PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W Auffermann

Publications and source records attributed to W Auffermann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Diagnosis of recurrent hyperparathyroidism: comparison of MR imaging and other imaging techniques.

Several reports have indicated good results with MR imaging of hyperparathyroidism. However, its use in recurrent hyperparathyroidism has not been assessed separately. Thirty patients with recurrent hyperparathyroidism were evaluated by MR with both T1- and T2-weighted images. Twenty-six and 23 of these patients, respectively, also had thallium-201 scintigraphy and high-resolution sonography. For the 28 patients who eventually had surgical exploration and histologic evidence of adenoma (21 cases) or hypoplasia (seven cases), MR accurately located abnormal parathyroid glands in 75% evaluated prospectively and 89% evaluated retrospectively. Scintigraphy located 68% prospectively and 76% retrospectively. Sonography detected 57% prospectively and 67% retrospectively. For patients undergoing three studies, the prospective and retrospective detection rate was significantly better (p less than .05) for MR compared with sonography but was not significantly different for MR and scintigraphy. MR detected three of four mediastinal adenomas evaluated prospectively and retrospectively. One false-positive case was seen with MR, one with scintigraphy, and one with sonography. Thus, MR can be used to locate abnormal parathyroid tissue at a rate equal to or better than scintigraphy or sonography.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Tissue reaction following endobronchial application of iopamidol and ioxithalamate in rats.

Lung tissue reaction to endobronchial application of iopamidol and ioxithalamate were compared by chest radiograph and histological examination in the rat. Radiographs cleared within hours in both groups. Tissue reaction after ioxithalamate application was significantly more pronounced than with iopamidol and included macrophage response, partial atelectasis, and intra-alveolar and interstitial oedema. Different from iopamidol, ioxithalamate induced a significantly stronger reaction than tracheotomy alone. Because no important significant side effects were observed on chest radiographs or in lung histology, iopamidol is recommended for the radiological examination of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with an increased risk of aspiration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis of prosthetic aortic graft infection by magnetic resonance imaging.

The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of prosthetic aortic graft infection was evaluated in 18 patients with history and findings suggestive of this complication. The prospective interpretation of MRI was compared with surgical findings. Sixteen patients had a graft infection verified at operation. Fourteen patients had infection of the retroperitoneal portion of the graft; two patients had an infection limited to one of the groins; no graft infection was found at surgical exploration in the remaining two patients. Perigraft infection was correctly diagnosed on the basis of MRI findings in 14 of 16 cases; findings were false negative in one case, questionable in another case, and correctly excluded graft infection in two of two cases. MRI also defined the extent of infection in 14 of 16 cases. MRI findings that supported the clinical suspicion of graft infection were perigraft fluid collections remaining more than 3 months after surgery. Furthermore, local inflammation was suggested by an increased signal intensity of adjacent muscle on T2-weighted images in some cases. CT scans were performed in 12 patients; these enabled a correct diagnosis in five and provided indeterminate or false information in seven. These results indicate that MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of aortic graft infection. Furthermore, MRI provides information about the extent of infection crucial for planning therapy.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Cytological grading of therapy-induced tumor regression in prostatic carcinoma: proposal of a new system.

Proposed in this article is a new system for the cytological grading of therapy-induced regression of prostatic carcinoma. Reversible and irreversible criteria in cytoplasm, nuclei, and nucleoli are distinguished and rated independently of each other on a scale of 0 to 2; the cellular regression grades r1-r3 are the sum of rating numbers. Criteria that are invalid for grading regression are pointed out. Results of the clinical testing of this grading system are presented.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

[Diagnosis of obstruction and stone passage following ESWL therapy (extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy)].

78 patients with ureteral formations of stone fragments after ESWL therapy have been controlled by both ultrasound and plain abdominal films. Detection of renal stone fragments was possible similarly by sonography or radiographs. The plain films demonstrated well location and length of the "Steinstrasse", which did not necessarily cause obstruction. Combination of sonography and plain abdominal film allows an easy follow-up after ESWL therapy, so i.v. urogramm is not aquired routinely.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[AIDS in a woman having had sexual relations with a patient with hemophilia A. Characteristic findings in DNA image cytometry].

