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Biomedical subjects

V Wright

Publications and source records attributed to V Wright.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Pilot study of fitness training and exercise testing in polyarticular childhood arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To 1) assess the safety and feasibility of laboratory-based exercise testing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 2) test the safety and feasibility of a 3-month exercise program in JIA, 3) assess pain during exercise in JIA, 4) compare ratings of perceived effort (RPE) with heart rate (HR) achieved, and 5) estimate the training effect on metabolic efficiency of gait as measured by submaximal exercise testing. METHODS: Nine children with JIA were enrolled in a 12-week circuit training program involving pool, stationary bicycle, treadmill, and Fitball. They underwent formal exercise testing before and after the program, underwent a full joint assessment, were administered the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire and Juvenile Arthritis Functional Status Index, and were assessed for overall quality of life and health-related quality of life. A visual analog scale was used to assess pain during testing and training, and the Borg scale was used to measure RPE. RESULTS: Children with JIA were able to participate in exercise testing without any significant problems. Children with severe hip disease dropped out of the exercise program due to pain during the exercise sessions and worsened arthritis symptoms. Target HR was achieved and correlated with RPE in the bicycle and treadmill sessions. Submaximal exercise testing showed an improvement with a small to moderate effect size. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that it is safe, feasible, and acceptable for children with arthritis, in the absence of severe hip involvement, to participate in formal exercise testing and structured fitness programs.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed2006

Circulating endothelial microparticles in acute ischemic stroke: a link to severity, lesion volume and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial membrane microparticles (EMP) in plasma are elevated in several vascular diseases. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that EMP would be increased in patients with acute ischemic stroke and would correlate with stroke severity, brain lesion volume and outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients were studied and divided into two groups based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score: 20 patients with mild stroke (NIHSS score < 5) and 21 patients with moderate-severe stroke (NIHSS score > or = 5). Lesion volume was measured using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and discharge outcome was based on the discharge Barthel and Rankin scores. Twenty-three age-matched control subjects were also studied. Using flow cytometry, endoglin-positive EMP: CD105+ CD41a-CD45- (E(+)EMP), specific endothelial EMP expressing VE-cadherin and endoglin: CD105+CD144+ (C(+)EMP), EMP expressing phosphatidylserine: CD105+PS+ CD41a- (PS(+)EMP) and EMP expressing ICAM-1: CD105+CD54+ CD45- (I(+)EMP) were analyzed. RESULTS: Significantly higher PS(+)EMP counts were observed in the group of acute ischemic stroke patients [median 59 (25th-75th percentile: 28-86) MP microL(-1)] relative to the controls [28 (14-36) MP microL(-1)] (P = 0.002). All four EMP phenotypes studied were elevated in the subgroup of moderate-severe stroke patients relative to the controls (all P < 0.05). In the patients with acute ischemic stroke three EMP phenotypes (E(+)EMP, PS(+)EMP and I(+)EMP) correlated significantly with brain lesion volume, with I(+)EMP (P = 0.002) showing the strongest correlation. Admission counts of C(+)EMP (P = 0.0003) and E(+)EMP (P = 0.003) correlated significantly with discharge clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Certain circulating EMP phenotypes may be associated with severity, lesion volume and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. EMP analysis shows promising contribution to understanding stroke pathophysiology.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Immune responses following experimental human hookworm infection.

