Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Veerababurao Kavala.
[Structure: see text] The products obtained by the reaction of benzoyl-3-phenylthioureas with bromine and enolizable ketones in the presence of triethylamine are not imidazole-2-thione derivatives as reported (Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 1657-1659) rather they are thiazolidene-2-imine derivatives.
In the present article (experimental as well theoretical) the relative yields of cyclic (O,O), (S,S), (S,O), and (S,N) acetals, formed from p-(NO2)C6H4CHO and p-(OH)C6H4CHO, are compared. Atomic charges, global electrophilicity descriptor (w) [as proposed by Parr et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1922] and hard-soft acid-base concept of Pearson (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 3533) are used to explain the experimental observations. Although the w values can explain the yields, charge and local softness values of the interacting sites explain the plausible reaction mechanism. The bisnucleophiles chosen for acetalization are CH2(OH)-CH2(OH) (glycol), CH2(SH)-CH2(SH) (dithiol), CH2(OH)-CH2(SH) (oxathiol) and CH2(SH)-CH2(NH2) (azathiol). For p-(NO2)C6H4CHO, the experimental yield of cyclic acetals were found to follow the trend as (S,N) > (S,O) > (O,O) > (S,S), which is also supported by theoretical explanation based on the w values and applying the concept of hard-hard (i.e., charge-controlled) and soft-soft (i.e., orbital-controlled) interaction between the interacting sites of the substrates (i.e., aldehydes) and the reactants (bisnucleophiles). Similarly, for p-(OH)C6H4CHO the relative yields of cyclic acetals follow the trend (S,N) approximately (S,S) > (S,O) > (O,O). It is argued that the attack on C(CHO) (i.e., C-atom of the CHO group) in p-(NO2)C6H4CHO by O(OH) (i.e., O-atom of OH group) or N(NH2) (i.e., N-atom of NH2 group) is mainly charge-controlled but the attack on C(CHO) in p-(OH)C6H4CHO) by S(SH) (i.e., S-atom of SH group) is orbital-controlled.
1,2-Dipyridiniumditribromide-ethane (DPTBE) has been synthesized and explored as a new efficient brominating agent. The crystalline ditribromide reagent is stable for months and acts as a safe source of bromine requiring just 0.5 equiv for complete bromination. It has high active bromine content per molecule and shows a remarkable reactivity compared to other tribromide reagents toward various substrates by just grinding the reagent and substrates in a porcelain mortar at room temperature. No organic solvent has been used during any stage of the reaction for substrates giving product as solid. Product can easily be isolated by just washing the highly water soluble 1,2-dipyridiniumdibromide-ethane (DPDBE) from the brominated product. The spent reagent can be recovered, regenerated, and reused without any significant loss.