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Biomedical subjects

V Vithayasai

Publications and source records attributed to V Vithayasai.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Regulation of immunoglobulin secretion by T lymphocytes in human malaria.

In vitro studies were carried out on the nature of immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMLs) and on the function of T and B cells from malaria patients. The mean values of secreted IgG and IgM concentrations of 22 malaria patient PMBLs were significantly higher than those of 20 normal PBMLs. When the suppressor T cell activity and the function of B cells in response to suppressor T cells were assayed by the cell co-culture technique, it was found that there was a decrease in suppressor T cell activity and the B cell function in response to normal suppressor T cells in malaria patients. The defects of these T and B cell functions may play some role in the immunological abnormalities seen in some malaria patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Lymphocyte transformation in lepromatous leprosy: a study of the influence of disease activity and symptom duration.

The lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness to M. leprae of patients with active lepromatous leprosy has been well described. This immune defect is less well understood in terms of its time of origin, possible reversibility and specificity. To further examine the persistence and specificity of this abnormality, lymphocyte transformation tests of 93 leprosy patients to lepromin, BCG and PHA were studied. Among lepromatous patients, a decreased response to M. leprae was seen, whether the disease was active or inactive. Decreased responses to BCG were found in lepromatous patients with active disease, but not in those with inactive disease. The duration of patient symptoms was not associated with differences in LTT responses among the active lepromatous patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Leprosy associated with HLA-DR2 and DQw1 in the population of northern Thailand.

A study of the frequency of HLA-DR2 and DQw1 was performed in leprosy patients and controls in northern Thailand. HLA-DR2 was found in 100% (17/17) of patients with sporadic tuberculoid leprosy and in over 90% (30/32) of all tuberculoid leprosy patients, as compared to 62% (20/32) of controls (p = .02). These strong associations had relative risks of 21.4 for sporadic and 7.4 for all tuberculoid leprosy, and etiologic fractions of 1.0 and 0.84, respectively. There was also a statistically significant and strong association between tuberculoid leprosy and DQw1. These data add to the growing body of evidence that products of HLA class II determinants or closely linked genes may play a role in determining the clinical manifestations of M. leprae infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A study of the immunological effects of cimetidine in patients with lepromatous leprosy.

To test the capacity of cimetidine to enhance cellular immunity in patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL), cimetidine was given for one month to 29 inactive LL patients and 3 active LL patients. Immune function was monitored with skin tests (lepromin, PPD, candida, and trichopytin), lymphocyte transformation tests (phytohemagglutinin, BCG, and Dharmendra lepromin), and quantitation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. A small but significant "booster" response to PPD was the only change observed in the study of patients with inactive disease, and leprosy-related reactions did not occur. In the few active LL patients studied, neither immune enhancement nor leprosy-related reactions were observed. The results of this investigation suggest that cimetidine can be used safely in patients with inactive lepromatous leprosy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

A pre-amplified reverse hemolytic plaque assay.

A pre-amplified reverse hemolytic plaque assay has been developed. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were coated with staphylococcal protein A (SPA) by the chromic chloride method. The protein A-coated SRBC (SPA-SRBC) was then pre-amplified with an appropriate amount of human class-specific Ig. The pre-amplified Ig-SPA-SRBC was used to detect class-specific Ig-producing cells. It was found that this pre-amplified reverse hemolytic plaque assay gave clearer, larger and more numerous hemolytic plaques which were easy to count and thus gave more accurate results.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Antibody responses to human diploid cell vaccine for rabies with and without human rabies immune globulin.

One hundred one volunteers with no exposure to rabies were given human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) for rabies with or without 20 international units of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)/kg of body weight to evaluate schedules for therapy with HDCV and HRIG after exposure. All of the volunteers who received three or more doses of HDCV alone or four or more doses of HDCV with HRIG developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies by day 35, which persisted for at least 60 days. By day 7, of the 61 volunteers given HRIG and HDCV, 53% had neutralizing antibodies by a mouse neutralization test and 67% had neutralizing antibodies by a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Similar antibody levels were found in volunteers given HRIG alone, a finding which suggests that low or undetectable early titers after administration of HDCV and HRIG were due to inadequate HRIG dosage rather than any interaction between the passive antibody (HRIG) and the vaccine antigen. These results suggest that trials with 30 or 40 international units of HRIG/kg in combination with HDCV are warranted.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Purified duck embryo rabies vaccine. An accelerated schedule for preexposure immunization against rabies.

Seroconversion and adverse reaction rates were studied in 92 persons given four or five doses in a two-week period of duck embryo rabies vaccine (DEV) or duck embryo rabies vaccine purified by ultracentrifugation (P-DEV). Mouse-neutralizing antibodies developed in 78 of 92 (84.8%) persons in these accelerated schedules. There were no significant differences in the frequency of antibody conversion or in geometric mean titers of antibody between persons given either vaccine. However, local and systemic adverse reactions were substantially less common with P-DEV. These data suggest that four of five doses of DEV or P-DEV given in a two-week course can be used for preexposure prophylaxis in situations where the more drawn-out regimens would result in continuation of a high-risk of rabies exposure. The antibody response of persons given this more accelerated regimen must be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunoglobulins and antibody response in children with protein-calorie malnutrition.

The immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE) were studied in 28 Northern Thai children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). Of these 14 had marasmus, 7 had marasmus-kwashiorkor, and 7 had kwashiorkor. The immunoglobulin levels were measured on admission and serially during 12 weeks of treatment leading to recovery. All immunoglobulin fractions either equalled or exceeded levels seen in well-nourished urban and rural Thai children, with or without infection. There was no difference in levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, or IgD in children with marasmus when compared with those who had marasmus-kwashiokor or kwashiorkor. IgA levels were higher in malnourished than control children and returned to normal with treatment. Eighty percent of the children with PCM had detectable IgD levels while 64% had detectable IgE levels as compared to none in the control groups. Ten additional children admitted with PCM and 10 who had recovered from PCM were immunized with intradermal typhoid antigen. Within 8 days a significant increase in typhoid H antibody appeared in the recovered group, while the malnourished group demonstrated no significant increase in H antibody titer.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