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Biomedical subjects

W A Rubenstein

Publications and source records attributed to W A Rubenstein.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

CT appearance of diaphragmatic pseudotumors.

Invaginations of the muscular fibers of the diaphragm into the upper abdomen may appear as nodules of soft tissue density on computed tomographic (CT) sections in deep inspiration. If these nodules indent the adjacent stomach or distal transverse colon, they may mimic small mural tumors or metastatic implants. Similar nodules protruding from the diaphragmatic crura into the adjacent retroperitoneal fat may be mistaken for enlarged lymph nodes on CT. Differential diagnosis of these pseudotumors from pathologic lesions is based on their continuity peripherally with the diaphragm and their separation from the hollow viscera by subdiaphragmatic fat. Decubitus and expiratory CT sections are valuable diagnostic aids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Large posterior abdominal masses: computed tomographic localization.

Large posterior abdominal masses, particularly those in the right upper abdomen, may be difficult to localize correctly into the peritoneal or retroperitoneal compartments. The following signs were found to be reliable CT indicators of retroperitoneal location: obliteration of the perinephric fat outlining the psoas muscle; lateral displacement of the fat outlining the posterior right lobe of the liver; rotation of the intrahepatic portal veins to the left; anterior displacement of the inferior vena cava and renal veins; and anterior displacement of the ascending colon, descending duodenum, or pancreatic head.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

The perihepatic spaces: computed tomographic and ultrasound imaging.

The appearance of perihepatic fluid collections on sectional imaging is discussed. The coronary ligamentous attachments of the right lobe of the liver to the diaphragm delineate a bare area that separates the right subphrenic and posterior subhepatic spaces. These attachments explain the configuration of right perihepatic fluid collections on sectional images and allow differentiation of subphrenic, posterior subhepatic, and pleural fluid with ultrasound and computed tomography. More medially, the caudate lobe of the liver invaginates the superior recess of the lesser sac, so that fluid collections within this recess may mimic intrahepatic masses on sectional images. This is illustrated with anatomic sections, computed tomographic scans, and ultrasound images.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

CT diagnosis of mediastinal and thoracic inlet venous obstruction.

The diagnosis of mediastinal or thoracic inlet venous obstruction can be made reliably by chest computed tomography (CT), and depends on the opacification of collateral venous channels during the continuous infusion of intravenous contrast media. The sectional anatomy of these collateral pathways is illustrated by examples from 50 consecutive patients. An understanding of this anatomy facilitates the diagnosis of obstruction of the superior vena cava or its major tributaries during routine chest CT. Although CT was inferior to contrast venography in opacifying peripheral collateral veins and determining the degree of obstruction, the information provided by CT obviated venography in most patients in this series. CT may be the initial procedure of choice in suspected mediastinal venous obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Seminoma: improved imaging and tumor characterization with computed tomography.

We report 2 cases of metastatic seminoma to emphasize the use of computed tomography in defining accurately the extent and volume of tumor before treatment. Computed tomography permits more direct visualization of the retroperitoneum, mesenteric and abdominal lymph nodes, and extra nodal extension of the tumor to other organ systems. Additionally, characteristic tissue densities are displayed (that is cyst and hemorrhage), which may serve as an index to the dynamics of tumor growth and change. Lymphography and venacavography are invasive studies and both share inherent limitations in imaging for seminoma. Cross-sectional imaging is more precise in describing treatment fields for radiation therapy. Results of treatment are monitored more confidently with computed tomography.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Appendiceal CT in 140 cases. Diagnostic criteria for acute and necrotizing appendicitis.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 140 patients with suspected acute appendicitis. Thin collimation (5 mm), intravenous contrast enhancement, 1-second scan times, and supplementary cecal air insufflation were emphasized. CT accuracy was 98% overall (137/140), and 99% in the 124 cases with early surgery. Necrotizing appendicitis was diagnosed by CT with 86% accuracy and 90% positive predictive value.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT and US of the pancreas.

The diagnostic capabilities of pancreatic imaging continue to improve with technological advancements in computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To update the practicing radiologist, this article summarizes the current literature on pancreatic imaging, with particular emphasis on CT and US. Pertinent clinical considerations of the disease entities are included, along with illustrative material from the authors' experience.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography, sonography, and MR imaging of abdominal tuberculosis.

The CT, sonographic, and magnetic resonance findings of a case of abdominal tuberculosis are presented. A diffusely thickened, enhanced peritoneum was imaged best on CT. Sonography was the only imaging modality to demonstrate septations within the tuberculous ascites. Magnetic resonance contributed no additional information.

Adult↗