To characterize the immune response following primary human hookworm infection, an adult volunteer was infected with 50 L3 larvae of Necator americanus, reinfected 27 months later and followed for a further 6 months. Clinical signs, blood picture, ex-vivo peripheral blood cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10 to mitogen and hookworm antigen), acute phase proteins (APP) (C-reactive protein, CRP and alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-AT) and antibody levels were determined. Dermatitis, oedema, mild nausea and abdominal discomfort followed the primary infection. Eosinophil counts peaked early during both infections but remained elevated ( approximately 18%) throughout. Transient production of IL-5, IL-13 and APP also followed infection but there were negligible levels of IFN-gamma or IL-10. The onset of nausea, oedema and the initial rise in CRP, alpha1-AT, eosinophilia and IL-5 coincided (days 13-27) with the late larval migration and early establishment of the preadult worms in the intestine. Apart from the eosinophilia these responses declined to baseline levels within 4 months and were less pronounced on re-infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Elevated pro-inflammatory CD4+CD28- lymphocytes and stroke recurrence and death.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the CD4+CD28- T-cell subset is expanded in patients with recurrent stroke or death after acute ischemic stroke. This subset of the peripheral blood T-cell lymphocyte population has a strong pro-inflammatory and tissue-damaging potential. METHODS: Consecutive patients within the first 48 hours of ischemic stroke were prospectively studied. Peripheral blood CD4+CD28- cells were quantified by flow cytometry. The study endpoint was recurrent stroke or death from any cause during 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred six patients (mean age 75.0 +/- 13.5 years; 50 women) were studied. The median CD4+CD28- cell count was 4.5% (range 0.2 to 72.2%). Twenty-seven endpoints (10 recurrent strokes and 17 deaths) occurred during follow-up. Stroke recurrence/death rates were significantly associated with increasing CD4+CD28- counts, rising from 14.2% in patients with CD4+CD28- levels of <1.0 to 48.1% for those with CD4+CD28- counts of >8.0% (p = 0.003, Cochran linear test of trend). Higher CD4+CD28- counts were also present in patients with a history of prior stroke (p = 0.03). After adjustment for age, admission NIH Stroke Scale score, prior stroke, and atrial fibrillation, CD4+CD28- counts of >8.0% were associated with a cumulative hazard ratio of 5.81 (95% CI: 1.58 to 21.32) for stroke recurrence or death. CONCLUSIONS: Rising counts of circulating CD4+CD28- cells are associated with an increasing risk of stroke recurrence and death, in addition to an observed association with prior stroke. Expansion of this T-cell subset presumably represents a biomarker and possibly a contributory pathogenic mechanism of recurrent stroke and death after ischemic stroke.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Emphysematous cystitis: rapid resolution of symptoms with hyperbaric treatment: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Emphysematous cystitis is a rare disease that occurs most often in elderly diabetic patients characterized by gas formation in the bladder wall due to infection. The infecting organism is usually an aerobic bacterium, most commonly E. coli although anaerobic species have also been reported. We report the use of hyperbaric oxygen in a patient with emphysematous cystitis and air in the femoral vein in which the treatment rapidly resolved the symptoms and radiological abnormalities. METHODS: A 65-year-old female presented to the Emergency Department with altered mental status, weakness, dark urine, dysuria and fever. She was febrile and lethargic. Abdominal exam showed suprapubic tenderness. Urinalysis was positive for white blood cells and bacteria. A CT scan of the abdomen demonstrated extensive air in the bladder wall with an air bubble in the femoral vein. Presumptive diagnosis was urinary tract infection, emphysematous cystitis, and sepsis. A question of air embolism was raised due to the intravascular gas. The patient was treated with hyperbaric oxygen (2.85 atm abs, 90 minutes) on two separate occasions in the first 12 hours. Within 24 hours, the patient's condition rapidly improved. Repeat CT scan 48 hours after admission showed near complete resolution of the emphysematous cystitis. The patient grew Klebsiella pneumonia from her urine. CONCLUSIONS: Emphysematous cystitis is a rare condition caused by either aerobic or anaerobic bacteria and may be associated with both bladder wall and intravascular gas formation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has not been previously reported as a treatment modality. The rapid improvement in our patient may indicate a role for hyperbaric oxygen in addition to IV hydration and antibiotics in this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Soil-transmitted nematode infections and mebendazole treatment in Mafia Island schoolchildren.

