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Biomedical subjects

W B Young

Publications and source records attributed to W B Young.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Transcranial Doppler: technique and application to headache.

This article reviews the technique and physics relevant to a functional understanding of transcranial doppler. The frequently contradictory findings in migraine are reviewed. Several studies suggest increased flow velocities are common in the interictal period. There are disparate findings between studies of the ictal period. In cluster headache, there appear to be more easily reproduced changes between and during cluster attacks.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed1991

The effect of education on the practice of nursing.

This study examines the influence of investments in education on the nature of activities performed on the job. Specifically, attention is focused on whether registered nurses (RNs) with a baccalaureate degree differ from graduates of other programs entailing less schooling in the frequency with which they perform various nursing functions. Results of an ordered probit model using data from the 1986 Biennial Survey of Illinois RNs show that baccalaureate nurses perform high skill functions more often, indicating that education does influence the nature of work activities. Combined with the finding in previous studies that baccalaureate nurses earn significantly higher wages, these results suggest that the labor market differentiates among nurses by education, raising questions about the need to change current licensure laws on informational grounds.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between task complexity and decision-making consistency.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between task complexity and decision-making consistency using a normative decision model. The Decision Analytic Questionnaire (DAQ), an instrument designed to measure nurses' decision making under increasingly uncertain and complex conditions, was administered to a stratified random sample of 101 paid volunteer medical-surgical nurses drawn from three public teaching hospitals. Probit analysis was used to construct a profile of the decision maker whose decisions coincided with those of the model. Results indicated that nurses made clinical decisions that coincided with those recommended by a normative decision model but that agreement diminished as task complexity increased (p less than .005). The results also indicated that consistency was task specific, that predictive variables were a function of decision task and that more predictor variables were needed to explain consistency as task complexity increased.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1990

Prognostic significance of ventricular blood in supratentorial hemorrhage: a volumetric study.

We reviewed CTs from 47 patients with 48 spontaneous, supratentorial brain hemorrhages to determine the effect of ventricular blood on outcome. We correlated volumetric analysis of the parenchymal (P) and ventricular (V) blood, as well as other clinical and CT features, with clinical outcome in a statistical analysis. Hemorrhages were located in putamen 20/48 (42%), thalamus 13/48 (27%), lobar 9/48 (19%), caudate 3/48 (6%), and miscellaneous locations 3/48 (6%). Outcome in putaminal hemorrhages was highly correlated with the total (P + V) and P blood volumes, whereas the V blood was less important. For thalamic hemorrhages, outcome correlated more highly with the V and P + V volumes than with the P portion. Outcome for all hemorrhages was significantly correlated, in descending order of importance, with the severity of the initial neurologic deficit, P + V blood, hydrocephalus, the number of ventricles containing blood, P, V, and blood in the 4th ventricle. In general patients with more than 20 cc of V blood did poorly. Although hydrocephalus was associated with poor outcome, ventricular drainage did not benefit 8 of 9 patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Baccalaureate entry into practice: an example of political innovation and diffusion.

Activity within several states over the past two decades to require a baccalaureate nursing degree as the minimum educational preparation for licensure as a registered professional nurse is reviewed as an example of policy innovation and diffusion. Sufficient ratio of baccalaureate degree to associate degree programs and political party turnover in the governor's office have frequently accompanied private and public policy action on BS entry.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1989

Metamorphopsia and palinopsia. Association with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in a patient with malignant astrocytoma.

A patient with a right parietal glioma developed palinopsia and various forms of metamorphopsia that were temporally related to the electrographic presence of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. These symptoms occurred in an alert woman with normal visual fields. The literature shows that epileptic events can produce these symptoms. We believe that continuous repetitive electrical stimulation caused our patient's unusual symptoms by altering the association pathways through which visual data are experienced. To our knowledge, the association between periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges and metamorphopsia or palinopsia has heretofore not been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Targeting recruitment efforts for increased retention.

Recruitment efforts can be targeted towards Registered Nurses demonstrating specific sociometric, education, and practice variables. The authors describe the significant differences found in the comparative analysis within three sets of variables among two groups of hospital-employed Registered Nurses who reside in the suburbs of Chicago. These data can direct nursing administrators in strategic recruitment and retention marketing plans.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1989

Taking advantage of the older age profile of today's registered nurses.

Our country's population is aging. It shouldn't be a surprise that the nurse population is growing grayer. What should that mean to the employer who is faced with wooing the older professional? Young makes us aware of our youth-oriented employment policies and their flaws for our own demographic population.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Evolution of bone disease over 10 years in 135 patients with terminal renal failure.

An objective radiographic study of erosions, fractures, and periarticular and vascular calcification was made in a series of 135 patients over 10 years of maintenance haemodialysis therapy. The four lesions progressed at different rates, consistent with variation in the response of tissues to a changing biochemical milieu and deficiency in vitamin D metabolites. The half time for development of individual radiographic signs was 3.4 years for vascular calcification, 9 years for fractures, 16 years for periarticular calcification, and 22.9 years for erosions. Calcification of the dorsalis pedis artery seen as a developing ring or tube was an early and valuable sign of disturbed calcium metabolism. In these patients renal osteodystrophy is a chronic condition with a prolonged time course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

A study of six patients with hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa with particular reference to albumin metabolism.

Six patients with hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa (Menetrier's disease) have been studied. An incorrect diagnosis was initially made in four patients. The correct diagnosis was suggested by the appearances either of barium meal radiographs of the stomach or at gastroscopy. Estimates of both basal and maximal gastric acid secretion were within normal limits. A definitive histological diagnosis requires an adequate full-thickness biopsy of the wall of the stomach; a peroral gastric mucosal biopsy is of no value in this context. There was no evidence of premalignant change in the histological material available but five of the patients were shown to have concomitant superficial gastritis. Subtotal gastrectomy in four of the patients was followed by a striking amelioration of abdominal pain, which was only temporary in one patient. Albumin metabolism was studied in five of the patients, four of whom had concomitant superficial gastritis. None of the patients had hypoalbuminaemia. However, the fractional catabolic rate of albumin measured with ((131)I)-albumin was shown in four of these patients to be increased, while the absolute catabolic rate was similar to that in control subjects. Similar results were obtained for albumin synthesis in three of the patients using the ((14)C)-carbonate method. In two of the patients subtotal gastrectomy was associated with a marked reduction of the fractional catabolic rate of albumin and in one, using ((125)I)-fibrinogen, with a relatively less marked reduction in the fractional catabolic rate of fibrinogen. These results indicate that abnormal albumin metabolism can be demonstrated in patients with this syndrome in spite of normal plasma albumin concentrations. The detection of the abnormal albumin metabolism can be of diagnostic value in patients with this gastric lesion. The abnormalities of albumin metabolism found are consistent with excessive loss of albumin into the stomach and the presence of superficial gastritis could have contributed to protein loss.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decision making. Stability of clinical decisions.

Clinical decisions of 101 medical-surgical nurses were examined for stability. Results indicate that slightly more than 50% of the subjects made stable clinical decisions or decisions not likely to be reversed with minor changes in the clinical data. The findings also reveal that stability was related to hospital setting and country in which the nurses received their education. The authors provide possible explanations for these observations, and recommendations for nursing education and practice.

Clinical Competence↗