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Biomedical subjects

V V Smirnov

Publications and source records attributed to V V Smirnov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Main criteria for the occupational licensure of individualized hand protection against local vibration].

Hygienic certification of individual means protecting hands against local vibration requires special laboratory and industrial studies considering specific preset criteria. The criteria choice should consider functional state of major body systems involved and capacity to work in specific industrial process. For manually operated machines, the criteria are set within the limits of mutual influence in the system: manually operated machine (its vibration strength characteristics)--operator (state and changes of his major physiologic functions)--occupational environment (peculiarities).

Hand↗
PubMed1997

Fluviols, bicyclic nitrogen-rich antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Fifteen fluorescent pseudomonads, isolated from the rhizosphere of agricultural plants, were similar in both their phenotypic properties and the chemical nature of produced pigments, to the previously described Pseudomonas fluorescens var. pseudoiodinum. DNA-DNA hybridisation data showed their genetic similarity (but not identity) to different biovars of P. fluorescens. A family of antibiotics-fluviols belonging to pyrazolo-[4,3-e]as-triazine derivatives was isolated from studied strains; isolation, properties, antimicrobial and antitumour activity of fluviols are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Recombinant probiotics: problems and prospects of their use for medicine and veterinary practice].

Approaches to designing a new probiotic class based on recombinant strains of bacteria that produce the predetermined therapeutic proteins are dealt with. The prospects of the approach are shown via studies of the biological properties of Bacillus subtilis 2335 strain transformed by the plasmid encoding the synthesis of human interferon alpha-2. The recombinant strain was demonstrated to preserve the high antagonistic activity of the parent culture (the bases of the probiotic biosporine) and to acquire marked antiviral properties due to interferon synthesis. The antiviral activity of the designed strain was shown by in vitro and in vivo experiments on experimental viral infections. By using this strain, the authors designed the new probiotic subaline, a promising biological agent for medicine and veterinary practice. Subalin has a number of advantages: it combines antibacterial and antiviral properties, is easy to use and prepare.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Method for measuring glutathione system parameters in human lymphocytes].

The levels of reduced glutathion, activity of glutathion peroxidase, and glutathion S-transferase were measured in human peripheral blood mononuclears. The adapted methods permit measurements of glutathion system parameters in immunocompetent cells and can be used in patients with different immunopathological processes.

Glutathione↗
PubMed1996

[Elaboration of rational schedules of work and rest for excavation and drilling machine operators].

Operators of excavators, boring machines could be considered as exposed to vibration at work. Methods preventing occupational diseases among those workers should include general medical and management procedures as well as rational work schedules. The authors suggest shift-related and changeable schedules of work and rest, based on timing and half-year analysis of work output. When put into practice, the schedule could lower the total vibration zone to the allowable one and relieve fatigue. Length of service in the occupations should be limited by 5-7 years.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Synchronizing therapy with plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide in rapidly progressing systemic lupus erythematosis with kidney involvement].

12 patients with rapidly progressive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) combined with renal failure were treated for 6 months according to the following scheme: 3 consecutive procedures of plasmapheresis (60 ml/kg x 3), 3 consecutive pulse doses of cyclophosphamide (400 mg/m2 x 3), 3 prednisolone infusions (2 mg/kg x 3), oral cyclophosphamide (100-250 mg/day) and prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg with subsequent dose reduction). Dose of the drugs was controlled by blood leukocyte count and creatinine clearance. The patients were included in the trial in the preset time. All the patients had active SLE (33.5 +/- 2.7 U according to SLAM). 75, 25, 58.3, 33.4, 8.3% of patients had mixed, nephrotic, mesangiocapillary, mesangioproliferative, membraneous nephritis, respectively. 26 weeks of the treatment produced a response in 83.3% of the patients. The disease activity lowered to 12.8 +/- 2.9 U. Four-year survival reached 81%. Cytopenia developed in 25% of patients, deep hemopoiesis depression was not observed. Septic candidiasis arose in one woman on the third year of the follow-up. Clinical validity of the above method is stated in severe SLE.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of solar ultraviolet on the system of microorganisms-higher plant antibiotics, a natural phenomenon and a new approach to enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics].

Under the effect of solar radiation some antibiotics of plant origin (phenylheptatriin, bakuchiol and others) showed antimicrobial phototoxicity differing by the spectrum and activity from the antibiotic action. The highest in vitro antimicrobial phototoxicity was observed with polyacetylene phenylheptatriin: the activation effect of solar radiation on it was due to UV-A and developed in gaseous phase or to a lesser extent in dispersed liquid phase. For comparison, 18 currently used antibiotics of various chemical structure were investigated and no phototoxicity under the effect of solar radiation with respect to the tested microbes was detected. In nature the phenomenon of antimicrobial phototoxicity of plant secondary metabolites due to the effect of solar radiation is probably of large scale. The study of the phenomenon is a new trend in biology (plant antibiotics and phytoncides, phytoimmunity, ecological and evolutionary microbiology, etc.) and a new approach to increase the efficacy of some antibiotics and to develop principally novel photochemotherapeutics for the treatment of infections in humans, animals and plants.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1995

Antibiotic susceptibility as a taxonomic characteristic of the genus Bacillus.

A large number of Bacillus strains assigned to different species were tested to determine their susceptibilities to antibiotics. Some clear differences between species were observed. The antibiotic susceptibilities of strains isolated from natural sources seemed to be stable and to reflect adaptation of the strains to specific conditions in certain ecological niches. A method for data processing which can be used for rapid species identification is described.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical fluorescent diagnosis of tumors using photosensitizer photogem].

