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Biomedical subjects

V Young

Publications and source records attributed to V Young.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Language disorder--James: a case history.

When James was born he seemed the perfect baby. But gradually Venetia Young became concerned about his slow development. Despite repeated reassurance from health professionals, including her health visitor, she persisted in seeking medical opinion and finally learned that James had a language disorder. Here she describes his early years, the warning signs of his language problem and her battle against the experts' disbelief.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Enterococci in human periodontitis.

Enterococci are potential pathogens in many human body sites. This study determined the subgingival occurrence and the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci in 100 persons with early-onset periodontitis and 545 persons with advanced adult periodontitis. Subgingival microbial samples were collected with paper points, transported in VMGA III and plated onto anaerobic enriched brucella blood agar or selective Enterococcosel agar (BBL Microbiology Systems). Enterococcal speciation was performed using commercial micromethod kit systems. In vitro sensitivity was determined using a commercial kit system and an agar dilution assay. Subgingival enterococci occurred in 1% of early-onset periodontitis patients and in approximately 5% of adult periodontitis patients. Enterococcus faecalis was the only enterococcal species recovered, and all but one isolate belonged to the same biotype. In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed subgingival enterococci resistant to therapeutic levels of penicillin G, tetracycline, clindamycin and metronidazole, but relatively sensitive to ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate (Augmentin). Enterococci may populate periodontal pockets as superinfecting organisms and, in heavily infected patients, may contribute to periodontal breakdown.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Leucine metabolism during fasting and exercise.

Whole body leucine kinetics were examined in seven healthy young men while in a 14-h postabsorptive state (PAS) and after a 3.5-day fast (FS). Subjects received a primed constant intravenous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine while resting for 3 h and then while exercising on a cycle ergometer at 45% maximal O2 uptake to exhaustion. Blood samples drawn during isotopic steady state were analyzed for 13C enrichment of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, and expired gas samples were analyzed for 13CO2. Resting leucine flux was higher in the FS, and there was a slight increase in leucine oxidation. During exercise, leucine flux did not differ between PAS and FS but leucine oxidation rose markedly. In the FS, leucine oxidation was 25 +/- 7 (SD) mumol.kg-1.h-1 at rest and rose to 75 +/- 21 mumol.kg-1.h-1 during exercise; in the PAS, oxidation was 20 +/- 5 mumol.kg-1.h-1 at rest and 52 +/- 17 mumol.kg-1.h-1 during exercise. These data indicate that the high rate of leucine oxidation previously found during exercise was increased further by a 3.5-day fast.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Phase I study of idarubicin administered orally on a daily x 3 schedule.

Twenty-one adult patients with refractory solid tumors were treated on a phase I study of idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) administered daily for 3 days every 3 weeks. Nineteen of the patients had received previous chemotherapy (including 13 with prior anthracyclines), and 12 had received prior radiotherapy. Idarubicin dose levels of 10, 15, 17.5, 20, and 25 mg/m2 were explored. Hematological toxicity was dose-related. Other toxicity was acceptable. Only one patient (treated with an idarubicin dose of 17.5 mg/m2/day) developed neutropenic fever, from which he recovered. Further dose escalations beyond 25 mg/m2 were not carried out because of the increasing length of time required for recovery from granulocytopenia at higher doses. No patient experienced a major response, but minor responses were seen in 3 patients with carcinomas of the colon, breast, and kidney respectively. Further phase II studies of oral idarubicin at a starting dose of 20-25 mg/m2 daily times 3 days in patients with good bone marrow reserves are recommended. Because of the degree of neutropenia expected, patients would have to be observed carefully.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin, dacarbazine, and ifosfamide in advanced adult soft tissue sarcoma. Canadian Sarcoma Group--National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group.

Forty-three adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma entered a pilot study of combination chemotherapy comprising 50 mg of doxorubicin/m2 by intravenous bolus, 850 mg of dacarbazine/m2 by 1-hour infusion, and 5 g of ifosfamide/m2 by 24-hour infusion with mesna uroprotection. The overall response rate in 40 assessable patients was 25% with two complete remissions. Twenty-four episodes of infection occurred in 148 courses (16%). These infections were usually associated with neutropenia (granulocyte count less than 0.5 X 10(9)/L), which occurred in 70% of the courses. These results do not differ from those elicited by each agent alone, and may reflect inadequacies of dose intensity or scheduling, or evaluation in a study population with adverse prognostic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical resection for small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

