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Biomedical subjects

Vincent Borderie

Publications and source records attributed to Vincent Borderie.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

In vivo confocal microscopy in fungal keratitis.

BACKGROUND: Fungal keratitis is a major blinding eye disease found throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. Given the recent increase in Fusarium keratitis infections in contact lens wearers owing to contact lens solutions, a warning was recently issued by the Food and Drug Administration, making it a public health concern in developed countries. OBJECTIVE: To show the advantages of in vivo confocal microscopy imaging using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II-Rostock Cornea Module (HRTII-RCM) in the early diagnosis of fungal keratitis. METHODS: HRTII-RCM confocal microscopy was performed on five patients presenting with fungal keratitis and on three donor corneas contaminated with Fusarium solani, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. RESULTS: Direct microscopic evaluation of corneal smears and culture revealed the presence of F solani in four cases and C albicans in one case. HRTII-RCM examination of the infected patients and contaminated donor corneas revealed numerous high-contrast elements resembling Fusarium, Aspergillus hyphae or Candida pseudofilaments in the anterior stroma. CONCLUSION: HRTII-RCM in vivo confocal microscopy is a new, non-invasive and rapid technique for the early diagnosis of fungal keratitis, showing high-resolution images resembling fungal structures in the early phase of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Heidelberg retina tomograph II findings of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

PURPOSE: Heidelberg retina tomograph II (HRTII) examination was performed with cornea module in one patient with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) to provide images detailing characteristic findings of the disease. METHODS: A 34-year-old woman presented with clinical signs and symptoms of AK. HRTII with cornea module was performed and the patient underwent laboratory investigations. RESULTS: HRTII examination with cornea module revealed numerous 20-26-micro m diameter high-contrast round particles within the corneal epithelium and anterior stroma, resembling Acanthamoeba cysts. Stellate cells as well as ovoid irregular objects, possibly inflammatory cells, trophozoites, altered cysts, or activated keratocytes, were also present in the area of stromal infiltrates. Laboratory investigations confirmed the diagnosis of AK. CONCLUSIONS: HRTII cornea module can be helpful in the diagnosis of AK by identifying acanthamoeba cyst-like structures in the cornea. This technique also has potential uses in monitoring the efficiency of anti-infective treatment.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed2005

Decreased corneal sensitivity in patients with dry eye.

PURPOSE: To explore changes in corneal sensitivity that develop in patients with dry eye and the relationship between sensibility and severity of the dry eye disease. METHODS: Experiments were performed in 44 patients with dry eye and 42 healthy individuals. Corneal sensitivity was measured with the Belmonte noncontact gas esthesiometer. Mechanical (air jets at flow rates from 0 to 200 mL/min, reaching the corneal surface at 34 degrees C), thermal (cold or warm air at subthreshold flow rates changing corneal basal temperature +/-1 degrees C), and chemical stimuli (air containing 0% to 50% CO2 at subthreshold flow rate and temperature at the cornea of 34 degrees C) were applied to the center of the cornea to determine the sensitivity threshold for each stimulus modality. The clinical state of the ocular surface was also explored, measuring the fluorescein tear break-up time, the degree of corneal staining with fluorescein and Lissamine green, and tear production with the Schirmer test. RESULTS: Both in control subjects and patients with dry eye, the corneal thresholds for mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimulation increased with age. Moreover, the thresholds for the three modalities of stimuli were significantly higher in patients with dry eye than in control subjects. In both groups, individual mechanical, chemical, and thermal thresholds correlated significantly. Also, high thresholds in patients with dry eye correlated with the intensity of fluorescein and Lissamine green corneal staining but not with the results of the Schirmer test. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dry eye exhibit corneal hypoesthesia after mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimulation that appears to be related to damage to the corneal sensory innervation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Corneal keloid: clinical, ultrasonographic, and ultrastructural characteristics.

A 70-year-old man was referred to us with a 2-year, progressive, painless decrease in visual acuity in the right eye. Ocular history included extraction of a traumatic cataract with a transclerally fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens. Slitlamp examination showed a raised, white, vascularized mass covering the cornea. The lesion was removed by superficial lamellar keratectomy. Light microscopy examination confirmed the diagnosis of corneal keloid. These uncommon lesions usually develop in adults after corneal traumas, surgery, or inflammatory processes. They have also been described in children with Lowe's syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, and other ocular developmental disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment severe acanthamoeba keratitis].

