Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Vikram S Dogra.
Renal sonography can be easily performed and provides valuable information concerning the underlying disease process, helping to decide appropriate management. This article reviews the important renal infections, such as pyelonephritis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, renal abscess, hydatid disease, renal tuberculosis, pyonephrosis, and HIV-associated nephropathy.
Ultrasound plays an important role and adds essential information in diagnosing benign intrascrotal lesions. Characterization of benign intrascrotal lesions with sonography, in combination with clinical assessment, can lead to nonsurgical management or testicular sparing surgery. We present important sonographic features of benign intrascrotal lesions, including extratesticular lesions: adenomatoid tumors, papillary cystadenomas, spermatoceles, hydroceles, varicoceles, hernias; and intratesticular lesions: tunica albuginea cysts, testicular simple cysts, epidermoid cysts, tubular ectasia of the rete testis, intratesticular varicoceles, adrenal rest tumors, and splenogonadal fusion. The goal of this review is to provide the radiologist with a better understanding of benign lesions that occur in the scrotum.
Endometriosis is the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and the myometrium. It is an important cause of infertility and pelvic pain in women older than 25 years. Endometriomas are relatively common and can mimic other adnexal masses, and ultrasonography is often the first choice of imaging. This pictorial essay presents the sonographic appearance of endometriomas and similar-appearing adnexal masses and their characteristics, which may aid in their differentiation on routine ultrasonographic examination.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Multidetector row CT is the most recent advance in CT technology. An increased number of detector rows and more powerful x-ray tubes result in faster scanning time, increased volume coverage, and improved spatial and temporal resolution. MDCT technology allows superior image quality, decreased examination time, and the ability to perform complex multiphase vascular and three-dimensional examinations.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate the normal sonographic anatomy of the penis and various imaging manifestations of penile trauma. METHODS: Penile trauma cases were collected and reviewed retrospectively from our archive. RESULTS: The normal sonographic anatomy of the penis and various pathologic conditions of patients with penile trauma are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography (especially with color Doppler sonography) is a useful imaging method for evaluating penile anatomy and various pathologic features in patients with penile trauma.
PURPOSE: We summarize important clinical, pathological and diagnostic features of benign intrascrotal lesions, including paratesticular lesions (adenomatoid tumors, fibrous pseudotumors, cystadenomas, spermatoceles, hydroceles, varicoceles and hernias) and intratesticular lesions (tunica albuginea cysts, testicular simple cysts, epidermoid cysts, cystic ectasia of the rete testis, intratesticular varicocele, adrenal rest tumors and splenogonadal fusion). This review provides the reader with a better understanding of benign lesions that occur in the scrotum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A directed MEDLINE literature review of benign scrotal lesions and of each individual lesion was performed. This information was enhanced with relevant information from select journals and texts. Particular emphasis was placed on clinical, pathological and diagnostic features. RESULTS: Intrascrotal lesions continue to provide a diagnostic challenge for physicians. A diagnosis can be made with a thorough history, physical examination and understanding of the pathophysiological processes of the structures contained within the scrotum. Lesions that are suspicious for malignancy should prompt urological consultation and radiological imaging. Ultrasound aids in the diagnosis in instances of uncertainty. Ultimately surgery may be necessary to make a histological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical assessment, physical examination and an understanding of benign intrascrotal processes are key to making a diagnosis. Ultrasound has an important role and adds essential information. If surgery is necessary and a benign process is recognized, a testis sparing procedure should be performed.
OBJECTIVE: To illustrate how spectral Doppler waveform analysis plays an adjunctive but very definite role in scrotal sonography. METHODS: The cases illustrate a variety of testicular disorders that were collected at a referral tertiary care center. RESULTS: Normal and a variety of pathologic conditions of the testes are discussed, along with their signature spectral waveforms. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the spectral waveform provides important additional information in various scrotal disorders with acute pain. Spectral waveform analysis is critical to diagnosing incomplete torsion when color and power Doppler examinations are indeterminate.
Ultrasonography (US) with a high-frequency (7.5-10-MHz) transducer has become the imaging modality of choice for examination of the scrotum. US examination can provide information valuable for the differential diagnosis of a variety of disease processes involving the scrotum that have similar clinical manifestations (eg, pain, swelling, or presence of mass). The pathologic condition that may be at the origin of such symptoms can vary from testicular torsion to infection to malignancy. The ability of color and power Doppler US to demonstrate testicular perfusion aids in reaching a specific diagnosis in patients with acute scrotal pain. This review covers the anatomy of the scrotum and the scanning protocol for scrotal US, as well as detailed descriptions of disease processes and their US appearances. Newly described conditions such as intratesticular varicoceles and other benign intratesticular cystic lesions are also discussed.