Surgery alone is inadequate therapy for limited small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), resulting in less than 5% long-term survival. Since 1976, we treated patients undergoing surgery for SCLC with adjuvant chemotherapy in an attempt to prolong survival and increase cure. Seventy-seven patients who underwent surgery as their primary treatment were identified, and of these 63 (46 male and 17 female) received chemotherapy. Fifteen patients had a pneumonectomy, 46 a lobectomy, and two had wedge resections. Six patients had positive microscopic resection margins. Pathologic staging showed tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) involvement as follows: T1N0, eight; T2N0, ten; T1N1, six; T2N1, 18; T1N2, five; T2N2, nine; T3N0, three; T3N1, one; and T3N2, three. All patients received cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicion; Adria Laboratories, Mississauga, Ontario), and vincristine; four also received etoposide (VP-16) and cisplatin, one VP-16, and four methotrexate, procarbazine, and lomustine (CCNU). Forty-nine patients received prophylactic cranial irradiation, and 35 received radiotherapy to the mediastinum and primary site. The overall median survival of the 63 patients is 83 weeks, and the projected 5-year survival is 31%. Patients with T1 or T2 tumors without nodal involvement had a median survival of 191 weeks, and projected 5-year survival of 48%. Stage II (T1N1, T2N1) and stage III (any T3 or T1-2N2) patients had median survivals of 72 weeks and 65 weeks, and projected 5-year survivals of 24.5% and 24%, respectively. Thirty-three patients have relapsed and died of disease. Only two patients had an isolated relapse at the primary site. Seven other patients have died without recurrent disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery results in prolonged survival and cure for a significant number of patients with stage I SCLC, although nodal involvement at any level is associated with shorter survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Back pain: treatment and prevention in a community hospital.

Because back pain is a widespread and costly condition that tends to recur, treatment must focus on both the amelioration of acute symptoms and prevention over the long term. This paper reports a longitudinal evaluation of a program from a community hospital that emphasizes both these aspects. One hundred twenty patients routinely admitted to this program were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. These groups were assessed for differences in demonstrated physical strength, mobility, body mechanics, and self-care knowledge, and in levels of self-reported exercise, anxiety, and pain. There were significant immediate gains on physical measures of fitness and in observed body mechanics; patients also reported significant gains in physical capabilities at home and in leisure activities. Self-care knowledge also improved. When assessed one year later, original gains in physical strength and mobility were being maintained, and self-reported physical capabilities also remained high. Although demonstrated knowledge of correct body mechanics declined over this period, it was still significantly greater than before the program. In light of these results, we believe that outpatient programs like the one reported here merit careful consideration in an era of concern about rising costs for primary health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effects of two novel inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase, L-651,392 and L-651,896, in a guinea-pig model of epidermal hyperproliferation.

The effects of two novel and structurally different 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, L-651,392 (4-bromo-2,7-dimethoxy-3H-phenothiazin-3-one) and L-651,896 (2,3-dihydro-6-(3-(2-hydroxymethyl)phenyl-2-propenyl)-5-benzo furanol), on epidermal proliferation were examined in the guinea-pig ear stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187. Topical application of A23187 on the guinea-pig ear induced epidermal hyperproliferation which could be quantitated by tritiated-thymidine incorporation into DNA in the heat-separated epidermis. The ionophore-induced response was inhibited dose dependently by either L-651,392 or L-651,896 when the guinea-pigs were pretreated topically with these compounds. In separate experiments, it was demonstrated that A23187 induced a significant increase in the levels of immunoreactive-LTB4 in the guinea-pig ear which could be blocked by either inhibitors. It was suggested that L-651,392 and L-651,896 inhibited the ionophore-induced epidermal proliferation via their inhibitory action on the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of squamous and other carcinomas of the head and neck.

Thirty-two patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and three patients with parotid gland carcinomas were treated with methotrexate 40 mg/m2 followed 1 h later by 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2. Treatments were repeated on day 8, then every 2 weeks, toxicity permitting. Of 30 evaluable patients with squamous cell carcinomas, 9 (30%) achieved a partial (8) or complete (1) remission. Performance status and prior treatment history appeared to affect the probability of response. The original site of the primary had no apparent effect on response rate. Six patients having objective tumor regression but less than the amount required for classification as partial remission all had marked symptomatic relief and had "response" durations and survivals quite comparable to those in patients achieving partial remission. One patient with a parotid gland carcinoma attained a complete remission, one had a minor response, and one refused to return for follow-up. Myelosuppression and stomatitis were dose-limiting in some patients, although the regimen was generally well tolerated. Three patients (9%) developed cerebellar toxicity, suggesting that prior ethanol abuse could possibly predispose to this side effect.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Vinblastine, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the breast.

Thirty-two stage IV patients and one stage III patient with evaluable adenocarcinoma of the breast received treatment with vinblastine, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide. One patient was unevaluable because of early death. Twenty-two of 32 patients (69%) achieved complete or partial remissions and seven (22%) stabilized, including two (6%) minor responses. One of the three (9%) patients failing treatment had had extensive prior chemotherapy. Five of seven patients over the age of 70 years achieved partial remissions. A sixth had a minor response. Three of five performance status 3 and one of two performance status 4 patients responded. Overall response rate (p less than 0.01) and complete remission rate (p less than 0.05) were greatest in soft tissue disease. Granulocytopenia was dose-limiting, and recommended starting doses are vinblastine 4 mg/m2, adriamycin 40 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2. These doses produce granulocytopenia in the majority of patients, but recovery is rapid. Overall, this is a well-tolerated regimen comparable in efficacy to other adriamycin-containing combinations. Use of standard white blood count criteria instead of granulocyte criteria for determining dose alterations and time of retreatment would have resulted in markedly excessive dose reductions and treatment delays and in a marked reduction in permitted dose escalations. This could potentially have reduced the response rate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Phase II study of acivicin in non-small cell lung cancer: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Study.

