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Biomedical subjects

W A McIntosh

Publications and source records attributed to W A McIntosh.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Drill-generated sensorineural hearing loss following mastoid surgery.

Drilling during mastoid surgery may result in temporary noise-induced hearing loss. This has practical implications for both the patient and surgeon. In a prospective study of 40 patients, audiometric testing was done both preoperatively and postoperatively to try to detect any significant hearing loss in the immediate postoperative period. The data were analyzed using the Student's paired t test. No statistically significant difference was found. A sensorineural hearing loss soon after mastoid surgery is not due to the noise generated by the drill. In the event of any hearing loss during this period, other causes should be sought.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cystic parotomegaly in an HIV-seropositive patient. A case report.

The case of a middle-aged woman with a 1-year history of painless, bilateral parotid gland enlargement is reported. The clinical signs and immunological markers of Sjögren's syndrome were absent. Serology for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was positive and radiological findings were characteristic of a well-described, HIV-associated cystic parotomegaly. Attention of clinicians is drawn to this clinical presentation, which may precede classic AIDS stigmata by several years.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Anthropometry and health in the elderly.

Measurements of height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, and circumferences were obtained along with data on health practices and disease from 424 independent-living elderly in the Houston area. The objectives of the study were to examine anthropometric measurements of younger (58 through 74 years) and older (75 through 100 years) elderly individuals and to assess relationships between these measurements and health behaviors and disorders. Results demonstrated differences in anthropometric indexes due to aging and sex. Individuals who considered themselves to be more active than peers or who smoked had lower values for some anthropometric variables such as body mass index and waist circumference. Those who drank alcoholic beverages had lower values for some variables than those who stated that they did not drink alcohol. Diabetes and hypertension in the younger elderly were associated with higher values of some measurements, including waist circumference and body mass index. Anthropometric measurements in the elderly varied with sex, age, health practices, and the presence of certain disorders.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Progress in the development of a nutritional risk index.

The development of a 16-item nutritional risk index (NRI) is chronicled from its inception through its application in three studies designed to assess its reliability and validity. Study I involved a survey of 401 community-dwelling elderly in St. Louis, Missouri who were interviewed at baseline, 4-5 mo later, and 1 yr later. Study II involved a cross-sectional survey of 377 male outpatients attending two clinics at the St. Louis Veterans Administration Medical Center. Study III involved a cross-sectional survey of 424 community-dwelling elderly in Houston, Texas. Internal consistency reliability coefficients ranged between 0.47 and 0.60, and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged between 0.65 and 0.71. Validity was established by using the NRI to predict the use of health services, as well as by correlating it with a variety of anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical markers of nutritional status. The utility of the NRI for future applications is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Sarcoidosis with nasal obstruction and deformity. A case report.

Sarcoidosis is a relatively uncommon disease, seldom seen by ear, nose and throat departments. There are interesting head and neck and, more specifically, nasal manifestations. A patient with sarcoidosis presented at our department with nasal obstruction and deformity. Although these were the predominant features of the disease, the diagnosis was made together with other systemic signs. A case of sarcoidosis involving the nose is presented, with discussion emphasising the features more commonly seen by the ear, nose and throat surgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between beliefs about nutrition and dietary practices of the elderly.

Data were collected from home interviews of 424 noninstitutionalized individuals, 58 to 100 years old, in the Houston metropolitan area, to assess the relationships between dietary intake, socioeconomic variables, beliefs about nutrition, and use of nutritional supplements. Two-thirds of the subjects took nutritional supplements. The most common forms were vitamin C, calcium, and multivitamins. With the exception of vitamin B-6, magnesium, and dietary fiber, which were higher in diets of users of nutritional supplements than in diets of nonusers, nutrient density (amount of nutrient per 1,000 kcal) did not differ between the two groups. Attitudes toward the use of nutritional supplements, health foods, and/or nutritional quality of conventional foods differed with sex, age, income, and educational level. Nutrient intake of those with more positive feelings about nutritional supplements was higher, perhaps as a result of increased awareness of diet and health. Nutrition education that is targeted to issues of interest to people in this age group is needed; topics such as the role of nutrients in disease prevention and appropriate nutritional supplementation might be explored. This survey indicates that, although the practice of supplementation may be beneficial to augment nutritional quality of the diet for elderly people, use of nutritional supplements is not restricted to those whose dietary intake is of lower nutrient density than that of nonusers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Isolated sphenoiditis: a diagnostic problem.

A case of primary isolated sphenoiditis that developed cavernous sinus thrombosis is presented. It is difficult to diagnose and patients are often not seen initially by an ENT surgeon, making it more important for other branches of medicine to be aware of this condition. We discuss isolated sphenoiditis with particular reference to the diagnosis, management and complications of this condition.

Cavernous Sinus↗
PubMed1989

Social support, stressful events, strain, dietary intake, and the elderly.

Little research exists linking social support, stressors, and related nutritional strain (loss of appetite) with the risk of poor nutritional health. Relationships among these concepts were investigated using a sample of elderly Virginians. It was hypothesized that the risk of poor nutritional health (dietary inadequacy) is reduced among elderly with high levels of social support and exacerbated among those experiencing stressful events and strain. Moreover, it was hypothesized that the negative effects of stressful events and strain on the diet are mitigated by high levels of social support. Using multiple regression models, these hypotheses were tested, controlling for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. The results indicated that elderly with 1) an extensive friendship network have more adequate diets; 2) greater financial stress experience greater nutritional stress (poorer appetite); and 3) greater nutritional stress have less adequate diets. Moreover, companionship serves as a buffer against the negative effects of poor appetite on dietary intake.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Trans-septal approach to unilateral posterior choanal atresia.

A technique of trans-septal approach to unilateral bony choanal atresia in the older child or adult is described with the advantages of better exposure, less bleeding and better mucosal cover of raw bone than traditional methods. This seems to reduce post-operative re-stenosis at the site of the atresia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Management of a glomus jugulare tumour with internal carotid artery involvement.

A previously healthy 40-year-old female presented for surgical resection of a large glomus jugulare tumour with extensive involvement of the carotid siphon and intracranial extension. Conduct of anaesthesia with specific reference to cerebral protection is discussed. A combination of induced hypothermia, barbiturate therapy, normotension, normocarbia and prior clamping of the distal internal carotid artery was chosen. The role of barbiturates as a therapeutic intervention is debated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Fibromatosis and fibrosarcoma of the larynx and pharynx in an infant.

A 14-month-old infant had congenital solitary fibromatosis of the larynx that showed fibrosarcomatous change and that spread to the pharynx and the anterior part of the neck. The histologic condition is discussed, as is the surgical treatment with total laryngopharyngectomy. A five-year postoperative follow-up is included.

Fibrosarcoma↗
PubMed1985

Haemangioma of the mandible. Diagnosis and management.

A case of haemangioma of the mandible is presented. The clinical and radiological features, including the use of angiography, are discussed. An approach to the surgical management of haemangioma of the mandible is given.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Food habits and future time: an exploratory study of age-appropriate food habits among the elderly.

This exploratory research effort examines future time perspective and its association with a behavioral change, i.e., food habits, among a sample of elderly persons. Demographic and social conditions under which a positive or negative future time may be associated with changes in food habits are explored. The findings suggest that the elderly do make changes in their food habits, and there is an association of positive or negative food habit changes with a positive or negative future time perspective. The future time perspective and the food habit changes are couched in certain types of demographic and social conditions such as with whom one lives, recent widowhood, health status, and sex.

Aged↗