In August 2000, a cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematode infections in schoolchildren on Mafia Island. Hookworm infection was widespread (72.5% prevalence) whereas Trichuris trichiura was less prevalent (39.7%) and Ascaris lumbricoides was present at a low prevalence (4.2%), mainly in urban areas. In a subsample of the study population, both Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale were found, although N. americanus was more prevalent. This survey was followed by a parasitological evaluation of mebendazole treatment using a single, 500-mg dose. The data on outcome were used for comparison with those from recent studies of similar treatment regimens in the neighbouring island of Pemba, Zanzibar, where periodic chemotherapy with mebendazole to schoolchildren has been implemented as part of a helminth-control programme since 1994. A higher efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm infection was found in Mafia Island (where a cure 'rate' of 31.3% and an egg-reduction 'rate' of 78.1% were recorded) when compared with that observed in Pemba Island, possibly indicating that hookworms may be developing mebendazole resistance on Pemba Island as a result of intense exposure to the drug there.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Identification of the gene for oral-facial-digital type I syndrome.

Oral-facial-digital type 1 syndrome (OFD1 [MIM 311200]) is transmitted as an X-linked dominant condition with lethality in males and is characterized by malformations of the face, oral cavity, and digits, and by a highly variable expressivity even within the same family. Malformation of the brain and polycystic kidneys are commonly associated with this disorder. The locus for OFD1 was mapped by linkage analysis to a 12-Mb interval, flanked by markers DXS85 and DXS7105 in the Xp22 region. To identify the gene responsible for this syndrome, we analyzed several transcripts mapping to the region and found mutations in OFD1 (formerly named "Cxorf5/71-7a"), encoding a protein containing coiled-coil alpha-helical domains. Seven patients with OFD1, including three with familial and four with sporadic cases, were analyzed. Analysis of the familial cases revealed a missense mutation, a 19-bp deletion, and a single base-pair deletion leading to a frameshift. In the sporadic cases, we found a missense (de novo), a nonsense, a splice, and a frameshift mutation. RNA in situ studies on mouse embryo tissue sections show that Ofd1 is developmentally regulated and is expressed in all tissues affected in OFD1 syndrome. The involvement of OFD1 in oral-facial-digital type I syndrome demonstrates an important role of this gene in human development.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

The effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression on the early fate of skeletal muscle-derived cells.

The identification of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) has stimulated intense interest in BMP delivery approaches. Ex vivo BMP-2 gene delivery has recently been described using skeletal muscle-derived cells. Skeletal muscle-derived cells, because of proven efficient transgene delivery and osteocompetence, represent an attractive cell population on which to base ex vivo BMP-2 gene delivery. However, the early in vivo fate of BMP-2-expressing muscle-derived cells is unknown. This study investigates the in vivo effects of BMP-2 secretion on skeletal muscle-derived cells in terms of cell survival and cell differentiation. The first experiment compared survival of BMP-2-expressing cells with control cells during the first 48 h after in vivo implantation. The results demonstrate that BMP-2 secretion did not adversely affect cell survival 8, 24, or 48 h after intramuscular implantation. The second experiment histologically compared the fate of BMP-2-expressing muscle-derived cells to the same cells not expressing BMP-2. The results show that BMP-2 expression prevented in vivo myogenic differentiation and promoted osteogenic differentiation of the transduced cells. This study further supports the existence of osteoprogenitor cells residing within skeletal muscle. Moreover, it is demonstrated that BMP-2 secretion does not adversely affect early cell survival of muscle-derived cells. These data are important for future investigations into BMP-2 gene delivery approaches to the musculoskeletal system.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A single blind, prospective, randomized trial comparing n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (Indermil) and sutures for skin closure in hand surgery.

Fifty patients underwent a variety of hand operations and were randomized for wound closure either with tissue adhesive (Indermil) or sutures. The two treatment groups had similar demographic characteristics and similar outcomes at the 2 and 6 week postoperative assessments which were performed by a designated tissue viability nurse blinded to the method of closure. Five minor wound dehiscences occurred: three in the adhesive group and two in the suture group. No infection occurred in either group. In conclusion, the study demonstrates tissue adhesive is as effective as suture in this type of hand surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Primary, nonsyndromic vesicoureteric reflux and its nephropathy is genetically heterogeneous, with a locus on chromosome 1.

Primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) affects 1%-2% of whites, and reflux nephropathy (RN) causes up to 15% of end-stage renal failure in children and adults. There is a 30-50-fold increased incidence of VUR in first-degree relatives of probands, compared with the general population. We report the results of the first genomewide search of VUR and RN; we studied seven European families whose members exhibit apparently dominant inheritance. We initially typed 387 polymorphic markers spaced, on average, at 10 cM throughout the genome; we used the GENEHUNTER program to provide parametric and nonparametric linkage analyses of affected individuals. The most positive locus spanned 20 cM on 1p13 between GATA176C01 and D1S1653 and had a nonparametric LOD score (NPL) of 5.76 (P=.0002) and a parametric LOD score of 3.16. Saturation with markers at 1-cM intervals increased the NPL to 5.94 (P=.00009). Hence, VUR maps to a locus on chromosome 1. There was evidence of genetic heterogeneity at the chromosome 1 locus, and 12 additional loci were identified genomewide, with P<.05. No significant linkage was found to 6p, where a renal and ureteric malformation locus has been reported, or to PAX2, mutations of which cause VUR in renal-coloboma syndrome. Our results support the hypothesis that VUR is a genetic disorder.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2000

Distinction of quality of life, health related quality of life, and health status in children referred for rheumatologic care.

OBJECTIVE: Current health status measures [sometimes called quality of life (QOL) measures] are based on the values of their designers. QOL, though, reflects the idiosyncratic values of each individual. We investigated whether children referred for rheumatologic care differentiate between the concepts of health related quality of life (HRQOL), overall QOL, and health status. METHODS: One hundred twenty-two consecutive children seen at a pediatric rheumatology referral clinic completed a new global self-report quality of life scale (Quality of My Life), a functional impairment scale (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire), and a disease severity visual analog scale. Sixty children were seen for a followup assessment. RESULTS: HRQOL was somewhat lower than overall QOL (median 6.6 vs 8.6 out of 10; respectively) in this sample of patients. Our subjects did differentiate between overall QOL and HRQOL and health status. Health status, as measured by disease severity, accounted for only a moderate amount of variability in HRQOL (R2 = 0.25, p< or =0.0001). Health status measured by functional disability accounted for even less of the variability in HRQOL (R2 = 0.047, p = 0.013). Similarly, HRQOL accounted for only a moderate amount of the variability seen in overall QOL (R2 = 0.31, p< or =0.0001). CONCLUSION: The goal of most health professionals is to improve their patients' overall QOL. QOL, though, appears to be a broad and idiosyncratic construct affected only moderately by health. Health status, global HRQOL, and overall QOL all provide independent information. All 3 measures should be considered for use in research studies. HRQOL and overall QOL reflect patients' own values, and therefore may offer important information for clinicians in addition to health status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Dietary menhaden, seal, and corn oils differentially affect lipid and ex vivo eicosanoid and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances generation in the guinea pig.

