An ultrastructural study of canine mesothelioma.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
W B Morrison
Publications and source records attributed to W B Morrison.
Paraneoplastic syndromes of the dog.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Partial interosseous ligament tears of the wrist: difficulty in utilizing either primary or secondary MRI signs.
PURPOSE: Prior reports on scapholunate ligament (SLL) and lunotriquetral ligament (LTL) tears have evaluated complete tears. As these complete tears have markedly different biomechanical manifestations and surgical considerations than do partial tears, we evaluated the accuracy of MR and the usefulness of secondary MR signs to diagnose partial interosseous ligament tears. METHOD: Fifty wrists in 50 patients underwent arthroscopy following 1.5 T MR. Images were evaluated by two independent blinded observers for normal or partially torn SLL and LTL and for three secondary signs potentially seen as mechanical sequelae of tears: osseous offset, arc disruption, or focal osteoarthritis. RESULTS: Arthroscopically, there were 16 SLL and 14 LTL partial tears. Accuracy of primary MR signs of partial tears was lower than that described in the literature for complete tears [sensitivity/specificity (kappa) = 0.56/0.56 (0.12)-SLL, 0.31/0.76 (0.13)-LTL]. Secondary signs showed low sensitivity but high specificity, particularly for LTL tears: arc disruption [0.17/0.83 (0.43)-SLL, 0.0/1.00 (1.0)- LTL], focal osteoarthritis [0.32/0.78 (0.18)-SLL, 0.11/0.91 (0.12)-LTL], and focal osseous offset [0.39/0.75 (0.10)-SLL, 0.26/0.93 (0.39)-LTL]. Additionally, there was poor interobserver consistency for both primary and secondary signs. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of morphologic evaluation for diagnosing partial intercarpal ligament tears, particularly those of the LTL, is limited. Secondary signs increase specificity but have low sensitivity, and with the exception of arc disruption, all signs had poor interobserver agreement.
Adult↗
Injuries to the distal gastrocnemius muscle: MR findings.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the MR findings of injuries to the distal gastrocnemius muscle. METHOD: Twenty patients with clinically confirmed injuries to the distal gastrocnemius muscle underwent MRI. The injuries were evaluated with regard to abnormal morphology or signal abnormality, site, and degree of tearing. RESULTS: Twenty-three injuries to the distal gastrocnemius occurred in 20 patients, with involvement of the myotendinous junction in 22 of 23 (96%) injuries. An interstitial tear of the proximal Achilles tendon was present in one instance. Myotendinous strains were the most common injuries (10/23; 43%); partial tears (7/23; 30%) and complete tears (5/23; 22%) of the myotendinous junction or proximal Achilles tendon were less frequent. When an injury to the gastrocnemius myotendinous junction was present, involvement of the medial head (19/22; 86%) was more frequent than involvement of the lateral head (3/22; 14%). CONCLUSION: MRI allows accurate imaging of distal gastrocnemius muscle injuries. When occurring, distal gastrocnemius muscle injuries most frequently involve the myotendinous junction of the medial gastrocnemius head and occasionally the lateral gastrocnemius head or the proximal Achilles tendon.
Achilles Tendon↗
Medial patellofemoral ligament injury following acute transient dislocation of the patella: MR findings with surgical correlation in 14 patients.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of MRI in determining both the extent and the location of injury to the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). METHOD: MR findings were compared to the surgical results of 14 consecutive patients who experienced transient patellar dislocation. Two musculoskeletal radiologists, blinded to the surgical results, retrospectively reviewed the MR studies, and a consensus reading was obtained. RESULTS: Surgery demonstrated complete disruption of the MPFL in 7 of 14 patients (50%), with stretching or partial tearing of the MPFL in the remaining 7 (50%) patients. MRI was 85% sensitive and 70% accurate in detecting MPFL disruption. Vastus medialis obliquus muscle elevation was present in 12 of 14 (85%). CONCLUSION: MRI accurately depicts both the extent and the location of MPFL injury following transient patellar dislocation and can therefore play a significant role in directing surgical management of these patients.
Acute Disease↗
Magnetic resonance arthrography of the canine stifle joint: technique and applications in eleven military dogs.
The stifle joints of eleven military working dogs were evaluated using conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography. A protocol optimizing MR imaging of the canine stifle joint is discussed, as well as potential uses for administration of intra-articular gadolinium. The technique for performing MR arthrography is described, and post-contrast image findings are reviewed. MR arthrography was performed by using an intra-articular injection of diluted gadolinium. Consistently good quality images were obtained, and no complications were clinically detected following MR arthrography. Cranial cruciate ligament abnormalities were seen in six dogs, meniscal abnormalities were visualized in nine menisci, and synovitis and medial ligament strain were seen in eight dogs. Surgical and post-mortem confirmation of these findings is discussed in seven dogs. Although MR arthrography adds an invasive procedure to conventional MR imaging, it can provide useful information on pathologic changes in the canine stifle joint.
Animals↗
Primary ciliary dyskinesia in the dog.
Electron microscopy was used to diagnose primary ciliary dyskinesia in a litter of English pointer dogs and in a golden retriever dog. A technique of membrane solubilization, fixation, and negative staining with glutaraldehyde tannic acid identified abnormally constructed central and B microtubules in respiratory cilia from dogs with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Shortened outer dynein arms commonly associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia actually represents the absence of a specific subset of the three most peripheral components of the whole outer dynein arm structure.
