Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V V Natarov.
The results of the experimental investigation on 15 rabbits are presented here. Hypoglycemic action of the standard exogenic insulin dose strengthened after performing transcerebral lateral electrostimulation on the right side with the weak current impulse.
Disorder of function of the hypothalamus-thyroid system in patients with diffuse toxic goiter is accompanied by change of the hormonal activity of the hypothalamohypophyseal-adrenocortical and hypothalamohypophyseal-ovarian systems. It is particularly marked in persons with heredity aggravated by thyroid diseases or/and diabetes mellitus.
Radioimmunoassays, immunological and radioreceptor methods were used for a study of the levels of T3, T4, TSH, thyroglobulin, antibodies to thyroglobulin and microsomal antigen, immunoglobulins suppressing thyrotropin binding in 92 patients with diffuse toxic goiter aged over 50. There was discrepancy between the prevalence of severe types of disease in this group of patients and an insignificant rise of T3 and T4 levels. Changes in the immune status pointed to an increase in immunodeficiency which became progressive with aging of the organism, and increasing sensitivity to damaging agents.
Experiments on rabbits have studied the effect of lateral transcerebral electrical modulations with weak impulse current on hypoglycemic insulin effect. Two series of experiments were performed on 15 intact animals each. Right-sided electrical stimulation in the first series of experiments produced a trend toward a decrease in fasting blood sugar concentration. In the second series of experiments there was hypoglycemic action of a standard exogenous insulin dose. Transcerebral left-sided electrical stimulation caused no such effects. It has been concluded that the modulation of hypoglycemic exogenous insulin effect was possible due to unilateral transcerebral right-sided electrical stimulation.
The immune status was studied in patients with a familial nature of thyrotoxicosis and without complicated heredity. Disorders in the immune homeostasis, mostly expressed in thyrotoxicosis of familial nature, were revealed. Proceeding from the above the authors proposed a method of multimodality therapy of thyrotoxicosis with antithyroid drugs and immunomodulator levamisole causing a fast disappearance of the clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis, a decrease in thyroid activity and density and the reduction of the number of surgical interventions. The effect may be probably due to the normalization of the immune status.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
According to current concepts, thyrotoxicosis should be regarded as an autoimmune disease in which signs of a delayed type of hypersensitivity are found. The functional excitation of the thyroid gland is caused and maintained by the appearance of lymphocytes sensitized for responding to autoantigens of thyrocytes and for production of thyrostimulating autoantibodies. The course of thyrotoxicosis is aggravated by the disorder of homeostatic mechanisms which normally oppose the hyperfunction of the thyroid gland and the effect of the excess of thyroid hormones. Thus in thyrotoxicosis the disorder of immune homeostasis is accompanied by desorganization of endocrine homeostasis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A study of 190 patients with diffuse toxic goiter combined with autoimmune thyroiditis has revealed some clinical features: a torpid course and a solid-elastic consistency of the thyroid. In 37.4% of the cases autoimmune thyroiditis was combined with a severe form of thyrotoxicosis. The combined form of diffuse toxic goiter correlated with a greater frequency of the detection of thyroid autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and microsomal antigen (in 83 and 78.3% of the patients respectively) as compared to the common form of diffuse toxic goiter (in 47.3 and 48.1%). A study of the hormonal thyroid status of 43 patients with diffuse toxic goiter combined with autoimmune thyroiditis showed that T3, T4 and TTH levels in patients with the presence of autoantibodies to thyroid antigens did not differ from the levels of these hormones in the common form of diffuse toxic goiter, and in the group of the patients with the absence of autoantibodies there was a tendency to the development of T3-toxicosis. The absence of pathognomic symptoms in combined forms of diffuse toxic goiter makes their preoperative diagnosis difficult. Interrelationship of the hormonal thyroid status and humoral antithyroid immunity was noted.
As a result of thorough examination of patients with juvenile and young thyrotoxicosis (14--18, and 19--25 years old, respectively) peculiarities of the clinical picture of this disease were revealed. The onset of the pathological process and of its course at the early developmental stages, and stability of a number of symptoms were characteristic of the disease. Functional disturbances of the cardiovascular system activity were leading in the clinical picture of juvenile thyrotoxicosis. Association between the severity of the disease and the intensity of cardiac pathology, as well as definite changes in the enzymatic function of the liver were revealed. Marked disturbances were found in the blood protein formula.
