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Biomedical subjects

V W Fazio

Publications and source records attributed to V W Fazio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ki-67-determined growth fraction versus standard staging and grading parameters in colorectal carcinoma. A multivariate analysis.

BACKGROUND: The antibody Ki-67 binds to nuclei in all cell cycle phases except GO and can be used to measure growth fraction. Because proliferative activity has been linked to prognosis in neoplasia, the authors analyzed 100 cases of colorectal carcinoma, each with 3 or more years of follow-up, using Ki-67 immunostaining. METHODS: The Ki-67-positive nuclear area and total nuclear area of carcinoma cells in 20 microscopic fields were measured by computed morphometry. A Ki-67 score (percent positive nuclear area x 100) was calculated. The following characteristics also were recorded for each case: patient age and sex, tumor site and size, modified Dukes' stage, spread beyond bowel wall, lymph node status, tumor grade, histologic type, extramural venous spread, tumor growth pattern, fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltration, and mitotic rate. RESULTS: Ki-67 scores ranged from 1 to 90 (mean, 34.6). Ki-67 scores were higher in Stage A disease (versus Stage B, C, and D disease) but were not associated with survival. Survival curves differed by stage, lymph node metastases, infiltrative growth pattern, lymphocytic infiltration, fibrosis, extramural venous spread, and tumor grade in a univariate analysis. The infiltrative growth pattern (P = 0.04) and lymphocytic infiltration (P = 0.003) were features associated independently with survival after adjusting for modified Dukes' stage. Furthermore, the lack of a significant lymphocytic infiltrate was associated with a death rate 3.4 times greater than that occurring in patients with Stage B disease with a significant infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that proliferative activity in colorectal carcinoma as measured by Ki-67 immunostaining was not associated with prognosis.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1992

Consequences of delayed ileostomy closure after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.

Temporary diverting loop ileostomy is a generally accepted component of the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedure. Ileostomy closure is usually performed within two to three months but may be delayed because of disruption of the ileonanal anastomosis, suspected leak from the ileal reservoir, concomitant medical problems, or patient convenience. Of 362 patients undergoing IPAA at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation for inflammatory bowel disease, 10 have had their ileostomy closures delayed for more than six months. Clinical and manometric parameters are examined in these patients and compared with those who had earlier closure. There appears to be no significant difference in the functional outcome of IPAA in these patients in terms of number of bowel movements and degree of continence. Reservoir compliance and maximum tolerated volumes are similar. We conclude that delaying ileostomy closure for more than six months after IPAA has no deleterious effect on pouch function.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Newly designed occluder pin for presacral hemorrhage.

Conventional hemostatic measures are often unsatisfactory in presacral venous bleeding occurring during surgical mobilization of the rectum. We designed a new type of hemorrhage occluder pin, with a ridged shaft, which may be rapidly placed into the sacrum to control hemorrhage. The aims of this study were 1) to assess the best pin shaft length by measuring the thickness of human sacral vertebral bodies, 2) to measure the forces needed to pull the newly designed pin out of the human sacrum compared with conventionally shaped titanium thumbtacks, and 3) to assess clinically the efficacy of the new device. Four fresh cadaveric pelves were isolated and cut on a sagittal plane, and the thickness of each vertebral body was measured. Titanium pins, both with ridged and with smooth shafts, were used. Twelve-millimeter-shaft pins were used for S1 and S2, and 7-mm pins were used for S3, S4, and S5. Pins were inserted into each sacral vertebra, and the forces needed to extract them from the bone were measured by computerized dynamometry. Significantly more force was required to extract ridged vs. smooth pins, both with 12-mm and with 7-mm shafts. There was no significant difference between the forces needed to pull out 12-mm vs. 7-mm pins. The new pin was successfully used to stop presacral hemorrhage in three patients with no complications one, three, and six months after surgery. This newly designed hemorrhage occluder pin may represent an improved method of controlling presacral venous hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinical conundrum of solitary rectal ulcer.