BACKGROUND: It is now possible to treat ocular surface disorders by means of amniotic membrane transplantation. We performed a study to determine the efficacy of this technique in the treatment of severe Acanthamoeba keratitis. METHODS: We studied six patients with severe, painful, nonhealing Acanthamoeba keratitis who underwent one or two amniotic membrane transplantation procedures between February 2001 and January 2003. Histopathological analysis of the corneal buttons was performed in four cases. RESULTS: Eight amniotic membrane transplantation procedures were performed. The mean length of follow-up was 14 (range 3-21) months. The mean interval between institution of medical treatment and the procedure was 3.6 months. All patients had progressive stromal lesions caused by an inflammatory reaction. Complete reepithelialization occurred in four cases, and partial healing in two cases. Ocular inflammation and tissue destruction were decreased in all cases, pain was lessened in five cases, and corneal neovascularization was decreased in four cases. No postoperative complications were observed. Amniotic membrane was observed under dysplastic corneal epithelium on histologic examination. INTERPRETATION: Amniotic membrane transplantation may be a safe and effective treatment of severe Acanthamoeba keratitis, particularly during the inflammation phase. It may permit penetrating keratoplasty to be delayed.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗
PubMed2003

Characterization and functionality of CXCR4 chemokine receptor and SDF-1 in human corneal fibroblasts.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether cultured human corneal fibroblasts express functional chemokine CXCR4 receptors on their cell surface and to determine the presence of its specific ligand, SDF-1 (CXCL12), in human corneal fibroblasts. METHODS: Human corneal fibroblast cultures were obtained using human donor corneas. CXCR4 receptors were characterized using binding studies and autoradiography with [125I]SDF-1. The functionality of CXCR4 receptors was assessed by intracellular calcium measurement using a dynamic imaging microscopy system. CXCR4 and SDF-1 mRNA were detected in human corneal fibroblasts using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The CXCR4 protein was detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS: [125I]SDF-1 specifically bound to cultured corneal fibroblasts with a KD value of 8.3+/-1.2 nM. The presence of CXCR4 was confirmed by autoradiography of the radioligand on slices of corneal stroma. SDF-1 induced a rapid and transient intracellular calcium increase in cultured corneal fibroblasts that was blocked by the specific antagonist bicyclam. Moreover, a 48 kDa protein was detected by western blot analysis of corneal fibroblast extracts, using a specific CXCR4 polyclonal antibody. RT-PCR showed the expression of both CXCR4 and SDF-1 mRNAs in human corneal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate for the first time that cultured human corneal fibroblasts express the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1. This latter might exert physiological effects on the cornea and could be involved in pathological conditions such as corneal angiogenesis.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed2003

Late bacterial keratitis after implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments.

We report a case of bacterial keratitis that occurred after implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments (Intacs). The patient presented with decreased vision, inflammation, and stromal infiltrates localized at the extremity of an Intacs channel 3 months after surgery. Culture were positive for Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The infiltrates progressed despite treatment with topical fortified and systemic antibiotics. The Intacs were removed. The keratitis slowly resolved, and the patient recovered a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Candida parapsilosis keratitis.

PURPOSE: To present clinical, microbiologic, and histopathologic features of keratitis due to Candida parapsilosis. METHODS: Clinicomicrobiologic evaluation of four patients (four eyes) with culture-proven C. parapsilosis keratitis. The patients were evaluated for symptoms, visual acuity, clinical observations, microbiologic examination of corneal scrapings, and pathologic examination of corneal buttons. RESULTS: Three cases were observed after penetrating keratoplasty, and one case occurred after inhalation of corticosteroids. Clinical presentation of C. parapsilosis keratitis showed a great diversity. There was one case of crystalline keratopathy and three cases of suppurative corneal infiltrate. Histopathology of corneal buttons showed interlamellar accumulations of yeast. Medical treatment included topical amphotericin B and systemic triazoles. Penetrating keratoplasty was required in three patients. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for C. parapsilosis keratitis may include corticosteroid use and prior corneal transplantation. The prognosis of C. parapsilosis keratitis with antifungal and surgical therapy may vary from good visual outcome to intraocular extension with phthisis bulbi.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Expression of neurotensin receptors in human corneal keratocytes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether cultured human keratocytes express the neurotensin receptors (NTR1, NTR2, and NTR3), to determine the presence of neurotensin (NT) in keratocytes, and to assess the influence of NT on these cells. METHODS: Human keratocytes were cultured in medium treated with various concentrations (10(-7)-10(-9) M) of JMV449 (a weakly degradable NT agonist). Cell proliferation and viability were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay. Apoptosis was studied by nucleus labeling with a fluorescent dye and cold light fluorometry. NT, NTR1, NTR2, and NTR3 mRNA were detected in human keratocytes by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NTR1 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. Functionality of NTR1 was assessed by intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) measurement with a dynamic imaging microscopy system. RESULTS: RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed the expression of the NTR1 (mRNA and protein) and NTR3 mRNA in human corneal keratocytes. NT and NTR2 mRNA were undetectable. JMV449 induced a rapid and transient [Ca2+]i increase in human corneal keratocytes that was blocked by the specific antagonist SR48692. JMV449 significantly increased cell proliferation and viability after 72, 96, and 120 hours of culture, with a maximum effect at 10(-7) M (P < 0.005). Finally, JMV449 decreased keratocyte apoptosis, whatever the concentration used (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that cultured human keratocytes express NTR1 and NTR3 and that NT may exert physiological effects on cornea such as regulation of keratocyte proliferation and apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