PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

V Urbánek

Publications and source records attributed to V Urbánek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemias with cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone may cause permanent oligoasthenozoospermia or amenorrhea in middle-aged patients.

The aim was to follow-up gonadal functions in long-term survivors of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) after intensive chemotherapy based on high-doses of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and anthracyclines in the study UHKT-911. Adult patients were treated with at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy including 1-3 courses of Ara-C 10 x 2000 mg/m2/12 h and daunorubicin (DNR) 2 x 45 mg/m2/d. Spermiologic examinations were performed in 7 men by the classic microscopic method and results were evaluated according to the WHOcriteria. Two patients (42- and 47-year-old) after DNR and Ara-C chemotherapy had nearly normal spermiologic findings. The semen of a 49-year-old patient contained normal numbers of spermatozoa with decreased velocity when examined 1 year after chemotherapy but 4 years later exhibited oligoasthenozoospermia. The patient received 4 cycles of Ara-C and DNR plus one cycle with etoposide 350 mg/m2 and mitoxantrone 30 mg/m2. Semen examination of two patients 55- and 59-year-old showed permanent oligoasthenozoospermia with only sporadic progressively motile spermatozoa which might not be compatible with fertilization by sexual intercourse. They received the same chemotherapy including cumulative doses of etoposide 500 mg/m2 and mitoxantrone 36 mg/m2. Semen of two patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation exhibited severe oligoasthenozoospermia with no motile spermatozoa. Permanent amenorrhea developed in two women (42- and 46-year-old) during chemotherapy with DNR, Ara-C, etoposide, and mitoxantrone which was not the case in three women (29-40 years old) treated without etoposide and mitoxantrone. Intensive chemotherapy with high-doses of Ara-C and DNR plus one cycle of etoposide and mitoxantrone may cause permanent gonadal dysfunction in middle-aged patients with AML.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Personality and characteristics of couples in infertile marriage].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the basic personality and couple characteristics of men and women from infertile marriages. DESIGN: Research psychodiagnostical study. SETTING: Institute of Sexology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Iscare IVF, Prague. METHODS: 38 couples applying for assisted fertilization were psychologically examined by standard psychodiagnostical methods. RESULTS: Men and women from infertile couples displayed moderate anomal behavioral characteristics, men from these couples are more neurotic than general population, women display more anxiety and social desirability. The relations in these marriages are not substantially disturbed and are even less conflictuous and the consistency of the male and female roles is even better than in general population. Men from infertile couples are perceived by themselves as well as by their wives as less masculine. CONCLUSION: In men and women from examined couples there were no serious personality anomalies and the relations in these marriages were not substantially disturbed by infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Immunologically conditioned fertility disorders in men--experience of the immunobiological department of the Institute for Maternal and Child Care].

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the results obtained from the more than ten-year systematic monitoring of the contribution of immunopathological mechanisms to the ethiopathogenesis of fertility disorders in men. DESIGN: A summarising retrospective study. SETTING: Mother and Child Care Institute, Prague. METHODS: The data source is a selected group of a total of 3,800 couples, who were examined in the Immunobiological Department (ID) of the Mother and Child Care Institute (MCCI) in Prague- -Podolí for fertility disorders in the past. From among the laboratory quantities, the following ones were systematically monitored: a) sperm parameters; b) cell-mediated immunity against spermatozoa; c) the presence of anti-spermatozoa auto-antibodies attached to spermatozoa; d) in a part of the clinical group, the serum concentrations of FSH, testosterone, SHBG and the free androgen index (FAI) were monitored. RESULTS: After selection was made according to defined criteria, the group comprised of a total of 1,680 men, of whom 49.4% were normozoospermic and 50.6% suffered from some form of seminal pathology. Increased cell-mediated immunity against spermatozoa was identified in 10.2% of fertile men, in 18.5% of normozoospermic men and in 66.3% of azoospermic men. In asthenozoospermic and teratozoospermic men, the increased cell-mediated immunity against spermatozoa was identified in 48.3% and 53.1% of them, respectively. The auto-antibodies attached to spermatozoa were identified in 3 out of every 42 fertile men (7%), while in asthenozoospermic men, it was a total of 21% (IgA antibodies) and 22% (IgG antibodies). As concerns the concentration of free androgens (FAI) in the serum, there was no difference among the individual subgroups of men. In oligoasthenozoospermic men, FSH was significantly higher on the average in comparison with normospermic men. CONCLUSION: The significantly higher incidence of increased cell-mediated immunity against spermatozoa in men with a pathological spermiogram in comparison with the control group (fertile men and normozoospermic men) indicates that cell-mediated immunity participates in the pathogenesis of seminal pathologies.

