with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were referred to the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital Bangkok, Thailand at the ages of 1 and 3 months old. They both responded very well to fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion therapy. Subsequently, both had repeated episodes of ICH (repeated ICH) 5 and 6 times, despite the 10-14 days of replacement therapy for each episode and eventually died at the ages of 11 and 13 months. Since September 1996, another 2 severe cases (2 females) of congenital F VII deficiency who had ICH within their first month of life were referred to us. In order to prevent repeated ICH, we started a prophylactic regime after the second episode of ICH, by giving FFP 10 ml/kg twice a week. The average duration of follow up was 21 months (at 8 and 34 months). All of them (aged 14, and 38 months old) are doing well at this time and free from repeated ICH. From this observation, if there is FFP available, this regime is an effective way to prevent repeated ICH in infants with severe congenital Factor VII deficiency.

Blood Component Transfusion↗
PubMed1999

Possible thermogenesis with dexfenfluramine.

Fifty obese patients with a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 were randomized into 3 groups: control (C = 19), placebo (P = 18) and dexfenfluramine (D = 18). A behavioral modification program which included eating habits, exercise, attitudes, social relationships and six steps to lifetime weight control was taught every week. All patients strictly followed the food manual and recorded their behavior, physical activity and food intake every day through 12 weeks. Placebo and dexfenfluramine 30 mg/day were given in a double blind placebo controlled study. The results showed that all 3 groups had significant decreases in rest times and increased activity times (p < 0.05) and significant reductions of the average total daily energy, carbohydrate and fat intake (p < 0.05). They all lost weight. Mean +/- SEM cumulative weight loss was 8.3 +/- 0.7 kg in group D, 3.3 +/- 1 kg, in group P and 2.9 +/- 0.7 kg, in group C. The mean additional weight loss of 5 kg, and 5.4 kg seen with dexfenfluramine being highly significant (p < 0.001) from group P and C most likely due to increased thermogenesis. Significant (p < 0.05) and gradual reduction of biceps, triceps skinfold and per cent body fat were constantly observed only in the dexfenfluramine group. There were no significant differences among the 3 groups regarding blood pressure, heart rate, hematologic, lipids and biochemical profiles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Hemodynamic responses to captopril during splenectomy in thalassemic children.

Splenectomy in beta-thalassemic children is frequently accompanied by perioperative hypertension which occasionally is followed by convulsion. The efficacy of captopril in attenuating the hypertensive response to splenectomy was investigated in 82 thalassemic children. The control group, consisting of 40 patients, received intravenous furosemide (1 mg/kg) preoperatively; whereas, 42 children were randomly allocated into 2 groups to receive oral captopril (0.7 mg/kg) or a combination of captopril (0.7 mg/kg) and furosemide (1 mg/kg) before the operation. Before anesthetic induction, both systolic and diastolic arterial pressures in the captopril and the combined groups were significantly lower than the furosemide group (P < 0.001), whereas, the heart rates in all groups were comparable. Changes in arterial pressure in response to the operation were significantly smaller in the combined group when compared with the other two groups (P < 0.001). Immediate postoperative hypertension requiring additional management occurred in 20 per cent of the furosemide group, and 14.3 per cent in the other two groups. One patient in the combined group had a convulsion in association with hypertension. The authors conclude that captopril combined with furosemide effectively controls intraoperative hypertension in thalassemic children undergoing splenectomy; however, postoperative hypertension remains common, and needs appropriate treatment immediately.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Global assessment of nutrition risk factors in the elderly.

Global assessment of nutrition risk factors in the elderly consists of subject's history, physical examination, and laboratory tests, which are the indispensable mode to establish definite nutritional disorders. This is illustrated in a study of 150 free-living elderly Thais participating in the Global Assessment of Nutritional Risk Factors in the Thai Elderly. They consisted of 50 men and 100 women, aged 60-86 years and were an affluent urban population. Diet-related chronic diseases including overall obesity, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were the major nutritional problems affecting their life and well-being. Thus appropriate nutritional intervention must be provided to improve their impaired health status.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Dyslipidemia in urban Thais.

Serum lipid profiles were determined in 2,703 male and 792 female officials of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), aged 35-54 yrs, and 519 Ramathibodi Hospital Staff (RHS) consisting of 66 men and 453 women, aged 19-61 yrs. They are affluent-urban Thais. Mean serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels in EGAT officials were higher than those in RHS with the same sex, whereas the opposite result was observed for their serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Men also showed higher serum TC, LDL-C, and TG but lower HDL-C levels than women. The major type of dyslipidemia in EGAT officials and RHS was hypercholesterolemia due to elevated serum LDL-C levels, but the elevated LDL-C level in RHS was less severe than that in EGAT officials. Besides, the prevalence of serum HDL-C level of 1.55 mmol/L, a negative risk factor for coronary heart disease, in RHS was higher than that in EGAT officials. The mean percentages of dietary fat-calories consumed by EGAT officials and RHS were 39% and 31%, respectively. Thus it is plausible that dietary fat intake influences their serum lipid levels. The beneficial effects of linoleate intake on serum lipoprotein profiles are illustrated in RHS.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Collection of cord blood stem cells for transplantation in thalassemic patients.