Animals↗
Amputation and cisplatin for treatment of canine osteosarcoma.
Seventy-one dogs with histologically confirmed appendicular osteosarcoma were evaluated. Seventeen dogs were treated with amputation and two postoperative [corrected] doses of IV cisplatin given 21 days apart (group 1). Nineteen dogs were treated with IV cisplatin 21 days before amputation, with a second dose given immediately after amputation (group 2). Thirty-five dogs were treated by amputation of the affected limb with no chemotherapy (group 3). The median disease-free interval for group 1 was 226 days, and 177 days for group 2. This was not significantly different. The median survival time was 262 days for group 1, 282 days for group 2 and 119 days for group 3. Group 1 and 2 dogs had survival times that were significantly longer than for dogs in group 3. Two IV courses of cisplatin given before or after amputation appears to improve the survival of dogs with osteosarcoma.
Amputation, Surgical↗
Hypoglycemia in four dogs with smooth muscle tumors.
Tumor-associated hypoglycemia has been reported in dogs with pancreatic beta-cell tumors, hepatic tumors, and, rarely, with other neoplasms. This article describes 4 dogs with marked hypoglycemia associated with smooth muscle tumors (jejunal leiomyoma, gastric leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma, and splenic leiomyosarcoma). Presenting clinical signs included grand mal seizures, lethargy, weakness, ataxia, and, in 1 dog, polyuria/polydipsia. The serum insulin concentration was low in 1 dog and normal in the other dog evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining for insulin was negative in the 4 tumors; the 3 tumors arising from the stomach and jejunum stained diffusely positive for glucagon. Blood glucose concentrations rapidly returned to normal after complete surgical resection of the tumors, and clinical signs associated with hypoglycemia resolved. Long-term follow-up available in 3 of the 4 dogs found no recurrence of clinical signs related to hypoglycemia at 15, 31, and 38 months after surgery, respectively.
Animals↗
Imaging techniques for the evaluation of glenohumeral instability.
The ability to image lesions associated with glenohumeral instability has evolved significantly over the past 2 decades. In the past, several imaging techniques ranging from conventional radiography to computerized axial arthrography and, most recently, to magnetic resonance imaging have been used to depict various labral abnormalities. In most instances, conventional radiography remains the initial imaging study for evaluating the patient with persistent shoulder pain and instability. Recently, however, magnetic resonance arthrography has been firmly established as the imaging modality of choice for demonstrating specific soft tissue abnormalities associated with glenohumeral instability. This article will review the role of various imaging modalities including conventional radiography, conventional arthrography, computerized axial arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance arthrography. Emphasis will be placed on the role of magnetic resonance arthrography as it pertains to the lesions associated with glenohumeral instability. A thorough discussion of the appearance of normal anatomic structures, anatomic variations that mimic abnormality, and the various lesions associated with glenohumeral instability will be provided.
Arthrography↗
Primary rib tumors in 54 dogs.
Fifty-four dogs with primary tumors of the rib were evaluated. Thirty-four dogs had osteosarcomas, 15 dogs had chondrosarcomas, three dogs had hemangiosarcomas, and two dogs had fibrosarcomas. Forty-nine dogs had en bloc excision. Within the osteosarcoma group, nine animals received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. These animals had significantly longer median disease-free intervals (225 days) and median survival times (240 days) than dogs with osteosarcoma treated by surgery alone (median disease-free interval, 60 days; median survival, 90 days). Chondrosarcoma had a better prognosis (median disease-free interval, 1,080 days; median survival, 1,080 days) than osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, or fibrosarcoma of the rib. Age, weight, sex, number of ribs resected, tumor volume, and total cisplatin dose did not influence survival nor disease-free interval.
Animals↗
Canine mandibular osteosarcoma: 51 cases (1980-1992).
Fifty-one dogs treated for mandibular osteosarcomas (OSs) were studied retrospectively. Treatments were partial mandibulectomy (n = 32); partial mandibulectomy and chemotherapy (n = 10); partial mandibulectomy and radiation therapy (n = 3); partial mandibulectomy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy (n = 4); and radiation therapy alone (n = 2). The overall one-year survival rate was 59.3%. Dogs treated with surgery alone had a one-year survival rate of 71%, which is higher than the one-year survival rate for dogs with appendicular OSs treated with surgery alone (p of 0.001 or less; hazard ratio of 0.29). There was no apparent effect of various treatment modalities, nor institution where treatment was given, nor histological type. Histological score and, to a lesser extent, histological grade were predictive of survival outcome.
Animals↗
Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and pheochromocytoma in a cat.
A 15-year-old, castrated male domestic shorthair was presented for a recurrent, perineal apocrine gland adenocarcinoma. A right adrenal mass was identified on abdominal radiography and ultrasonography performed as routine staging prior to surgical excision of the perineal tumor. An ultrasonographic-guided biopsy of the adrenal mass was performed and a pheochromocytoma was diagnosed upon histopathology. The perineal and adrenal tumors were removed surgically. The cat developed fatal thromboembolic disease following surgery and was euthanized. This is the third reported case of phenochromocytoma in a cat and is unusual in that two rare tumors were identified in one animal.
Adenocarcinoma↗