This investigation was carried out to characterize the effects of specific dietary marine oils on tissue and plasma fatty acids and their capacity to generate metabolites (prostanoids, lipid peroxides). Young male guinea pigs were fed nonpurified diet (NP), or NP supplemented (10%, w/w) with menhaden fish oil (MO), harp seal oil (SLO), or corn oil (CO, control diet) for 23 to 28 d. Only the plasma showed significant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-induced reductions in triacylglycerol (TAG) or total cholesterol concentration. Proportions of total n-3 PUFA in organs and plasma were elevated significantly in both MO and SLO dietary groups (relative to CO), and in all TAG fractions levels were significantly higher in MO- than SLO-fed animals. The two marine oil groups differed in their patterns of incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In guinea pigs fed MO, the highest levels of EPA were in the plasma TAG, whereas in SLO-fed animals, maximal incorporation of EPA was in the heart polar lipids (PL). In both marine oil groups, the greatest increases in both docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3, DPA), relative to the CO group, were in plasma TAG, although the highest proportions of DHA and DPA were in liver PL and heart TAG, respectively. In comparing the MO and SLO groups, the greatest difference in levels of DHA was in heart TAG (MO > SLO, P < 0.005), and in levels of DPA was in heart PL (SLO > MO, P < 0.0001). The only significant reduction in proportions of the major n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (AA), was in the heart PL of the SLO group (SLO > MO = CO, P < 0.005). Marine oil feeding altered ex vivo generation of several prostanoid metabolites of AA, significantly decreasing thromboxane A2 synthesis in homogenates of hearts and livers of guinea pigs fed MO and SLO, respectively (P < 0.04 for both, relative to CO). Lipid peroxides were elevated to similar levels in MO- and SLO-fed animals in plasma, liver, and adipose tissue, but not in heart preparations. This study has shown that guinea pigs respond to dietary marine oils with increased organ and plasma n-3 PUFA, and changes in potential synthesis of metabolites. They also appear to respond to n-3 PUFA-enriched diets in a manner that is different from that of rats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Perinatal outcome and prognostic factors in prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess perinatal outcome in cases of prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia and identify the prognostic value of various prenatal factors. DESIGN: Retrospective review of fetal medicine, obstetric and histopathology records in all 34 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia identified prenatally between 1992 and 1996 at a tertiary referral fetal medicine unit. RESULTS: Overall survival was 18%. None of those with bilateral (0/1) or right-sided (0/5) congenital diaphragmatic hernia survived, whereas 21% (6/28) of those with left-sided hernias survived. Prenatal karyotyping was performed in 71% (n = 24) and five chromosomal abnormalities were identified. The pregnancy was terminated in 15 cases (44%). In the 19 continuing pregnancies, the survival rate was 32% (6/19). In those with an isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the survival rate was 38% (5/13), and in those in which the hernia was isolated and left-sided, the survival rate was 56% (5/9). In ongoing pregnancies diagnosed after 24 weeks, the survival rate was 33% (2/6) compared with 31% (4/13) in pregnancies diagnosed at < or = 24 weeks. Of those infants who had surgical repair, six out of seven (86%) survived. CONCLUSIONS: These data clearly demonstrate an improved prognosis in fetuses with an isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Do the radiological changes of classic ankylosing spondylitis differ from the changes found in the spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and reactive arthritis?

