[Action of exposure to extreme factors on the human hearing function].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V V Diskalenko.
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A detailed audiological examination of 84 specially selected patients was performed. They had Meniere's disease without any audiometric changes in the so-called normal ear. The hearing function was characterized on the basis of threshold tonic audiometry, ultrasound sensitivity, lower limit of perceived sound frequencies, hearing discomfort level, dynamic range of the hearing field, and intelligibility of low voice speech masked by noise. It was demonstrated that all patients with Meniere's disease on the side of the so-called normal ear, where no symptoms of hearing insufficiency can be detected by routine audiometry, showed hearing impairment: their discriminatory capacity of low voice speech masked by noise significantly decreased giving evidence for bilateral hearing problems involved in Meniere's disease.
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This paper presents the results of audiological examinations of 76 patients, aged 18 to 60 years, with adhesive nonperforative otitis media. The hearing function was measured in terms of threshold tonal audiometry, ultrasound hearing sensitivity, lower limit of sound frequency perception, discomfortable loudness, dynamic range of the hearing field, speech intelligibility in the masking noisy environment. In 30% of cases hypoacusis accompanying adhesive otitis media showed symptoms that were similar to those of hypoacusis resulting from inner ear pathologies (descending audiometric curves with high hearing thresholds related to bone conduction and small bone-air interval, high thresholds of ultrasound perception, normal lower limits of sound frequency perception and positive recruitment). Study of speech intellibility in a masking noisy environment can be a good test for the diagnosis of adhesive otitis media, including the cases aggravated with secondary cochlear neuritis. The pathognomonic parameter is good speech intelligibility in both silent and noisy environments.
Comprehensive audiological examinations of 69 patients with neurosensory hypoacusis of noise origin have shown that many modern audiological tests fail to discriminate advanced hypoacusis from neurosensory disorders of different nature. In this situation an adequate diagnostic approach is to investigate low voice speech in a noisy environment which may help identify hypoacusis of noise origin that manifests itself in the presence or absence of competing noise.
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