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Biomedical subjects

V V Gavrilov

Publications and source records attributed to V V Gavrilov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Choice of the method of video-thoracoscopic esophagectomy].

Video-thoracoscopic esophagectomy was performed in 51 patients including 25 patients with esophageal cancer, 18 -- with cicatricial stenosis of the esophagus and 8 -- with esophageal achalasia of stage IV. Video-thoracoscopic esophagectomy and laparotomy for gastroplasty may be performed simultaneously with 2 surgery teams that reduce time of surgery. Simultaneous thoracoscopic and transhiatal approaches to the esophagus permit avoiding conversion in severe periesophagitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Fos expression and task-related neuronal activity in rat cerebral cortex after instrumental learning.

Learning has been shown to induce changes in neuronal gene expression and to produce development of task-specific neuronal activity. The connection between these two features of neuronal plasticity remains of a great interest. To address this issue we compared distribution of c-Fos expressing and task-related neurons in the rat cerebral cortex following instrumental learning of appetitive lever-press task. The number of Fos-positive neurons was determined immunohistochemically in the retrosplenial and the motor cortex of naive ("control" group), newly trained ("acquisition" group) and overtrained ("performance" group) animals. A significant activation of c-Fos expression was observed in the neurons of the retrosplenial but not motor cortex in the "acquisition" group rats, as compared with the "control" and "performance" groups. In accordance with this c-Fos expression difference, the retrosplenial cortex of the trained animals contained significantly more neurons with lever-press-related activity than the motor cortex. Therefore, the two examined cortical areas showed a parallel between experience-dependent induction of c-Fos and development of task-related neuronal activity. These data support a notion that learning-induced activation of c-Fos is associated with long-term neurophysiological changes produced by training.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Discharge correlates of hippocampal complex spike neurons in behaving rats passively displaced on a mobile robot.

This study investigated location-, movement-, and directional-selectivity of action potential discharges of hippocampal neurons in awake rats subjected to passive displacements in order to estimate vestibular contributions to this activity. Water-deprived rats were habituated to being restrained in a sling mounted on a moving robot. The extracellular activity of single complex-spike cells in area CA1 of the hippocampus was recorded with glass micropipettes in the rats during passive translations, rotations, and immobility. The robot made a standardized series of trajectories starting from each of four corners of a square enclosure surrounded by black curtains. A drop of water was delivered to the rat each time the robot arrived at one designated corner of the arena. The activities of 29 neurons were investigated in 45 recording sessions (16 of which were in total darkness) in four rats. Hippocampal neurons recorded in 31 sessions (9 sessions in the dark) had significant location-selective increases or decreases in firing rate as the rat was passively displaced or immobile within the experimental arena. In 20 sessions (6 in the dark) direction-selective discharges were found when the rat was in the corners. In six sessions, cells discharged selectively during movement initiation or termination. These data suggest that information essential for path integration is present in the hippocampus and that inertial cues could play a vital role in hippocampal spatial functions. These results resemble those of O'Mara et al. ([1994] J Neurosci 14:6511) using the same protocol in macaques, suggesting similarities in hippocampal processing and function.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1995

Enhanced hippocampal theta EEG during whole body rotations in awake restrained rats.

Hippocampal slow wave activity in the theta band was studied in awake restrained rats as they were rotated in the horizontal plane both in light and in darkness. Monopolar recordings were made with an insulated silver wire (200 microns diameter) implanted in the dentate gyrus with reference to the occipital bone. Fast Fourier transforms were made of data recorded when the rat was either rotated passively or remained immobile. The power in the 6-9 Hz frequency band ('type I' theta) was significantly increased during rotations. The same results were obtained in experiments performed in the light or in complete darkness. These results provide evidence for a role of inertial (possibly, vestibular) information in hippocampal spatial representations.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Structure of mental diseases of the 2d half of life according to the results of an epidemiologic study].

An investigation of all patients (with the exception of alcoholics) residing in a city district and registered at a psychoneurological dispensary revealed that after 40 years the disease began in almost one-fourth of the cases (24.7%). In the majority of cases (56%) these were diseases characteristic of the second half of life: vascular pathology (45.3%), involutional psychoses (6.6%), presenile dementia (2.2%) and senile dementia (1.9%). Other findings included schizophrenia in 24.3%, manic-depressive psychoses in 2.7%, psychogenias in 7.6%, consequences of head trauma in 2.2% and other exogenias in 3.7%. The clinical and social parameters of the prognosis in mental diseases first expressed after 40 years of age were on the whole lower but they reflected the modern tendency to attenuation of pathological manifestations: by the time of examination the status of 48% of patients was characterized by intermission or syndromes of a nonpsychotic level.

Adult↗