Androgens↗
PubMed2002

[Role of sperm antibodies and cellular autoimmunity to sperm in the pathogenesis of male infertility].

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis of relationship between sperm pathology and elevated humoral and/or cell-mediated antisperm autoimmunity in male partners from infertile couples. DESIGN: Analytic study. SETTING: Department of Immunobiology, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague. METHODS: Sperm samples were evaluated according to WHO rules. Sperm-bound antisperm autoantibodies (ASA) were determined by SpermMar Test (FertiPro N. V., Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium). For evaluation of cell-mediated antisperm autoimmunity (CMAA) the authors used their own modification of migration-inhibition test (Dimitrov et al., J. Immunol. Methods 154: 147, 1992). RESULTS: The pool of men was divided into groups according to the result of sperm examination: normozoospermia (740 men), asthenozoospermia (244), teratozoospermia (191), oligoasthenozoospermia levis (61), oligoasthenozoospermia gravis (29), oligoteratozoospermia (82), and azoospermia (54). Subgroup of fertile men (32) consisted of normozoospermic men--fathers of child younger than 3 years. Percentage of sperm-bound ASA-positive samples was significantly higher in asthenozoospermia in comparison with normozoospermia in both IgA (20.8% versus 10.6%) and IgG classes (13.8% vs 6.8%). Positivity of CMAA was significantly more frequent in group of asthenozoospermic (52%) than in normozoospermic (28.5%) and fertile (12.5%) men. CONCLUSION: Antisperm autoimmunity, namely its cell-mediated form, appears to play a significant role in impairment of spermiogenesis. Sperm-bound autoantibodies were found more frequently in asthenozoospermia, but also in some men with normozoospermia they may impair fertility.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2002

[Spermiologic parameters in Czech men from 1950 to 1984 (analysis of data from the archives of the Sexology Institute of the First Medical School of Charles University and the General Medical School Hospital in Prague].

Reports maintaining that sperm concentration in male ejaculates had decreased markedly over the past decades captured mind-share all over the world. However, literary data diverge about such a lasting trend. Our objective has been to contribute to the ongoing debate by presenting results of our own research. We have studied semen analyses of 5,363 men who had been tested at an outpatient care unit of the Prague Institute of Sexology between 1950 and 1984. These semen analyses measured volume of the ejaculate, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and a share of sperms with morphological abnormalities. None of these values showed statistically significant deterioration among seven groups of patients, each spanning five years. Therefore, our data did not confirm the above-mentioned lasting trend in semen analysis values. Research teams from all over the world have recently attracted a lot of attention by reporting a no-table decrease over the past decades in sperm concentration in the male ejaculates. However, literary data diverge about such a lasting trend. Our objective has been to contribute to the ongoing debate by presenting results of our own research. We have analysed semen tests filed in the archives of the Institute of Sexology at the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University. We have studied a set of 5,363 men who had undergone their first sperm analysis between 1950 and 1984. We have gathered our data from medical records, using a uniform pattern of investigation. The set was divided into seven five-year groups based on the year of the first analysis. Volume of the ejaculate: The groups showed the following average volume of the ejaculate: 3.9-3.8-3.8-3.8-3.8-3.7-3.7 (ml). Neither the distribution nor the mean value of this variable has changed much over time. Sperm concentration: The groups showed the following mean sperm concentration: 32.9-42.3-56.2-57.9-72.2-70.8-72.3 (million per ml). It is obvious from these results that the mean sperm concentration increased over time in our set. Sperm motility: The groups showed the following mean sperm motility: 34.7-46.4-53.3-57.7-59.6-58.5-58.2 (per cent). Sperm morphology: The share of ejaculates with a high percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm cells has not grown much. Our data did not confirm the hypothesis that sperm analysis results have been gradually worsening. We have not found deteriorating trends in any of the sperm quality measures in the five-year intervals between 1950 and 1984. Although our results cannot close the debate about purported deterioration of sperm analysis results, they seem to indicate that we should take reports of universal decrease in sperm concentration in the seminal fluid with a grain of salt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Josef Hynie (1900-1989)--100 years since the birth of the founder of Czechoslovak sexology].

The anniversary of one hundred years from the birth of Josef Hynie, the renowned professor of Charles' University and pioneer of medical sexology, is an impulse for thinking again about his lifelong successful creative activities, namely clinical, scientific, publication, teaching and sexual-educational activities. At the Faculty of Medicine in Prague Hynie enforced and built the first university sexological institute in the world and achieved its general recognition. With the team of his pupils for years he integrated the behavioral and reproduction aspects of the branch and thus predetermined its wide conception also for the future generations of Czech sexologists. In 1981 Hynie's efforts were crowned by definitive inclusion of medical sexology into the Czechoslovak health care system of that time. The authors pay attention also to his unforgettable, excellent character traits. The biographical treatise is framed up in an authentic remembrance of MUDr. Jaroslava Pondĕlícková-Maslová, his colleague for many years, and enlivened by photographs of that period.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment of gynecologic inflammations in Frantiskových Lázních Health Spa].

