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Valerio Scarani

Publications and source records attributed to Valerio Scarani.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Direct measurement of superluminal group velocity and signal velocity in an optical fiber.

We present an easy way of observing superluminal group velocities using a birefringent optical fiber and other standard devices. In the theoretical analysis, we show that the optical properties of the setup can be described using the notion of "weak value." The experiment shows that the group velocity can indeed exceed c in the fiber; and we report the first direct observation of the so-called "signal velocity," the speed at which information propagates and that cannot exceed c.

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PubMed2004

Proposal for energy-time entanglement of quasiparticles in a solid-state device.

We present a proposal for the experimental observation of energy-time entanglement of quasiparticles in mesoscopic physics. This type of entanglement arises whenever correlated particles are produced at the same time and this time is uncertain in the sense of quantum uncertainty, as has been largely used in photonics. We discuss its feasibility for electron-hole pairs. In particular, we argue that junctions between materials in which electrons and holes, respectively, propagate ballistically and behave as "entanglers" for energy-time entanglement when irradiated with a continuous laser.

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PubMed2003

Optical telecom networks as weak quantum measurements with postselection.

We show that weak measurements with postselection, proposed in the context of the quantum theory of measurement, naturally appear in the everyday physics of fiber optics telecom networks through polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization-dependent losses (PDL). Specifically, the PMD leads to a time-resolved discrimination of polarization; the postselection is done in the most natural way: one postselects those photons that have not been lost because of the PDL. The quantum formalism is shown to simplify the calculation of optical networks in the telecom limit of weak PMD.

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PubMed2002

Quantum cloning with an optical fiber amplifier.

It has been shown theoretically that a light amplifier working on the physical principle of stimulated emission should achieve optimal quantum cloning of the polarization state of light. We demonstrate close-to-optimal universal quantum cloning of polarization in a standard fiber amplifier for telecom wavelengths. For cloning 1-->2 we find a fidelity of 0.82, the optimal value being 5 / 6=0.83.

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PubMed2002

Bell-type inequalities to detect true n-body nonseparability.

We analyze the structure of correlations among more than two quantum systems. We introduce a classification of correlations based on the concept of nonseparability, which is different a priori from the concept of entanglement. Generalizing a result of Svetlichny [Phys. Rev. D 35, 3066 (1987)] on three-particle correlations, we find an inequality for n-particle correlations that holds under the most general separability condition and that is violated by some quantum-mechanical states.

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PubMed2002

Thermalizing quantum machines: dissipation and entanglement.

We study the relaxation of a quantum system towards the thermal equilibrium using tools developed within the context of quantum information theory. We consider a model in which the system is a qubit, and reaches equilibrium after several successive two-qubit interactions (thermalizing machines) with qubits of a reservoir. We characterize completely the family of thermalizing machines. The model shows a tight link between dissipation, fluctuations, and the maximal entanglement that can be generated by the machines. The interplay of quantum and classical information processes that give rise to practical irreversibility is discussed.

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