Serotonin content in the blood and its main metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid concentration in the urine were studied in 65 patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis of different severity and duration. The serotonin level was significantly lower in comparison with that of the control group (36 healthy subjects) while the daily excretion of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid with the urine in comparable groups had no considerable differences. On this basis it was concluded that serotonin metabolism is accelerated under conditions of thyroid hormone excess in the organism. Possible causes for serotonin insufficiency development in thyrotoxicosis are also discussed. The results obtained have shown the relationships between the blood serotonin content and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid excretion with the urine in various groups depending on duration, severity of the disease and the course of the menstrual cycle development (in females), that is caused by some features of neuro-hormonal regulation in several groups examined.
The response of the adrenocortical glomerular zones to different aldosterone-stimulating and aldosterone-inhibiting effects was analyzed in 178 patients with pronounced thyrotoxicosis. Basal indices of aldosteronemia in the patients under examination did not differ from those of the controls, whereas the plasma renin activity, hormone and its 3-hydroxy metabolite excretion with the urine significantly increased. Obsidan blocked renin secretion and lowered the blood plasma aldosterone content. Prednisolone, dexamethasone and hydrocortisone, inhibiting adrenocorticotropic function, hindered aldosterone secretion, whereas injections of a synthetic ACTH analog synacten and insulin, mobilizing the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system, markedly enhanced the blood plasma aldosterone level. Therefore, the response to the drugs, activating and blocking aldosterone secretion in patients with thyrotoxicosis, was completely adequate and sometimes even more intensified. Further investigation of causes, inducing an increase in the activity of the renin-angiotensin system in thyrotoxicosis, is necessary. Studies of the factors, capable of influencing aldosterone secretion, are in progress.
As a result of clinical examination of patients with juvenile thyrotoxicosis there was revealed an increase of the blood plasma renin and a derangement of mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex expressed in increased aldosterone excretion, retention of sodium in the organism and reduction of potassium excretion. Normalization of aldosterone excretion in thyrotoxicosis compensation and after the surgical intervention can indicate the influence of increased amount of thyroid hormones on the mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex.
The administration of testosterone propionate, dihydrotestosterone and androstandiol to male rats was followed by different changes in thyroid function. Testosterone propionate exerted a stimulating effect, whereas its metabolites induced marked depression of thyroid functional activity in the experiments in vivo. In vitro both sex hormones and 5-alpha-reduced metabolites inhibited radioactive iodine absorption by rat thyroid slices and human thyrotoxic struma. The data demonstrate that testosterone may produce a direct effect on the thyroid without the hypophysis.
In examination of patients with thyrotoxicosis, aged from 14 to 24 years, there was revealed a reduction of the activity of the mediatory link of the sympathico-adrenal ssystem without any connection with age, the severity and duration of the disease, and also with the efficacy of drug therapy. The functional test with insulin in patients with thyrotoxicosis permitted to detect definite reserve possibilities of the adrenergic regulation intensified with increased duration of the disease and with advance of the patient's age, but not with increased severity of the disease. The insulin test offered a possibility of assessing the sympathico-adrenal system reactivity in cases of different degree of the disease compensation.
The levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), TTH, STH, free triiodothyronine index T3F/T3/T4, as well as the titers of antibodies to microsome-membranous antigen and thyroglobulin, were studied in thyrotoxic patients with hereditary predisposition to endocrine diseases (thyrotoxicosis, goiter, diabetes mellitus) and in subjects without such heredity. Peculiarities of the disease development and endocrinopathy distribution among their relatives were investigated. More pronounced disorders in thyroid hormone metabolism and humoral immunity state were seen in thyrotoxic patients with hereditary predisposition to endocrine diseases. In comparison with those of the subjects without this heredity. The risk of diabetes mellitus development was detected in thyrotoxic patients predisposed to diabetes mellitus. Clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis (the disease severity, goiter of the IVth sage, exophthalmos) were also more evident in subjects predisposed to endocrine diseases.