Thalassemia is widely distributed throughout the world and is one of the major public health problems. The use of bone marrow transplantation, the only curative therapy for thalassemia, is limited because less than 30% of the patients have unaffected and HLA-identical siblings as donors. Cord blood stem cells, an alternative source of stem cells for transplantation, have been successfully transplanted into patients with several diseases after myeloablative therapy. Twenty cord blood samples from unaffected neonates whose siblings had severe thalassemia were collected. The median volume was 80 ml. The median number of cells and colony forming units-granulocyte-macrophage in cord blood was 9.2 x 10(8) and 3.4 x 10(5), respectively. Four of 20 cord blood samples had HLA-matched to the affected siblings. One patient underwent cord blood transplantation with success; one patient is waiting for transplantation.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1994

Nocturnal physiological and biochemical changes in sudden unexplained death syndrome: a preliminary report of a case control study.

Sudden nocturnal deaths among "healthy" workers in Southeast Asia have been termed "sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS)" or "sudden unexplained death syndrome (SUDS)". The pathogenesis is still unknown. The paucity of publications on nocturnal monitoring and scientific data stimulated us to perform this study, which included biochemical tests and physiological monitoring during the night in 11 males north-eastern Thai workers. Group 1 (G1) consisted of 5 subjects with neither a previous history of near-SUDS (NSUDS) nor a familial history of SUDS (FHSUDS). Group 2 (G2) consisted of 6 subjects with a family history of either SUDS or NSUDS. Two subjects in G2 presented with NSUDS. Two-day nocturnal monitoring included blood sugar, electrolytes, and respiratory parameters. 24-hour Holter ECGs were monitored for 2 days. The subjects underwent exercise stress tests on the 2nd day of this study. Significant nocturnal hypoxia was more common in G2 than G1 and this abnormality was aggravated by exercise. There were no significant findings in sleep apnea (apnea indices) or in nocturnal biochemical changes, eg blood sugar, electrolytes, thiamine. The recordings of the Holter-ECGs were within normal limits in both groups. We conclude that nocturnal hypoxia might be the primary abnormality in SUDS, and this abnormality was aggravated by the day-time exercise. The cause of nocturnal hypoxia requires further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of vegetable oil intake on erythrocyte physical properties and hemorheology.

Effects of vegetable oil intake on red cell physical properties and blood flow condition were evaluated. The study was done on two groups of volunteers taking either soybean oil (6 volunteers) or palm oil (another 6 subjects) for a period of eight weeks. The continuous effects were followed up after continuing the vegetable oil intake for another four weeks. Significant reduction in red cell deformability was demonstrated by laser diffractometry in both groups. The palm oil had greater extent in causing reduced red cell deformability as early as four weeks after the oil intake, whereas, such effect was shown in eight weeks after the soybean oil intake. The reducing effect of red cell deformability by palm oil intake was more obvious than that by the soybean oil intake as indicated by the fall of deformability index from the control by 47.6 per cent in palm oil and 21.9 per cent in the soybean oil group. The decrease still persisted and could be investigated on the four weeks' followup. The hematologic parameters measured by the laser-based instrument, the H*1 analyser were all within the normal ranges in both groups. However, the group taking soybean oil showed decreasing hemoglobin levels, which may be a physiological response to facilitate blood flow condition. The platelet volume was increased in both groups, indicating the possibility of adjustment of thrombopoiesis in the subjects although no clinical indication related to this finding was shown. In conclusion, intake of vegetable oil had an effect on red cell deformability. Soybean oil had an advantage over palm oil in having less effect on reducing the red cell deformability.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Postprandial glucose and insulin responses to various tropical fruits of equivalent carbohydrate content in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The plasma glucose and insulin responses were determined in 10 NIDDM female patients following the ingestion of tropical fruit containing 25 g of carbohydrate. The five tropical fruits were pineapple, mango, banana, durian and rambutan. Blood was drawn at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The results showed that the glucose-response curves to mango and banana were significantly less than those to rambutan, durian and pineapple (P less than 0.05). Only the glucose area after mango ingestion was significantly less than the glucose areas of the other fruits (P less than 0.05). The insulin response curve and insulin area after durian ingestion was statistically greater than after ingestion of the others. We concluded that after mango ingestion, the glucose area was lower than it had been after rambutan, durian and pineapple ingestion and the insulin area was lower than that after durian ingestion of equivalent carbohydrate content in type 2 (NIDDM) diabetes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Essential fatty acid status in southern Thai preschool children.

Essential fatty acid (EFA) status was assessed in 15 Southern Thai preschool children. The mean (+/- SD) serum linoleate (18:2 n-6), arachidonate (20:4 n-6), linolenate (18:3 n-3), eicosapentaenoate (20:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoate (22:6 n-3) percentages in the preschool children were 21.7 +/- 4.0, 6.0 +/- 1.2, 0.4 +/- 0.1, 1.2 +/- 0.8, and 4.4 +/- 1.3, respectively. Since EFA composition of total serum lipids in healthy children are not available and age and sex do not largely influence these parameters, the results of the preschool children were compared with those of 10 healthy Bangkok adults. The corresponding figures of the aforementioned fatty acids in adults were 34.9 +/- 8.5, 4.6 +/- 1.5, 0.8 +/- 0.4, 0.5 +/- 0.4, and 1.6 +/- 0.8, respectively. The data indicate linoleate and linolenate depletion in the preschool children. This was due to their low fat intake and lack of consumption of vegetable oil rich in linoleic and linolenic acids. Their high serum arachidonate percentage was probably due to the increased conversion of 18:2 n-6 to 20:4 n-6 in the presence of linolenate depletion. The significantly higher serum 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 percentages in the preschool children should be due to direct consumption of these two n-3 fatty acids from fish intake.

Arachidonic Acid↗