In 36 patients treated on account of chronic inflammations of the genitals a check-up examination was made 5 to 6 months after termination of spa treatment. Attention was paid to the gynaecological palpation finding, the mental state of the patients and their sex life. It was found that the palpation finding improved markedly or became normal (p < 0.0001). The values of Zung's self-assessment anxiety scale SAS were significantly more favourable (p < 0.001). Almost 40% of the examined women (14 probands) reported improvement of sex life. Treatment of chronic gynaecological inflammations in Frantiskovy Láznĕ is thus effective and helps affected women.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Psychologic causes of erectile dysfunction].

The authors discuss the most frequent psychological causes of impaired erectility. The most important psychogenic factors for the development and persistence of erectile impairment is in their opinion anticipative anxiety, performance orientation, the partner's negative reaction to rare failure, the observer's attitude, antisexual upbringing, monotony of sexual intercourse, persisting sexual myths and unsuitable attitudes, impaired communication of the couple, different sexual preferences,psychic and sexual traumas and pathological mental conditions. However, as personality characteristics of the patient and the quality of his partnership may play a decisive part in the development of this disorder the authors feel that it is a mistake to confine the diagnosis and treatment only to the area of sexual reactivity and sexual behaviour.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of treated genital cancer on sexual functions of the woman].

By means of a structured interview and four questionnaires (Heterosexual development of woman, Sexual activity of woman, Sexual function of woman and Questionnaire N5 which evaluates the presence and intensity of neurotic symptoms) the authors examined 163 women following treatment of a malignant tumor of the genitalia. The examination was made during balneological therapy in a spa. Their age varied between 20 and 63 years. The feeling of female inferiority was recorded roughly in every eighth proband. Deterioration of sexual function of varying extent affected every second patient. Changes in emotional relations between couples (partners) were more favourable than in sexual life. Emotional and sexual relations improvement was recorded in every fifth and eleventh woman compared with the state before the illness. Husbands or partners of the patients had great understanding and were very tolerant. In the author's opinion it is a pleasant surprise that one quarter of the patients perceived the associated stress only as medium or even small stress. A general change (deterioration) of sexual intercourse correlated directly with subjectively perceived stress. The investigation revealed also that women treated on account of malignant tumors of the genitalia on the territory of former Czechoslovakia have practically no contacts with specialists in sexual rehabilitation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

[Personality characteristics of men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction].

Based on psychological examination of 47 males with the diagnosis of psychogenic erectile dysfunction, the following personality characteristics were defined by the authors as typical of these patients: 1. a high level of anxiety and neuroticism, 2. reduced masculinity in the partnership, 3. normal heterosexual development and preserved libido associated with markedly substandard sexual function at present. Judging by the results obtained, the authors believe that the confining the diagnostic and therapeutic approach exclusively to the issue of sexual reactivity would be too much of a simplification in these patients, considering their distinct personality and partnership components.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Sexuality in women after treatment of malignant genital tumors].

Using a structured interview and four questionnaires (Heterosexual development of woman, Sexual activity of woman, Sexual function of woman and questionnaire N5 which is used to evaluate the prevalence and intensity of neurotic symptoms, the authors examined 163 women after treatment of a malignant tumour of the genitalia. The examination was made during balneological therapy in a spa. Their age varied between 20 and 63 years. The feeling of female inferiority was recorded roughly in every eighth proband. Deterioration of sexual function of varying extent affected every second patient. Changes in emotional relations between couples (partners) were more favourable than in sexual life. As regards emotional and sexual relations improvement was recorded in every fifth and 11th woman resp., as compared with the state before the illness. Husbands or partners of the patients had great understanding and were very tolerant. In the authors' opinion it is a pleasant surprise that one quarter of the patients perceived the associated stress only as medium or even small stress. A general change (deterioration) of sexual intercourse correlated directly with subjectively perceived stress. The investigation revealed also that women treated on account of malignant tumours of the genitals on the territory of former Czechoslovakia have practically no contacts with specialists in sexual rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Correlation of asthenozoospermia with increased antisperm cell-mediated immunity in men from infertile couples.

