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Biomedical subjects

W A Andes

Publications and source records attributed to W A Andes.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Platelet aggregation following defibrination with ancrod.

In vitro platelet aggregation was studied in dogs following defibrination with Ancrod. There was marked inhibition of aggregation immediately after defibrination. A gradual return toward normal aggregation was observed over the 96 hours study period, but aggregation was still abnormal at 96 hours after defibrination. There was an inverse and highly significant correlation between aggregation and fibrin degradation product level. Fibrinogen was not measurable after defibrination for the entire study period. Aggregation was thus independent of fibrinogen concentration in this study.

Ancrod↗
PubMed1976

Thermal injury in von willebrand disease. Management of burn wound bleeding.

A 51-year-old woman sustained a 40% third-degree burn. After five grafting procedures that were unsuccessful due to uncontrolled bleeding, the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease was established. Skin grafting was subsequently accomplished without difficulty using cryoprecipitate as a source of antihemophilic factor (factor VIII). Serial clinical and laboratory investigations demonstrated that using the level of factor VIII procoagulant activity alone as an in vitro index of hemostasis was insufficient as a guide to the control of pathologic burn wound bleeding in this patient.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1976

Normoblastemia after thermal injury.

The peripheral blood smears of 214 thermally injured patients studied during a thirty month period revealed a 20% incidence of normoblastemia (51 patients). Nucleated red blood cells were most common in patients with the largest burns. The absolute number of normoblasts was not related to the hematocrit and was not correlated with other determinants of erythropoietic function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The erythropoietin response to the anemia of thermal injury.

Erythropoietin excretion was persistently increased following major thermal injury in 4 of 5 patients. A good correlation was found between erythropoietin excretion and red cell mass but not between erythropoietin excretion and hematocrit. In spite of the increased erythropoietin, erythropoiesis in these thermally injured patients was inadequate to compensate for erythrocyte deficits as judged by bone marrow morphology, reticulocyte counts, and transfusion requirements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Acute gastric disease after cutaneous thermal injury.

Diffuse erosive "gastritis" was discovered as early as five hours postinjury in 45 of 54 burn patients (83.5%) evaluated by gastroduodenoscopy. Acute ulcers were identified in 14 patients (26%); concomitant duodenal disease was present in 34 patients (76%). Microvascular fibrin thrombi were not demonstrated even though five patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation. Seven patients were examined before nasogastric intubation; four, with a mean burn size of 59.6% total body surface, had diffuse "gastritis." Low total serum protein levels were measured in 81% of tested patients, but were not predictive of mucosal disease. Hemorrhage followed the clinical deterioration of six patients (11.1%); one ulcer perforated. Whereas coagulation abnormalities, nasogastric intubation, and hypoproteinemia may augment mucosal injury, the morphologic and histologic examinations of the lesions suggested a primary ischemic cause resulting from the opening of submucosal shunts or local vasoconstriction.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fibrinogen New Orleans: hereditary dysfibrinogenemia with an A alpha chain abnormality.

An abnormal fibrinogen (Fibrinogen New Orleans, or FNO) has been found in a 30 year-old woman, her mother and daughter, but not her father. The propositus suffered mild bleeding, but not thrombo-embolism or abnormal wound healing. Plasma and purified fibrinogen from the propositus caused a prolongation in the clotting time of normal plasma. FNO had increased anodal migration when studied by immunoelectrophoresis. We have been able to follow the release of fibrinopeptides A and B using sensitive SDS-PAGE. In FNO, release of the A peptide was markedly delayed, whereas the cleavage of B peptide was much less delayed, compared to that of A peptide.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of an HTLV-III-related retrovirus from macaques with simian AIDS and its possible origin in asymptomatic mangabeys.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a worldwide epidemic, so the development of vaccines and antiviral agents effective against the causative agent, human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), is vital. This work would be greatly simplified if a suitable animal model could be developed. Here we report the isolation of an HTLV-III-related retrovirus, STLV-III/Delta, from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with transmissible simian AIDS (SAIDS) and from asymptomatic sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). SAIDS was initially diagnosed in several macaques previously inoculated with tissue homogenates of mangabey origin. Western blot analysis of both the mangabey and macaque sera demonstrated the presence of antibody cross-reactive primarily with the HTLV-III proteins p24 and p61. In a related experiment, analysis of these same sera revealed simian antibody to STLV-III/Delta proteins similar, but not identical, to those of HTLV-III with estimated relative molecular masses (Mrs) of 16,000 (16K), 26K, 35K, 45K, 60K and 110K. Infection of the mangabey, an African primate, with an HTLV-III-related virus may provide a clue to the origin of HTLV-III in humans. The apparent difference in susceptibility to SAIDS-like disease between infected macaques and mangabeys suggests that these species may respond differently to STLV-III infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in hemophiliacs. Relation to lymphadenopathy.

The authors studied the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure in 187 hemophiliacs followed for an average of 45 months. Overall, 55 percent developed antibody specific for HIV and 21 percent developed persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Most patients seroconverted sometime between early 1982 and the end of 1984. Four patients developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and four seropositive patients developed idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP). One of the four patients who developed AIDS and three of the four with ITP had preexisting lymphadenopathy. None of the 10 patients with lymphadenopathy or the 20 asymptomatic patients was seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus, type I. Although seropositivity and lymphadenopathy have been found in many of the authors' patients, few have developed clinical disease that can be related to HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exposure of heterosexuals to human immunodeficiency virus and viremia: evidence for continuing risks in spouses of hemophiliacs.

There is risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sexually active couples, one of whom is seropositive. However, the frequency of such HIV transmission is not known. We have surveyed a population of monogamous hemophiliacs treated with potentially-infected coagulation factor concentrates during 1980-1984. We found high titers of antibodies to HIV in 24 of 30 hemophiliacs and in four of 30 spouses. The duration of HIV exposure from unprotected sexual intercourse ranged from greater than 12 to 78 months. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed in six hemophiliac husbands, and one seropositive wife has lymphadenopathy. We were concerned that viremia with HIV might be the primary determinant of transmission to the men's wives. Circulating HIV was found in all of four hemophiliacs with AIDS, both of two with AIDS-related complex (ARC), four of 14 asymptomatic hemophiliacs, and two of four seropositive spouses. Isolation of HIV was less likely from asymptomatic hemophiliacs (29%) than from asymptomatic seropositive men (71%) in other high-risk groups. Our studies suggest that HIV was transmitted to 17% of the spouses of hemophiliacs. Efforts to educate all such couples about the risk of HIV infection remain imperative.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