A retrospective study of 80 patients with biopsy-proven solitary rectal ulcer (SRU) was conducted to review its clinical spectrum. The median follow-up was 25 months. The female-to-male ratio was 1.4:1.0, and the mean age was 48.7 years (range, 14-76 years). Principal symptoms were bowel disturbances (74 percent) and rectal bleeding (56 percent). Twenty-one patients (26 percent) were asymptomatic and required no treatment. A previous "wrong" diagnosis was made in 25 percent. Rectal prolapse was identified in 28 percent (full-thickness, 15 percent; mucosal, 13 percent). The macroscopic appearance of the lesion seen in SRU varied widely and included polypoid lesions in 44 percent (the predominant finding in the asymptomatic group), ulcerated lesions in 29 percent (always symptomatic), and edematous, nonulcerated, hyperemic mucosa in 27 percent. Anorectal manometry provided little helpful information in the patients in whom it was performed. Management by bulk laxatives and bowel retraining led to symptomatic improvement in 19 percent of cases. In 29 percent of cases, symptoms persisted despite endoscopic healing of the lesion. Intractability of symptoms led to surgery in only 27 (34 percent) patients. Depending on the presence or absence of rectal prolapse, rectopexy or a conservative local procedure (such as local excision), respectively, appeared to be the optimal surgical treatment. The polypoid variety tended to respond to therapy more favorably than non-polypoid varieties. Thus, the macroscopic appearance of SRU has a significant bearing on the clinical course, and most cases do not require surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Noncytotoxic drug therapy for intra-abdominal desmoid tumor in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Forty of 416 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis were noted to have intra-abdominal desmoid tumors, and a subgroup of 16 were treated with noncytotoxic drug therapy. Drugs used were sulindac (14 patients), sulindac plus tamoxifen (3 patients), indomethacin (4 patients), tamoxifen (4 patients), progesterone (DEPO-PROVERA; Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI) (2 patients), and testolactone (1 patient). Therapy with these drugs for continuous periods of six months or more resulted in three complete and seven partial remissions. When treated patients were compared with untreated patients (n = 12), there were significant benefits for the treated group, both in reduction of desmoid size and in improvement of symptoms, despite the inherent selection bias against this. Sulindac was the only drug used in enough patients to permit independent evaluation of its effect, with one complete and seven partial reductions of tumor size. Some patients had a delayed response to sulindac, with tumor shrinkage occurring after an initial period of tumor enlargement. When using sulindac for the treatment of desmoid tumors, this phenomenon should be considered.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Gastroduodenal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

A review of the endoscopy reports and pathology results from esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) of all patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) undergoing such an examination was performed. Two hundred forty-seven patients were identified, with an overall prevalence of duodenal adenomas of 66 percent and of fundic gland polyps of 61 percent. Analysis of our more recent experience (1986 to 1990) shows the prevalence to be 88 percent and 84 percent, respectively. A normal-appearing papilla was adenomatous in 50 percent of cases. No case of periampullary carcinoma developed in patients under surveillance. Routine EGD is indicated for patients with FAP. Duodenal adenomas and fundic gland polyps will occur in the majority of patients.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1992

Technique for nipple valve fixation to prevent valve slippage in continent ileostomy.

There have been several developments in the evolutionary process associated with continent ileostomy. Despite a progressive decline of the early and late complications associated with this procedure, nipple valve slippage remains a common complication. A technique that provides additional stability to the nipple valve is described here. This procedure involves stapled anchorage of the nipple valve to the anterior pouch wall.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1992

Outcome of ileorectal anastomosis for Crohn's colitis.

One hundred thirty-one patients underwent ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) for Crohn's colitis. Preoperatively, 84 patients (63 percent) were found to have mild or moderate proctitis and 47 (37 percent) had rectal sparing. Sixty-eight (52 percent) had associated small bowel disease, and 20 (15 percent) had perianal disease. Sixty-five IRAs were performed at the time of subtotal colectomy, while 56 were done after previous surgery. Anastomotic leaks occurred in four patients. There were no operative deaths. Thirteen patients (10 percent) with protecting stomas never underwent closure. Among the remaining 118 patients with functioning IRAs, 30 (23 percent) required later proctectomy and 16 (13 percent) required proximal diversion, with the mean period with a functioning IRA in these 46 patients being 4.1 years (range, 6.2 months-12.7 years). An additional 13 patients required preanastomotic resection and neo-IRA, and 11 required proximal small bowel resection. The mean duration of function of all 118 IRAs was 9.2 years. At the time of review, after a mean follow-up of 9.5 years, 72 patients (61 percent) retained a functioning IRA, with 44 being free of disease, while 28 were being treated with steroids or antidiarrheal medication. The mean stool frequency was 4.7 per day. In patients with Crohn's colitis, IRA should be considered as an alternative to proctocolectomy if the rectum is not severely diseased and sphincter function is not compromised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Resident research award: tumor necrosis factor alpha selectively enhances growth and cytotoxic activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from human colorectal cancer.

Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and interleukin-2 (IL2) can induce regression of tumor metastases in animal models and in human metastatic malignant melanoma. We investigated the potential of colorectal cancer TIL as a source of killer cells and the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in combination with IL2 on their cytotoxic activity. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from surgical specimens using a mechanical and enzymatic dissociation process. Autologous lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) were used as control. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and LPMC were cultured in the presence of IL2 with/without TNF alpha (1000 U/ml each) for 5 to 8 weeks. Cytotoxicity (% lysis) was tested against Daudi target cells in a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay. The combination of IL2 and TNF alpha resulted in a significantly greater-fold expansion of TIL than IL2 alone (P less than 0.01). Lamina propria mononuclear cells expanded less than TIL, and TNF alpha had an inhibitory effect on their growth (P less than 0.05). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and LPMC showed comparable cytotoxicity when cultured with IL2 alone. However, the addition of TNF alpha augmented the killer activity of TIL while inhibiting that of LPMC (P = 0.035). These results indicate that TNF alpha selectively increases the IL2-induced growth and cytotoxic function of colorectal cancer TIL, but not those of gut mucosal lymphoid cells, suggesting that TIL and LMPC differ in their response to TNF alpha. Therefore, this combination of cytokines may hold more promise than single agents for the immunotherapy of colorectal cancers with TIL.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The expanding utility of endoluminal ultrasonography in the management of rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the ability of endoluminal ultrasonography (ELUS) to determine extent of local invasion and lymph node (LN) metastasis of primary rectal tumors, to assist in ELUS-guided pelvic LN biopsies, and to assess invasion of locally recurrent rectal cancers compared to computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Eighty-one patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (n = 67) or villous adenoma of more than 3 cm (n = 14) underwent ELUS with a 360-degree 7.0-MHz transducer For LN biopsy (n = 10), ELUS was used with an 18-gauge core biopsy needle passed transrectally. ELUS and CT were compared in 14 locally recurrent tumors. RESULTS: Staging for primary tumors (ELUS compared with pathologic examination, TNM system) revealed ELUS accurately predicted wall penetration and LN status with 95% confidence intervals of 0.88 to 0.99 and 0.87 to 0.99. Eight cancers were overstaged, and two were understaged by ELUS. ELUS-guided LN biopsy revealed carcinoma (n = 3) or lymphoid tissue (n = 3) in six of 10 patients. Extent of pelvic organ involvement was predicted in 11 of 14 ELUS and eight of 14 CT examinations in recurrent rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: ELUS is accurate in staging rectal cancers, can guide biopsies of pararectal LNs, and may be more reliable than CT in assessing local recurrence. The role of ELUS in the management of rectal cancer is expanding.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Restorative resection for cancer of the rectum.

The importance of sphincter preservation in the surgical treatment of rectal cancer was emphasized more than a century ago. Combining these techniques with adequate anterior resection has permitted restorative resection in the treatment of most rectal cancers. Miles' abdominoperineal resection is now being used much less frequently. In this review, the pertinent technical factors, patient selection and current issues relevant to restorative resection of the rectum are presented.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Surgeon's role in diagnostic advances.

Surgeons have never intervened in the life of a sick patient merely when technical expertise is required. The unique anatomic, physiologic, and oncologic perspectives the surgeon possesses mandates that he/she play a major role in diagnostic advances and the management of most forms of cancer, especially colorectal cancer. This article briefly outlines the historical posture of surgeons in pursuing diagnostic advances in medicine and particularly colorectal cancer. It also emphasizes that the modern surgical investigator, in collaboration with the basic scientist, should form a critical core of a team of investigators in the pursuit of diagnostic advances.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Do microscopic abnormalities at resection margins correlate with increased anastomotic recurrence in Crohn's disease? Retrospective analysis of 100 cases.