Thirty-six previously untreated patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer received acivicin at a starting dose of 15 mg/m2, given over 5 days and repeated every 21 days. Hematological toxicity was dose-related; one patient died of neutropenic sepsis at 18 mg/m2. Nonhematological toxicity was mild, with gastrointestinal symptoms being the most prominent. Neurological toxicity was seen in 48% of the patients and consisted of confusion, hallucinations, and sleeping difficulty. A minority of patients required dose reduction because of these symptoms. In 33 evaluable patients, two partial remissions were documented, with seven additional patients showing evidence of minor responses. Although modest, these responses warrant further study of acivicin in non-small cell lung cancer in combination with other agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lomustine, vincristine, and procarbazine in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma.

Sixty-five previously untreated patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with lomustine, vincristine, and procarbazine. Sixty-four patients were evaluable for response, with a response rate of 13%. Only one complete response was observed, in a patient with nodal disease only. Three partial responses were observed in patients with disease confined to soft tissue, and four partial responses were observed in patients with pulmonary metastases. Median survival for all patients was 22 weeks. We conclude that this regimen offers no improvement compared to other drug combinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Belfast children's awareness of violent death.

Although violent deaths due to the Northern Ireland civil strife receive wide publicity, up to three times as many people are killed in road accidents, and death-rate statistics reveal that natural causes predominate. Against this backdrop the study explores development of the death concept in Belfast children (n = 200). A disguised test technique was supplemented by more probing questions. Subject variables were age (five groups from 3 years 8 months to 15 years 8 months), sex, verbal ability, religious denomination, and place of residence. Vocabulary scores were significantly related to conceptual level for the 7- and 13-year-olds only. More advanced definitions were given by the 4-year-olds living in the 'troubled' areas, by both groups of 13-year-old Protestants and by the 15-year-old Protestants living in the 'less troubled' areas. Overall, the children attributed death more often to sickness than to accidents or to violence; just as frequently to heart disease and to old age as to explosions and shootings and more often to road accidents and to cancer than to specific local violence. These attributions quite accurately reflect the total objective situation, and suggest that violence is not a salient dimension for the children of the area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Feasibility study of combining metronidazole with chemotherapy.

Metronidazole, 1.5 g/sq m, was administered p.o. to patients with advanced malignancies 12 hr and 1 hr before and 6 hr and 24 hr after each of adriamycin, BCNU, and mitomycin-C. Doses of adriamycin varied from 50 to 90 mg/sq m. At an adriamycin dose of 75 mg/sq m, the median granulocyte nadir was 900/microliters and the median platelet nadir was 240,000/microliters. No enhancement of stomatitis or cardiotoxicity was noted at the doses studied. Doses of BCNU varied from 145 to 265 mg/sq m. At a BCNU dose of 240 mg/sq m, the median granulocyte nadir was 2600/microliters and the median platelet nadir was 102,000/microliters. Two patients developed hypotension that may have been due to a metronidazole-alcohol interaction. Doses of mitomycin-C varied from 10 to 20 mg/sq m. At a mitomycin-C dose of 20 mg/sq m, the median granulocyte nadir was 1300/microliters and the median platelet nadir was 81,000/microliters. Four of 40 patients developed pulmonary toxicity and one developed renal toxicity. Of 11 evaluable patients treated on the adriamycin regimen, 4 responded and 5 stabilized. With BCNU, 7 of 17 responded and 2 stabilized. With mitomycin-C, 2 of 32 responded and 12 stabilized. Overall, 4 of 8 patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the lung attained partial remissions and one had a minor response. Using this metronidazole dose schedule, phase II studies are being conducted with adriamycin, 75 mg/sq m, in squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the head and neck; with BCNU, 240 mg/sq m, in glioblastomas and squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung; and with mitomycin-C, 20 mg/sq m, in adenocarcinomas of the breast and colon.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Detection of platelet antibodies using a micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of circulating platelet antibody and platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) is described. The test is done in microtiter plates and rapidly provides quantitative and highly reproducible results. Alloantibodies from 28 of 30 multiple transfused patients and isoantibodies from 3 of 4 patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were detected. PAIgG was elevated in all 4 patients with ITP, and HLA and platelet-specific antigens were reliably detected using HLA typing sera and anti-PIA1 antibody, respectively. Platelets preserved wither by dessication in the wells of the microtiter plates or in liquid suspension in saline at 4 degrees C gave results comparable to values using fresh platelets. Storage periods ranged from 30 days for dessicated platelets to more than 1 yr for platelets stored in suspension. The ability to utilize preserved platelets may allow relatively convenient screening of large numbers of potential platelet donors for alloimmunized patients.

Antibodies↗