Biomedical subjects

Virginia M Barnes

Publications and source records attributed to Virginia M Barnes.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Clinical evaluation of the anti-plaque effect of a commercial chewing gum.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to evaluate the dental plaque control effect of a chewing gum versus brushing with a dentifrice via four clinical studies. METHODOLOGY: Study 1 compared a commercial chewing gum (Colgate Dental Gum, CDG) with a water control after 24 hours post-brushing; Studies 2 and 3 compared CDG to two different brands of commercially available fluoride dentifrices after 24 hours post-brushing; Study 4 examined the anti-plaque effect of CDG plus a regular fluoride dentifrice (Colgate Winterfresh Gel, CWG) versus brushing with CWG alone for five days. The 24-hour clinical tests employed the Modified Gingival Margin Plaque Index (MGMPI), while the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (QHPI) was used for the five-day study. All studies utilized a randomized, crossover design with a one-week washout period, and were single-blinded to the clinical evaluator. RESULTS: In Study 1, the mean MGMPI score for CDG was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the water control. In Studies 2 and 3, while brushing with regular fluoride dentifrices provided improved plaque control compared to CDG, the chewing gum alone with no tooth brushing delivered a plaque reduction 60% as effective as brushing with a fluoride dentifrice. In Study 4, the group using the combination of chewing with CDG and brushing with CWG provided a significantly lower (p < 0.05) mean QHPI score compared to the group using the dentifrice only, particularly on the hard-to-brush lingual surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: Four clinical studies demonstrated that CDG provides a plaque control benefit. The results suggest that chewing gum may serve as an effective oral hygiene device when brushing may not be possible and, additionally, that chewing gum may serve as an effective adjunct to brushing for enhanced oral health.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Clinical evaluations of sustained calculus control by Colgate Simply White dentifrice using an in-situ appliance.

OBJECTIVE: Two clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the dental calculus control efficacy of Colgate Simply White dentifrice versus a positive and a negative control dentifrice, using a published intra-oral appliance and monitoring the prevention of calcium deposition, an indicator of early dental calculus formation. METHODOLOGY: Healthy human volunteers entered into the two double-blind, cross-over studies. An intra-oral appliance was custom-made for each subject. After brushing with an assigned dentifrice, each subject wore his or her appliance for four daytime hours (study 1) or 12 overnight hours (study 2). When the appliance was removed, it was washed, suspended in 0.1 M HCl to release Ca++ from deposits, and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) for deposited calcium. The three dentifrices studied were Colgate Simply White (CSW), Colgate Regular dentifrice (CR), and Colgate Tartar Control Whitening (CTW). There was a one-week wash-out period between each product use. RESULTS: There were no side effects observed or reported in either study. In both the four- and 12-hour studies, CSW and CTW had significantly lower calcium uptake compared to CR (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between CSW and CTW in efficacy. CONCLUSION: The results of this research demonstrate that Colgate Simply White dentifrice provides four- and 12-hour calculus control efficacy, superior to a standard dentifrice and comparable to a commercial anti-tartar dentifrice.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2004

New laboratory methods to study tooth surface coverage and interproximal plaque control by dentifrice products.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and test an in vitro tooth model for use in conjunction with laboratory methods to study interproximal effects and efficacy of dentifrices. The application of the model should offer visual evaluation of dentifrice coverage of the tooth surface, and measure dental plaque control at posterior interdental spaces with a dentifrice. METHODOLOGY: The dentifrice products tested with the model were: Colgate Total 2 in 1 Toothpaste and Mouthwash (CTTM), Colgate Total dentifrice (CTD), and Colgate Regular dentifrice (CRD). Extracted human posterior teeth were disinfected, cleaned, aligned, and mounted in denture acrylic. In the area coverage method, tooth surface coverage and penetration of two different forms of dentifrice products (CTTM and CRD) were compared using digital photography. In the interproximal plaque control method, the teeth were coated with human saliva and incubated anaerobically with a mixture of representative oral bacteria for six hours at 37 degrees C. In vitro dental plaque was assessed after brushing the facial surface with one of the three dentifrice products using a clinical plaque scoring index. RESULTS: The area coverage method demonstrated that both dentifrice products tested covered approximately 70% of the facial tooth surface; the CTTM dentifrice coverage on the lingual tooth surface was significantly higher than the coverage for the CRD dentifrice. With the interproximal plaque control method, in the presence of an active ingredient, the CTTM dentifrice had equivalent efficacy to the CTD dentifrice. Both CTTM and CTD were significantly superior to the CRD for interproximal dental plaque control. CONCLUSION: Using the developed tooth model, two assessment methods have been shown to have the potential to demonstrate tooth surface coverage, and to assess the potential efficacy of a dentifrice for the control of interproximal dental plaque. This process can indicate potential clinical evaluation of an oral care product, and support clinical findings with controlled evidence.

Bacteria↗