OBJECTIVE: In 1971 McEwen and colleagues suggested that the radiological changes of classic ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and the changes of the spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease differ in several respects from the radiological features of psoriatic and reactive spondylitis. The findings of this study have never been confirmed. The aim of this study was to replicate the McEwen study comparing films blinded to diagnostic group. METHODS: The study population comprised 91 patients with classic AS, 15 patients with regional enteritis, 16 patients with ulcerative colitis, five patients with sexually acquired reactive arthritis, two with post-dysenteric arthritis, and 34 with psoriatic arthritis. Blinded reading of spinal radiographs was undertaken, scoring for severity, symmetry, paravertebral ossification, size of syndesmophytes, ligamentous calcification, squaring, discitis, pseudofractures, zygoapophyseal joint involvement, and complete ankylosis. RESULTS: Comparison of the four groups--classic, enteropathic, psoriatic, and reactive AS--showed differences with respect to symmetry of sacroiliitis, symmetry of lumbar spinal involvement, and frequency and size of syndesmophytes. Zygoapophyseal joint involvement was more frequent in the lumbar spine in classic and enteropathic spondylitis but no between group differences were found with respect to symphisitis, squaring, apophyseal joint involvement and ligamentous calcification in the lumbar spine, and other areas. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the radiological differences described by McEwen et al, notably the asymmetry, the less severe changes, and the distinctive syndesmophytes in psoriasis, have been confirmed. A number of phypotheses are proposed to explain these differences including biomechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Diets enriched in menhaden fish oil, seal oil, or shark liver oil have distinct effects on the lipid and fatty-acid composition of guinea pig heart.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether diets supplemented with oils from three different marine sources, all of which contain high proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), result in qualitatively distinct lipid and fatty acid profiles in guinea pig heart. Albino guinea pigs (14 days old) were fed standard, nonpurified guinea pig diets (NP) or NP supplemented with menhaden fish oil (MO), harp seal oil (SLO) or porbeagle shark liver oil (PLO) (10%, w/w) for 4-5 weeks. An n-6 PUFA control group was fed NP supplemented with corn oil (CO). All animals appeared healthy, with weight gains marginally lower in animals fed the marine oils. Comparison of relative organ weights indicated that only the livers responded to the diets, and that they were heavier only in the marine-oil fed guinea pigs. Heart total cholesterol levels were unaffected by supplementing NP with any of the oils, whereas all increased the triacylglycerol (TAG) content. The fatty-acid profiles of total phospholipid (TPL), TAG and free fatty acid (FFA) fractions of heart lipids showed that feeding n-3 PUFA significantly altered the proportions of specific fatty-acid classes. For example, all marine-oil-rich diets were associated with increases in total monounsaturated fatty acids in TPL (p < 0.05), and with decreases in total saturates in TAG (p < 0.05). Predictably, the n-3 PUFA enriched regimens significantly increased the cardiac content of n-3 PUFA and decreased that of n-6 PUFA, although the extent varied among the diets. As a result, n-6/n-3 ratios were significantly lower in all myocardial lipid classes of marine-oil-fed guinea pigs. Analyses of the profiles of individual PUFA indicated that quantitatively, the fatty acids of the three marine oils were metabolized and/or incorporated into TPL, TAG and FFA in a diet-specific manner. In animals fed MO-enriched diets in which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) > docosahexacnoic acid (DHA), ratios of DHA/EPA in the hearts were 1.2, 2.2 and 1.5 in TPL, TAG and FFA, respectively. In SLO-fed guinea pigs in which dietary EPA approximately DHA, ratios of DHA/EPA were 0.9, 3.4 and 2.1 in TPL, TAG and FFA, respectively. Feeding NP + PLO (DHA/EPA = 4.8), resulted in values for DHA/EPA in cardiac tissue of 2.1, 10.6 and 2.9 in TPL, TAG and FFA, respectively. In the TAG and FFA, proportions of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) were equal to or higher than EPA in the SLO- and PLO-fed animals. The latter group exhibited the greatest difference between the DHA/n-3 DPA ratio in the diet and in cardiac TAG and FFA fractions (7, 3.4 and 3.1, respectively). Quantitative analysis indicated that > or = 85% of the n-3 PUFA were in TPL, 7-11% were in TAG, and 2-6% were FFA. Specific patterns of distribution of EPA, DPA and DHA depended on the dietary oil. Both the qualitative and quantitative results of this study demonstrated that in guinea pigs, n-3 PUFA in different marine oils are metabolized and/or incorporated into cardiac lipids in distinct manners. In support of the concept that the diet-induced alterations reflect changes specifically in cardiomyocytes, we observed that direct supplementation of cultured guinea pig myocytes for 2-3 weeks with EPA or DHA produced changes in the PUFA profiles of their TPL that were qualitatively similar to those observed in tissue from the dietary study. The factors that regulate specific deposition of n-3 PUFA from either dietary oils or individual PUFA are not yet known, however the differences that we observed could in some manner be related to cardiac function and thus their relative potentials as health-promoting dietary fats.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Outcomes measurement of assistive technologies: an institutional case study.

The assistive technology (AT) community has been challenged to effectively measure the outcomes of AT services. There has been much discussion recently in the literature about how to conceptualize and respond to this challenge. In this paper, we suggest that these objectives are best accomplished when AT services are understood within the contexts of the total rehabilitation of AT users and the institutional culture in which services are delivered. We provide examples of outcome priorities we have identified and the tools and approaches we have used. These include projects in the areas of clinical, functional, and psychosocial outcomes assessment of ATs.

Activities of Daily Living↗