During clinical trials of photodynamic therapy (PDT) the tissue fluorescence spectra under 510 nm laser excitation were recorded in 22 patients with tumors of the lungs, larynx, skin, gastric and esophageal carcinoma, and cancer of the gynecological organs before (autofluorescence) and after drug administration. A spectroscopic fluorescence detection system, developed at the General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, was applied for tumor diagnostics. The system has been used for clinical fluorescence diagnostics with the aid of HPD-type photosensitizer Photogem (Moscow Institute of High Chemical Technologies) marked by selective retention in malignant tumors. Methods and equipment for spectra analysis aimed at estimating drug distribution in the near-surface layers of tissues, determining the tumor boundaries before photodynamic treatment, as well as studying drug pharmaco kinetics have been developed and tested. The results demonstrate the possibility of tumor detection by fluorescence even in low selectivity of drug accumulation which appears to be dependent on the stage and type of the disease and the organ involved.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Development of rational work schedules for tunnel workers of schist mines].

The tunnelers of schist mines boring blast holes with hand drill are exposed to the discontinuous vibration and noise, which markedly exceed the MAL (12 and 11 dB respectively). Though the time of exposure is reduced by mechanization, it exceeds the safe limits due to unequal shift load on the tunnelers team. The improved working schedule includes equal cyclic participation of every tunneler in the boring and limits the contact with vibration and noise. High risk of vibration disease in tunnelers even following the allowable time of contact with hazards can result from such confounding factors as cooling microclimate, intensive physical strain. The recommendations reduce the duration of employment to 7 years and necessitate mastering two allied occupations.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1994

[Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of strains of bacilli used as a basis for various probiotics].

Five strains of the genus Bacillus used as components of biological preparations i.e. bacterin SL, biosporin, bactisubtil and subalin were tested for their susceptibility to 38 antimicrobial agents, The strains were simultaneously resistant to 5 antibiotics: astreonam, colistin, penicillin, ceftizoxime and cefuroxime. High susceptibility of the strains to some penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides was recorded. The gene engineered strain B. subtilis 2335(105) marked by the kanamycin resistance gene showed cross resistance to amikacin and tobramycin. Trimetoprim, sulfotrimetoprim and norfloxacin proved to be active against the strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Photodynamic therapy and fluorescent diagnosis of malignant tumors using preparation photogem].

From February, 1992 to May, 1993 photodynamic therapy (PDT) was applied at the State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine and the Moscow Scientific-Research Oncological Institute for the treatment of 60 patients with primary and metastatic malignant tumors of the breast, skin, respiratory and digestive organs, female reproductive organs, and urinary bladder. Forty-eight patients underwent one course of PDT, 11 patients received 2 courses, and one patient was given 3 courses. Russian-produced Photogem was used as the photosensitizer. It was infused intravenously 24, 48, or 72 hours before exposure to laser beam. The dose of Photogem ranged from 2.5 to 6.0 mg/kg. The density of laser radiation power during PDT sessions ranged from 100 to 1,600 mVt/cm2, energy exposure from 80 to 600 J/cm2, duration of irradiation from 3 to 45 minutes. After treatment the patients were studied in follow-up periods of 4 weeks to 17 months. Complete regression of the tumor verified morphologically was found in 62%, partial regression in 34%, and limited response or absence of an effect in 4% of cases. Fluorescent-diagnostic examination of patients was conducted at the Moscow Scientific-Research Oncological Institute. It demonstrated the reliability of this diagnostic method with the use of the preparation Photogem as the photosensitizer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The subcellular distribution of the glutathione system enzymes in the brain tissue of the rat].

Using the percoll density gradient method for rapid isolation of organelles the distribution of glutathione system enzymes in the rat brain was characterized including glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In the fraction of mitochondria, the shares of GPx, GR, and GST were found to be as much as 92, 61, and 15% from their respective general activities. No enzymatic activity was found in lysosomes. Fractions of organelles with low density (microsomes, Golgi complex, cytoplasmic membranes) were cross-contaminated. Nevertheless, on the base of the established dynamics of distribution of the marker enzyme activity among various cell organelles it is suggested that, besides mitochondria, the glutathione system enzymes may be localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than in other organelles.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Amyloidosis in systemic lupus erythematosus].

Based on the authors' experience from 1982 to 1990 it was noted that out of 26 cases of renal amyloidosis in the presence of nonpurulent and purulent conditions 2 patients (7%) demonstrated the association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was also noted that amyloidosis developed in the patients with a long history of the disease. Long-course immunosuppression treatment could be regarded as the other factor-of-risk for amyloidosis development. Histochemical examination of both patients demonstrated that amyloid deposits in the renal glomeruli were resistant to the potassium permanganate effect and consisted of AL-protein. The results obtained indicated the possibility of appearance of immunoglobulins AL--the proteins of the primary amyloidosis--synthesized in the spectrum in the SLE presence as well as their deposition in the renal glomeruli. As a possible cause of proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome in SLE patients amyloidosis should be diagnosed in the life time and be regarded in the choice of therapeutic policy as well as in the assessment of pulse immunosuppressive therapy practicability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Characteristics of immunobiological resistance of children with diabetes mellitus].

Immunoglobulins and nonspecific defence factors (complement, properdin, lysozyme) were studied over time in 194 children suffering from diabetes mellitus. In 145 children, diabetes mellitus was associated with chronic tonsillitis. Resistance in 49 children was examined depending on the phase of diabetes mellitus. The data obtained indicate that diabetes mellitus is marked by imbalance of nonspecific defence factors and humoral immunity. These changes are obviously related to the disease gravity, phasic nature of the process, diabetes mellitus standing, and the presence of concomitant diseases. No parallelism was established between the level of nonspecific defence factors and specific immunity activity.

Adolescent↗