A 37-year-old female patient reported marked weight loss, prolonged alopecia, recurrent infections and watery diarrhoea. Examination revealed Salmonella infection, candidiasis and immunological signs of previous toxoplasmosis. Between 1978 and 1981, the patient had had close sexual relations to a patient with haemophilia A. Due to this fact, AIDS was suspected. Serological tests for HIV were not available at the time. The findings in DNA image cytometry (nuclear DNA inclusion bodies, polyploid lymphocyte nuclei and binuclear lymphocytes) suggested a viral infection of the lymphoid cells. Electron microscopy revealed in hepatocytes and cerebral cells intranuclear inclusion bodies whose size and contents were not compatible with an infection caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes virus or Epstein-Barr virus. In autopsy, infections of various organ systems such as pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, urocystitis, pyelonephritis, Candida oesophagitis and enteritis were found.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

DNA image cytometry in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

In nine cases with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), including four stage I cases, three stage II cases and two stage III cases, DNA image cytometry was performed on Feulgen-stained lymph node imprint smears. Diploidy was found in three cases, tetraploidy in three cases and octoploidy in two cases. Aneuploid DNA distribution patterns were not seen. The lymphoid cells showed an enormously increased proliferation rate. Two cases in stage I revealed characteristic intranuclear DNA inclusions in lymphoid cells. These results indicate that DNA image cytometry may be useful as an adjunct to surgical pathology in certain cases to assist in the differential diagnosis between AIDS and benign conditions of the lymphoid system as well as between AIDS and malignant lymphomas, which usually have aneuploid DNA patterns.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis and grading of malignancy in squamous epithelial lesions of the larynx with DNA cytophotometry.

For diagnostic purposes 14 histologically benign, 15 dysplastic, and 16 malignant squamous epithelial lesions were subjected to DNA cytophotometry. Results were computed according to an algorithm for DNA diagnosis and grading of malignancy. In cases of unequivocally malignant or benign lesions all DNA diagnoses agreed with the histologic diagnoses. In one case the allegedly faulty DNA diagnosis of cancer was proven to be correct on clinical follow-up. Within the group of histologically mild to moderate dysplasias the algorithm identified four cases as malignant that were proved to be malignant either in the follow-up or at another site of the same lesion. With the aid of the DNA malignancy grade two groups of patients with squamous epithelial carcinomas of the larynx could be discerned with a highly significant difference according to their survival times.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Immunopathology of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) observations in 75 patients with pre-AIDS and AIDS.

Sequential changes in the morphology of immunocompetent and other organs, in the accompanying immunocytological and immunovirological measurements are described in 75 patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome and with AIDS. The data presented demonstrate a stepwise development of the disease from a hyperimmunization syndrome to T-cell immune deficiency. Excessive antigenic stimulation by a large number of infectious organisms or by transfusion of blood and blood products account for antigenic overloading and hyperimmunization. Among such infectious organisms are certain viruses which per se interfere with cells of the immune system as for instance Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and HTLV3. Developing immunological incompetence will favor the persistence of these and other infectious organisms enhancing the damage of the immune reactivity and finally allow lethal infections or malignant tumors to occur.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Early detection of precancerous lesions in dysplasias of the lung by rapid DNA image cytometry.

Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained cytologic smears of sputum from 28 patients with dysplastic and suspicious cell findings were subjected to DNA image cytometry after Feulgen restaining. The nuclear DNA contents were measured with a TV-based image-analysis system, the Leitz TAS plus, combined with an automatic microscope. Computation of DNA data was performed according to an algorithm for the diagnosis and grading of malignancy. Of the 19 cases that were proven to be malignant in the follow-up, either by histologic examination, sputum cytology, fine needle aspiration biopsy or autopsy, the algorithm identified 17 as malignant in a stage (dysplasia) in which cytology was not yet able to present a definite diagnosis of malignancy. Only two cases of bronchial carcinoma were not detected in the state of dysplasia by this procedure. The periods between the DNA diagnosis of malignancy in dysplasia and the morphologic evidence of cancer varied from three days up to six months. Of the 11 cases that had been classified as benign by the algorithm, 9 were confirmed as benign during the clinical follow-up. Rapid DNA image cytometry appears able to separate squamous dysplasias of the lung into precancerous and nonprecancerous lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

DNA grading of malignancy and tumor regression in prostatic carcinoma under hormone therapy.

The prognostic value of the DNA malignancy grade (DNA-MG) and of the DNA regression index (DNA-RI) for survival was tested in 19 patients with prostatic carcinoma under hormone therapy. Measurements were performed on repeated Feulgen-stained transrectal aspiration biopsy smears by DNA image cytometry. The DNA-MG was demonstrated to be an objective scalar index of high prognostic value for the individual patient. The prospective tumor response to hormone therapy could be predicted from the DNA-MG. Independently of the DNA-MG, the DNA-RI provided additional prognostic information concerning tumor regression and survival of prostatic cancer patients under conservative therapy. The determination of DNA-RI allows the early identification of an ineffective conservative therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Cytology of prostatic carcinoma. Quantification and validation of diagnostic criteria.

The validity of diagnostic criteria for the cytologic differentiation between benign and malignant cases and between normal (hyperplastic) and inflammation-activated (prostatitis) prostatic cells was tested by means of semiautomated image analysis and cytophotometry. The following criteria were found to have significant differences between benign and malignant prostatic cells: nucleoli (number, size and size variability), regularity of nuclear arrangement, anisonucleosis, nuclear size, nuclear polymorphism and dissociation of cells. The following criteria were found to be invalid for the detection of prostatic cancer cells: nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, hyperchromasia and anisochromasia. the cytologic diagnosis of prostatic cancer was achieved by observing a variable constellation of at least three of six pathognomically altered diagnostic criteria. No fixed pattern of diagnostic criteria was found either for prostatic cancer cells in general or for the different malignancy grades.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Rapid diagnostic DNA cytometry with an automatic microscope and a TV image-analysis system.

A TV-based image-analysis system (Leitz TAS plus) combined with a Leitz automatic microscope was used for rapid DNA cytometry for diagnostic purposes. Malignant or suspicious cells found by the cytopathologists in conventionally stained smears were automatically relocated and measured. A program for automatic detection and measurement of nuclear DNA content was developed. DNA data are processed by an algorithm for the diagnosis and grading of malignancy. This diagnostic procedure is performed in real time and yields highly reproducible results. With this equipment, diagnostic DNA cytometry may be introduced in the routine cytology laboratory. Our mode of application does not replace the cytopathologist, but assists him or her in cases of doubtful diagnosis and in the grading of malignant tumors.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1984

Algorithm for a DNA-cytophotometric diagnosis and grading of malignancy.

An algorithm for processing data on nuclear DNA content obtained cytophotometrically was developed (1) to obtain an objective discrimination between benign and malignant lesions in conventional cytologic smears secondarily stained according to Feulgen and (2) to obtain an objective degree of tumor malignancy on a continuous scale of malignancy grades. Investigations in 258 malignant tumors (95 malignant lymphomas, 52 uterine cervix carcinomas, 28 prostate carcinomas, 18 breast carcinomas, 45 malignant bone tumors and 19 larynx carcinomas) and in 74 benign lesions in these organs yielded a diagnostic accuracy of no false-positive, no false-negative and 21% suspicious diagnoses. The probability that "suspicious" cases were malignant was 81%. The overall diagnostic accuracy for non-negative cases thus amounted to 100%. Results in 95 patients with different malignant lymphomas and in 16 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx demonstrated the prognostic validity of the DNA-grading system.

Cell Nucleus↗