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Biomedical subjects

W Adams

Publications and source records attributed to W Adams.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Hepatocellular carcinoma in western Sydney.

All the cases of proven hepatocellular carcinoma seen at Westmead Hospital, Sydney between January 1980 and the end of 1987 were reviewed. Hepatitis B infection was the major predisposing condition. Six patients had taken significant doses of sex steroids. Seventeen of the patients were cirrhotic at the time of diagnosis and in seven of these there was a significant history of alcohol abuse. AFP was elevated in only 15 of the 34 patients. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the single, independent determinant of a raised AFP level was found to be presence of Hepatitis B infection. Resection was possible in 10 patients. In the last ten months, seven patients have been treated by embolisation of the tumour with Adriamycin bonded to lipidol. Survival was influenced by the presence or absence of cirrhosis but not by evidence of Hepatitis B infection. The prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Australia is as dismal as it is in any other country. Although a rare tumour its incidence may well increase as the community now contains relatively greater numbers of immigrants from areas where the risk of developing a hepatocellular carcinoma is higher and because of the number of drug addicts who are frequently exposed to Hepatitis B infection. With the exception of patients with Hepatitis B infection, screening with AFP holds little promise in the Caucasian community.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1982

Effect of methylphenidate on thought processing time in children.

Methylphenidate is commonly prescribed for children in order to improve attentional aspects of their behavior. However, resultant long-term academic improvement in these children is negligible. To investigate this discrepancy, a reaction time paradigm was utilized with 10 males and 2 females (mean age was 9.8 years; SD, 1.6 years) diagnosed as having an attentional deficit disorder. Using a double-blind procedure with methylphenidate and a placebo, a decrease in simple reaction time was found in the medication condition. However, no drug effect was found on decision times using a choice reaction time task. It was concluded that methylphenidate and perhaps other stimulant medications affect attentional processes in hyperactive youth but may not affect those higher cortical processes required to make long-term academic gains.

Achievement↗
PubMed1982

The dilemma of anonymous reporting in child protective services.

Anonymous reports are routinely accepted for investigation as part of a nationwide effort to counteract child abuse and neglect. However, these reports pose practical difficulties for investigators and frequently prove false. The authors discuss the results of their study of anonymous reporting in one catchment area, which has implications for risk assessment and legislative and administrative changes in child protection services policy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Nebulised cromoglycate, theophylline, and placebo in preschool asthmatic children.

Sixteen children aged under 5 years with chronic asthma completed a double-blind crossover trial of treatment with oral choline theophyllinate (6.7 mg/kg four times daily) and nebulised sodium cromoglycate (20 mg four times daily). The trial comprised three 8-week treatment periods during which active sodium cromoglycate, active choline theophyllinate, and placebo were given in random order. Symptom scores for sleep disturbance, cough, wheeze, and daily activities were similar during the three treatment periods if results were analysed using Friedman's non-parametric analysis of variance. However the Mantel-Haenszel test showed that sodium cromoglycate was superior to placebo (P less than 0.05) in maintaining normal daily activities. Either regimen is safe and well tolerated by young children.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1981

Lack of behavioral effects from Feingold diet violations.

Children were included in this challenge study if according to parental report (1) the child's hyperactive behavior had been noticeably improved for at least 3 mo. as a result of adherence to the Feingold diet and (2) dietary violations such as those used in the study were reported to have a noticeable negative effect. Evaluations of 14 objective measures in a double-blind, cross-over design yielded no significant differences between diet infraction and noninfraction conditions. In addition to questioning the stated efficacy of the diet, findings suggest that one should not depend solely on parental report when evaluating a dietary effect and should also weight potential negative effect of adherence to the diet.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of assaultive hair pulling in a multihandicapped youth.

The course of treatment for hair pulling in a moderately retarded, visually impaired 9-year-old male is described along with the effectiveness of an ammonia inhalation procedure to eliminate this behavior. However, before discovering this successful procedure, other well-known techniques such as DRO, TO, overcorrection, and shaping all failed. Since rapid treatment effectiveness could be assumed to be the norm, given the operant literature, the extensive course of treatment reported here serves to document that perseverance may also be a necessary component of successful behavior management strategies.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

Regional variations in mortality from ischaemic heart and cerebrovascular disease in Britain.

In middle-aged men and women, mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease is highest in the north and west of Britain. The worst region is West Central Scotland. Statistical analysis using a linear logistic model shows that the differences between the regions are significant and the yearly fluctuation in numbers of deaths contributes little to the overall variation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect of cholesterol oleate treatment of mice on the rosette forming cell response against sheep erythrocytes.

Mice injected with a single dose of 60 mg cholesterol oleate emulsion showed substantial blockade of the monoclear phagocyte system measured by the rate of vascular clearance of radio-labelled sheep erythrocytes. The labelled rythrocytes, in lipid treated mice, localized mainly in the spleen, contrasting with control mice in which localization was mainly in the liver. Treatment with this lipid, 24 hr before the intravenous of two different doses of sheep erythrocytes, resulted in significant depression of the rosette forming cell response in the spleen, whereas the responses in the lymph nodes of both control and lipid treated mice were at a low level and not significantly different. Intravenously administered cholesterol oleate emulsion is known to localize mainly in the Kupffer cells and in splenic red pulp macrophages. Cultured macrophages treated with this lipid show inhibition of antigen-binding and depressed phagocytosis of heterologous erythrocytes. The lipid does not affect lymphocytes. These findings are in keeping with the hypothesis that macrophages play a direct role in the induction of an immune response against a particulate antigen.

Animals↗