Biomedical subjects

Vladimír Subr

Publications and source records attributed to Vladimír Subr.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Coating of DNA/poly(L-lysine) complexes by covalent attachment of poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide].

N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers (pHPMA) containing 4-nitrophenyl ester (ONp) or thiazolidine-2-thione (TT) reactive groups in side chains and telechelic/semitelechelic pHPMA with TT groups were designed as highly hydrophilic biocompatible polymers suitable for chemical coating of polyelectrolyte-based DNA-containing nanoparticles bearing amino groups on the surface. The course of the coating reaction carried out in aqueous solution was evaluated on model self-assembling polyelectrolyte DNA/poly(L-lysine) (DNA/PLL) complexes either by monitoring the amount of residual polymer reactive groups by UV spectroscopy or by monitoring changes in the weight-average molecular weight and hydrodynamic size of the complexes using light scattering methods. Physicochemical stability of the coated complexes in buffered saline solution was also investigated. Contrary to uncoated particles, the coated complexes showed remarkable stability to aggregate in 0.15 M NaCl. Coating with pHPMA had practically no effect on the size distribution of the most stable complexes prepared by complexation of DNA with high-molecular-weight PLL (M(w) = 134 000) as shown by dynamic light scattering. The coating reaction was faster and more efficient with multivalent HPMA copolymers containing TT reactive groups than that with HPMA copolymers containing ONp groups.

Amination↗

PubMed2006

HPMA based macromolecular therapeutics: internalization, intracellular pathway and cell death depend on the character of covalent bond between the drug and the peptidic spacer and also on spacer composition.

Polymeric conjugates based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) have been tested as potential carrier for anticancer drug - doxorubicin (Dox). Two types of conjugates were synthesized: (a) conjugates containing Dox bound through an amidic bond to an oligopeptidic side-chain (usually GFLG) and (b) hydrolytically cleavable conjugates wherein Dox is bound to the polymeric carrier through a pH sensitive bond. The mechanism of action of both conjugates is different and reflects the diverse way and intensity of their intracellular accumulation. All conjugates containing doxorubicin bound via an amidic bond directly penetrate the plasma membrane and are detectable in all associated cellular membranes, i.e. membranes of the endocytic compartment, a nuclear membrane as well as membranes of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. We have never been able to detect released doxorubicin inside the nuclei of the treated cells. The cytotoxicity of these conjugates seems to be primarily caused by the damage of cellular membranes. Necrosis is the main mechanism of the cell death. Conjugates containing hydrolytically bound doxorubicin are internalized by endocytosis and fluid phase pinocytosis and doxorubicin is cleaved from the polymeric carrier at low pH in late endosomes and lysosomes. An apoptosis is the main mechanism of the cell death. The spacer influences the rate of the intracellular release of the drug rather than the rate of internalization.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed2004

Polymeric anticancer drugs with pH-controlled activation.

Use of macromolecular water-soluble carriers of anti-cancer drugs represents a promising approach to cancer therapy. Release of drugs from the carrier system is a prerequisite for therapeutic activity of most macromolecular anti-cancer conjugates. Incorporation of acid-sensitive spacers between the drug and carrier enables release of an active drug from the carrier in a tumor tissue, either in slightly acidic extracellular fluids or, after endocytosis, in endosomes or lysosomes of cancer cells. This paper reviews advances in development and study of properties of various acid-sensitive macromolecular drug delivery systems, starting from simple polymer-drug conjugates to ending with site-specific antibody-targeted polymer-drug conjugates.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Cytostatic and immunomobilizing activities of polymer-bound drugs: experimental and first clinical data.

An N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer carrier containing doxorubicin and human immunoglobulin as an actively/passively targeting moiety was used in four patients with generalized breast cancer resistant to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. The dose and time schedule were deduced from a Phase I clinical trial in which doxorubicin bound to HPMA copolymer carrier (PK1) was tested. It was confirmed that the Dox-HPMA-HuIg conjugate is stable and doxorubicin remains in the peripheral blood with a small amount also in the urine, mostly in its polymer-bound form. More than 116 biochemical, immunological and hematological parameters were determined for blood samples taken from patients 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 1 to 11 weeks after treatment. Depending on the patient, some parameters decreased permanently or temporarily to the normal level (CRP, C3, CA 72-4, beta(2)-microglobulin, ferritin, CEA, CA 125, CD4, CD8, CE19, CD16(+)56(+), leu, ery) and some moved markedly towards physiological values (AST, ALT, ALP, GMT, CA 15-3, NSE, AFP). While the number of peripheral blood reticulocytes was significantly decreased after treatment with the classical free drug, their number was not affected or was even elevated after treatment with Dox-HPMA-HuIg. Increased absolute numbers of CD16(+)56(+) and CD4(+) cells in the peripheral blood and activation of NK and LAK cells in all patients support data obtained in experimental animals, pointing to a dual, i.e. cytostatic and immunomobilizing character of Dox-HPMA conjugates containing a targeting immunoglobulin moiety.

Adult↗