Biomedical subjects

Vivek Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to Vivek Gupta.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Synthesis of diverse analogues of Oenostacin and their antibacterial activities.

Several diverse analogues of Oenostacin, a naturally occurring potent antibacterial phenolic acid derivative, have been synthesized. A small library with more than forty analogues having different aromatic rings and varied side chains has been achieved through solution phase synthesis. Some of these analogues, that is, 22, 23 and 42, possessed potent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus having EC(50) ranging from 0.49 to 0.67 microM as compared to Oenostacin (EC(50)=0.12 microM).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2005

Factors affecting bone mineral density in patients with prostate carcinoma before and after orchidectomy.

BACKGROUND: Orchidectomy is an accepted form of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate carcinoma. Osteoporosis is common in elderly individuals and is accelerated by ADT. The authors studied changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after ADT and factors that affected those changes. METHODS: Fifty patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who opted to undergo orchidectomy were studied prospectively. All patients completed 6 months of follow-up, and 20 of those patients completed 12 months of follow-up. Patients' age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, addiction (smoking, alcohol), dietary calcium intake, and lactose tolerance status were noted. Lumbar spinal (L1-L3) trabecular BMD was measured with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at baseline and every 6 months for 1 year and was compared with preoperative values. The effects of various patient characteristics on preoperative BMD and changes in BMD also were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) age of the patients was 69.5 +/- 8.1 years, BMI was 23.5 +/- 3.9 kg/m2, dietary calcium intake was 1066.1 +/- 443.3 mg per day. Thirty-eight percent of patients were lactose intolerant. Sixty-two percent of patients were in the light weight-bearing activity group. The mean +/- SD preoperative BMD was 119.2 +/- 34.9 mg/cc, with T-scores of - 1.77 +/- 1.22 and Z-scores of 0.43 +/- 1.27. A decrease in BMD during the first 6 months ( approximately 13%) was statistically significant (P = 0.0001) and continued further during next 6 months (BMD loss of approximately 18% at 12 months). Patients with osteoporosis, as defined by T-scores < or = - 2.5, increased from 24% at baseline to 48% at 6 months. Nonsmokers, nonalcoholics, patients with higher physical activity, and patients with a BMI > 25 kg/m2 had statistically significant higher BMD compared with their counterparts (P < 0.05). Body weight < 60 kg and BMI < 25 kg/m2 were significant risk factors for loss of BMD (P < 0.05). Dietary calcium had a discernible but statistically insignificant effect on BMD (P = 0.16). Lactose intolerance had no significant effect on BMD or bone loss. CONCLUSIONS: Osteoporosis was common in the population affected by prostate carcinoma. Orchidectomy led to accelerated bone loss. Periodic measurement of BMD after ADT would help in the early detection of osteoporosis. Maintenance of high BMI, weight-bearing physical activity, avoidance of alcohol and smoking, and possibly high dietary calcium intake help in maintaining bone mass.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

Acute bilateral inferior cerebellar infarction in a patient with neurosyphilis.

BACKGROUND: Bilateral simultaneous infarction in the territories of the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs) is rare but was recently reported with increasing frequency, probably because of the wider availability of magnetic resonance imaging. The cause of these infarcts is believed to be atherosclerotic or embolic occlusion of a dominant PICA, which perfused the territories of the medial branches of both PICAs. RESULTS: We encountered a patient with simultaneous infarction in the territories of the medial branches of both PICAs. The clinical course, imaging results, and laboratory findings are presented. The patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis based on a history of chancre, positive serum and cerebrospinal serologies, cerebrospinal pleocytosis, and increased intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis. We believe that meningovascular syphilis caused the bilateral cerebellar infarct via presumed thromboangiitis of a dominant PICA perfusing both cerebellar hemispheres. The patient was treated with intravenous high doses of penicillin. CONCLUSIONS: This case reminds us that meningovascular syphilis should be considered in younger patients with stroke. Patients with bilateral cerebellar infarction may solely have symptoms of vertigo and ataxia but can develop life-threatening complications because of edema of the infarcted tissue with resultant hydrocephalus and pressure on the brainstem.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Realistic anatomical texture for laparoscopic surgery simulation.

Visual realism in laparoscopic surgery simulation is very desirable. Previously, much work has been done to extract the organs and textures from the visible human data (VHD) using various rendering techniques. We present here a technique to extract the true texture from visible human data for the laparoscopic herniorrhaphy simulation. A VHD slice provides texture only in the direction in which it was visualized whereas the surgeons visualize the facet of an organ during a laparoscopic surgery. Our paper describes an approach for the extraction and mapping facet texture from the VHD.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

Testicular tumour with features of sex cord tumor with annular tubules associated with cryptorchidism and infertility--a case report.

Sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) is a rare tumor seen in the ovary usually associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Testicular SCTAT are more infrequent and only four such cases have been reported in the literature. A 28-year-male presented with infertiliy. He had a history of orchiopexy 10 years back for right-sided inguinal testes. A right testicular biopsy done to investigate the cause of infertility revealed testicular atrophy with a focus suspicious of SCTAT. The right-sided orchiectomy revealed two firm nodules of 0.5 and 0.2 cms of SCTAT and sertoli cell nodule (SCN) respectively on microscopy. He did not have any features of Peutz-Jeghers or any other dysgenetic syndrome. He is asymptomatic after follow up of 26 months. This is the fifth case of testicular SCTAT and the first with SCN.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Iliac artery pseudoaneurysm as a complication of laparoscopic rectopexy.

The occurrence of arterial pseudoaneurysms after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the right hepatic artery, common hepatic artery, and cystic artery has been well documented. We describe a case of pseudoaneurysm of the common iliac artery presenting after laparoscopic stapled mesh rectopexy. As the benefits of minimal access surgery are extended to more and more procedures, surgeons should recognize the possibility of such a complication.

Aneurysm, False↗