Biomedical subjects

Vamsi Krishna

Publications and source records attributed to Vamsi Krishna.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Interaction between inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in adjuvant-induced arthritis in female albino rats: an isobolographic study.

We studied the interaction of S-methylisothiourea (a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) with rofecoxib (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) and mefenamic acid (a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) in adjuvant-induced arthritis in female albino Wistar rats, applying the isobolographic analysis. Each drug was effective in reducing the progressive increase in paw volume less than 50% except rofecoxib, when used alone. Log dose-response curve was obtained for each drug along with the corresponding ED(25). Following isobolographic analysis, combination of S-methylisothiourea with rofecoxib and mefenamic acid revealed supra-additive or synergistic interaction. Experimental ED(25) of the combinations was significantly lower than the theoretical ED(25) of the corresponding drug combination which substantiated the synergistic type of interaction between inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in adjuvant-induced arthritis in female albino rats. Results suggest that NO regulates the cyclooxygenase enzyme activity as the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes in the LPS-stimulated leukocyte lysates was significantly low or hardly detectable in the presence of varying concentrations of S-methylisothiourea. Simultaneous inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase appears to offer an alternative approach for ameliorating the progression of arthritis.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Interaction between inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in Brewer's yeast induced pyrexia in mice: an isobolographic study.

We studied the interaction of S-methylisothiourea (a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) with rofecoxib (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) and mefenamic acid (non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice by isobolographic analysis. Each drug was effective in reducing pyrexia when used alone. Log-dose-response curves of all the three drugs did not show any significant departure from parallelism indicating thereby, a common mode of antipyretic action. However, rofecoxib exhibited significantly higher potency than S-methylisothiourea. Isobolographic analysis of combination of S-methylisothiourea with rofecoxib and mefenamic acid revealed additive interaction. Experimental ED(50) of the combinations was not significantly different from theoretical additive ED(50) of the corresponding drug combination, that substantiated the additive nature of interaction between inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in Brewer's yeast-induced fever in mice. Results suggest involvement of a mediator that is subservient to both inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme activities. For further investigation, peroxynitrite ion may be considered to be the putative mediator.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy computer-aided polyp detection in a screening population.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The sensitivity of computed tomographic (CT) virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography) for detecting polyps varies widely in recently reported large clinical trials. Our objective was to determine whether a computer program is as sensitive as optical colonoscopy for the detection of adenomatous colonic polyps on CT virtual colonoscopy. METHODS: The data set was a cohort of 1186 screening patients at 3 medical centers. All patients underwent same-day virtual and optical colonoscopy. Our enhanced gold standard combined segmental unblinded optical colonoscopy and retrospective identification of precise polyp locations. The data were randomized into separate training (n = 394) and test (n = 792) sets for analysis by a computer-aided polyp detection (CAD) program. RESULTS: For the test set, per-polyp and per-patient sensitivities for CAD were both 89.3% (25/28; 95% confidence interval, 71.8%-97.7%) for detecting retrospectively identifiable adenomatous polyps at least 1 cm in size. The false-positive rate was 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.0-2.2) false polyps per patient. Both carcinomas were detected by CAD at a false-positive rate of 0.7 per patient; only 1 of 2 was detected by optical colonoscopy before segmental unblinding. At both 8-mm and 10-mm adenoma size thresholds, the per-patient sensitivities of CAD were not significantly different from those of optical colonoscopy before segmental unblinding. CONCLUSIONS: The per-patient sensitivity of CT virtual colonoscopy CAD in an asymptomatic screening population is comparable to that of optical colonoscopy for adenomas > or = 8 mm and is generalizable to new CT virtual colonoscopy data.

Adenomatous Polyps↗