To investigate whether cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against sperm and/or antisperm circulating antibodies are associated with poor semen quality, a leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed in groups of men from infertile couples, men from fertile couples and sperm donors. Twenty-five of 102 men (25%) revealed positive CMI against sperm and 10 (10%) had positive antisperm antibody titers in their sera. Fifteen of 28 asthenozoospermic men (53%) from infertile couples revealed positive antisperm CMI. The incidence of antisperm CMI was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the infertile men with asthenozoospermia compared with the men from the other two groups (men from fertile couples and sperm donors). No significant differences between migration indices were seen when such a comparison was done for oligoasthenoterato- and teratozoospermics. The results indicate that increased antisperm CMI is associated with asthenozoospermia in a significant number of men from infertile couples. The importance of these findings is discussed.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1994

[Psychosexual reactions in women after treatment of breast carcinoma].

Within the framework of a more extensive investigation of a group of women after treatment of a malignant breast tumour the authors paid also attention to their psychoesexual reactions. 119 probands were divided with regard to the type of their answers into three sub-groups: A - sthenic reaction (n = 35, i.e. 29.4% of the group), B - asthenic reaction (n = 55, 46.2%) and C - escape reply (n = 29, 24.4% of the group). The above sub-groups were compared, using the final score of four questionnaires (Heterosexual development of woman, Sexual activity of woman, Sexual function of woman and N5 questionnaire of neuroticism). The sub-group of women with the asthenic type of reaction was, as compared with the other two sub-groups, much more neurotic which in the authors' opinion indicates the need of professional psychotherapeutic care along with basic oncological treatment. As expected, in the examined group as a whole poor values were recorded in the questionnaires on sexual activity and sexual function. The values recorded in the three sub-groups with different psychosexual reaction, however, did not differ significantly.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

[Sexual function in women with breast carcinoma in relation to the time interval after mastectomy].

Within the framework of more extensive research in a group of women after treatment of breast cancer the authors paid attention also to changes of sexual function in relation to the time which elapsed after ablation (modified radical mastectomy). 151 patients replied to the question pertaining to changes of the general status of sexual intercourse after treatment of carcinoma, as compared with the year preceding establishment of the diagnosis. With regard to their replies the probands were divided into four sub-groups: A-paradoxical improvement of sexual life (n = 12, 7.9% of the group, mean age 42.3 years), B-sexual life unaltered (n = 82, 54.3%, mean age 45.1 years), C-slight sexual dysfunction (n = 32, 21.2%, mean age 46.0 years), and D-severe sexual dysfunction (n = 25, 16.6% of the group, mean age 48.3 years). Attention was focused on the time intervals: under one year, 1-2 years and more than 2 years after operation. In addition to an analysis of changes in sexual function the authors compared also the neuroticism of different subgroups assessed by means of a N5 questionnaire. Rather surprisingly the authors proved a significantly more frequent deterioration of sexual function in patients after a prolonged interval following operation. This relationship applies even when the age factor of probands is eliminated. The significantly highest ratio of women with a marked neurotic symptomatology was found in patients with slight sexual dysfunction (subgroup C).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The impact of breast cancer treatment on sexual functions of the woman].

By means of a structured interview and four questionnaires (Heterosexual development of woman, Sexual activity of woman, Sexual function of woman and Questionnaire N5 which evaluates the presence and intensity of neurotic symptoms) the authors examined 154 women following treatment of a malignant breast tumour. During the examination which took place during spa treatment the age of the probands was 26-67 years. The most frequent adverse subjective sensations were problems of nakedness when seen by healthy women, when "seeing themselves" and when seen by the husband (partner). Changes in emotional relations between partners were more favourable than in sexual life. Emotional as well as sex life improved in every fourth and more than in every 13th woman, as compared with the status before the disease. Men were quite tolerant. Fears and the degree of neuroticism corresponded with the deterioration of sexual function. Two-fifths of the women were interested in a reconstruction operation of the breast, however, only one in 40 of the group the operation was implemented or planned.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[Sexuality in women after treatment of malignant breast tumors].

By means of a structured interview and four questionnaires (Heterosexual development of woman, Sexual activity of woman, Sexual function of woman and Questionnaire N5 which evaluates the presence and intensity of neurotic symptoms) the authors examined 154 women following treatment of a malignant breast tumour. During the examination which took place during spa treatment the age of the probands was 26-67 years. The most frequent adverse subjective sensations were problems of nakedness when seen by healthy women, when "seening themselves" and when seen by the husband (partner). Adverse feelings developed most frequently during the first week after operation. The adaptation was worst in women aged 40-44 years. Changes in emotional relations between partners were more favourable than in sexual life. Emotional as well as sex life improved in every fourth and more than in every 13th woman, as compared with the status before the disease. Men were quite tolerant. Fears and the degree of neuroticism corresponded with the deterioration of sexual function. Two-fifths of the women were interested in a reconstruction operation of the breast, however, only one in 40 of the group the operation was implemented or planned.

Adaptation, Psychological↗