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Biomedical subjects

W A Crawford

Publications and source records attributed to W A Crawford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in airliners--a health hazard evaluation.

Some passengers and airline attendants have expressed concern about exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in commercial airlines. Irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, odor, and personal sensitivities are often the bases of complaints. Previous studies demonstrate low concentrations of materials, including ETS. Attendants fly some 800 h per year, passengers much less. Based on previous studies and duration of exposures, the absorbed dose of ETS is less than a cigarette equivalent per year. Nicotine absorption of 0.2 to 0.3 mg in 8-10 h flights has been reported as unlikely to have physiologic effects. The retained 'dose' in relation to the hypotheses of risks to health based on the conflicting results of studies on 'passive smoking' are discussed. There are additional confounding factors in aircraft. We consider segregation into smoking and nonsmoking zones to be reasonably effective in meeting the preferences of passengers.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1987

Passive smoking.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Anatomy of an industrial inorganic lead poisoning epidemic.

This article describes three cases of lead poisoning and 20 cases of excessive lead absorption in a factory producing inorganic lead compounds. Evidence is presented of a general system failure in that environmental surveys, application of legislation and acceptance of advice by management were ineffective.

Australia↗
PubMed1980

Photochemical smog standards--practicability or purism: an evaluation of health risk in Sydney.

The photochemical smog conditions in Sydney are related to the effects on health, real and potential. Perspectives are presented with regard to the long-range goals of the World Health Organization, past and current United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, and current New South Wales prudent and actual aspirations in the short and long term. The need for practicable, rather than puritanical, goals in relation to possible adverse health effects is emphasized. The view is expressed that, while no significant ill health will be induced in current and improving atmospheric conditions, the aesthetic appearance of Sydney is unacceptable and therefore is detrimental to the feelings and well-being which are part of health.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1976

The effect of disodium cromoglycate on human performance, alone and in combination with ethanol.

Seventeen paid volunteer subjects were used in a double-blind crossover experiment to investigate the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), alone and in combination with ethanol, on human perceptual, cognitive and motor performance. DSCG (40 mg) had little effect when given alone. When administered with ethanol (0-75 g/kg), DSCG did not significantly modify the ethanol-induced decrement in performance except in the complex reaction time test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The changing demographic pattern in asthma related to sex and age. A study of 13,651 patients on sodium cromoglycate (Intal).

A total of 13,651 patients diagnosed as suffering from asthma and who were prescribed Intal are reviewed with regard to age and sex. It is found that in infancy and the prepubertal ages, males far outnumber females. There is a changeover during the ages 14 to 20 years to female predominance. At 60 years of age and above there is an equality in proportions by sex. Observations are made on age limitations for Intal therapy. That a hormonal factor or imbalance of hormonal factors is present in asthma is suggested.

Adolescent↗