The relationship between histologic changes at resection margins and anastomotic recurrence was evaluated in patients with Crohn's disease. Pathology and medical records from 1960 to 1977 identified 100 patients who met the following criteria: 1) no prior surgery for Crohn's disease, 2) small bowel or small bowel and colonic resection with anastomosis done for Crohn's disease at the Cleveland Clinic, and 3) resection margins available for microscopic analysis. The following histologic features of the margins were evaluated: edema, inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, pyloric metaplasia, fibrosis, cryptitis and crypt abscesses, ulcers, granulomas, villous shortening, mucin depletion, neuronal hyperplasia, and transmural inflammation. Additionally, margins were categorized as histologically normal, showing nonspecific changes, showing changes suggestive of Crohn's disease, and showing changes diagnostic for Crohn's disease. Anastomotic recurrence occurred in 50 patients after an average follow-up period of 11.5 years. Cumulative recurrence-free rates for the four margin categories were not significantly different. Anastomotic recurrence was not associated with any clinical or histologic feature or combination of features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy for desmoid in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Forty-two of 416 familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients in the FAP registry at the Cleveland Clinic had desmoid tumors. The role of cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the management of these patients was investigated. Eight intra-abdominal desmoid tumors were treated by systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy. Two had complete remission, and one had partial remission. Five patients died as a result of the desmoid tumor or late complications of chemotherapy. Three intra-abdominal desmoids were treated by radiation therapy with no response. Neither cytotoxic chemotherapy nor radiation therapy is recommended as a first-choice treatment for intra-abdominal desmoid tumors in patients with FAP.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1991

Functional comparison between double and triple ileal loop pouches.

Ileal pouch function in 35 patients operated upon by the same surgeon were compared. Seventeen of the patients had a double loop (J) ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) and 18 a triple loop (S) pouch. The patients were examined a mean of 27.9 months and 5.1 months, respectively, after ileostomy closure. Ten of the S-pouch patients were evaluated more than 6 months (S greater than 6 months), mean 9.1 after ileostomy closure. There were no differences in the mean maximum resting pressures or maximum squeeze pressures between the groups. The incidence of daytime and nocturnal leakage was lower in the S-pouch group, 22 and 29 percent, than in the J group 29, and 53 percent. Though the mean maximum tolerated volume (MTV) of the S-pouch group was greater than the J group, the difference was not statistically significant. The difference in the mean compliance between the J- and S-pouch groups and the J and S greater than 6 months group was statistically significant (P less than 0.01) and (P less than 0.008). All the patients could evacuate spontaneously. The difference in the 24-hour frequency of defecation between the S greater than 6 months and J group was significant (P less than 0.05), but not between the S and J groups. The median frequency of nocturnal defecation between the S greater than 6 months and J pouch groups was significant (P less than 0.005), but not between the S and J groups. The triple loop S-pouches were more compliant than the J-pouches and had a better functional result as shown by a lower incidence of nocturnal leakage, and a lower frequency of defecation during the day and night.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1991

Consequences of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for Crohn's colitis.

Patients with Crohn's colitis are generally not considered candidates for the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedure. We reviewed 362 consecutive patients undergoing IPAA and analyzed the outcome of this procedure on 25 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of mucosal ulcerative colitis who were subsequently proven to have Crohn's disease. The mean follow-up was 38.1 months. Sixteen patients have a functioning pouch, seven have required pouch excision, one is diverted, and one has died. Only one of nine patients in whom there was a preoperative clinical feature suggestive of Crohn's disease has a functioning pouch, with complications uniformly occurring within months of ileostomy closure. In contrast, 15 of 16 patients without preoperative features of Crohn's disease have maintained their pouch, generally with good results. These data suggest that patients in whom there is clinical and pathologic evidence of Crohn's disease do very poorly without meaningful symptom-free intervals. However, patients without any clinical features of Crohn's disease, despite a histopathologic diagnosis of Crohn's colitis, have had a good outcome with IPAA thus far.

Adult↗