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Biomedical subjects

W Bachmann

Publications and source records attributed to W Bachmann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Clinical testing of a new blood glucose measuring system. A cooperative study at 8 centers].

The glucometer II system is a small measurement device with built-in batch-specific pressbutton calibration. The corresponding test strip "Glucostix" uses a two-color system. The blood glucose test strip can be evaluated both visually and by instrument. The precision determined in series was between 2.0% and 6.7% using control sera. The day-to-day precision was between 1.5% and 7.9%. Comparison of the methods on the basis of 781 and 109 capillary blood samples respectively revealed a good agreement between the hexokinase method or the glucose oxidase method (Beckman analyser) and the glucometer II values. The precision of measurement by the system was comparable in the two test strip batches employed. Visual reading of the test strips revealed a good agreement with the laboratory method in the hypoglycemic and normoglycemic range; at higher concentrations of blood glucose, a trend to underestimation of the measurement values was shown. The easy handling and small size of the instrument facilitates measurement of blood glucose by the patient under everyday conditions.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1987

Sustained normoglycemia and remission phase in newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects. Comparison between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and conventional therapy during a one year follow-up.

After onset of type I diabetes 7 diabetics were randomized to subcutaneous insulin pump treatment (CSII) (age 12 to 29 years, mean: 21 years) and 7 diabetics to conventional insulin treatment (CI) (age 14 to 28 years, mean: 21 years). HbA1, glycosylated serum proteins and mean blood glucose (MBG) as parameters of metabolic control were determined monthly. After 2 months both groups showed HbA1 values in the normal range. Mean MBG values were (mean +/- SD) 116 +/- 7 mg/dl for CSII and 118 +/- 14 mg/dl for CI. Residual insulin secretion was determined monthly by fasting C-peptide. After 14 days, 5, 7, 8 months fasting C-peptide values were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in CI. After one year fasting C-peptide was comparable in both groups (CSII and CI mean: 0.06 nmol/l). The administered insulin dose was comparable in both groups with a 55% reduction of insulin dose after 5 months in CSII (0.35 +/- 0.15 U/kg/24 h) and in CI after 7 months (0.31 +/- 0.28 U/kg/24 h). After 12 months of insulin therapy about 60% of the initial insulin dose was injected in both groups. 1 patient on CSII (12 years) and 2 patients on CI (15, 28 years) showed a complete remission (for 3-9 months) with no exogenous insulin and normal HbA1 values. 50% of the patients had episodes where they did need less than 0.2 U/kg/24 h insulin to maintain optimal diabetic control (3 CSII, 4 CI). During the first year of insulin treatment in type I diabetes with CSII as well as with CI a comparable near normalisation of diabetic control could be achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Lack of a lipoprotein-induced insulin resistance in hepatoma cells in culture.

A lipoprotein-induced resistance to the action of insulin has been postulated. To test this hypothesis, cultured rat-derived hepatoma cells, designated FAO, and human-derived hepatoma cells, designated HEP-G2, were incubated for 20 h in the presence or absence of lipoprotein; specific 125I-insulin receptor binding and labeled glucose incorporation into glycogen were then measured. Very low density lipoproteins (d less than 1.006 g/ml) in physiologic (0.5 mg/ml) or pathophysiologic (5 mg/ml) concentrations did not modify insulin receptor binding of FAO or HEP-G2 cells. This was true for very low density lipoproteins derived from normal human, diabetic human, and streptozotocin-diabetic rat plasma. Low density lipoproteins (d = 1.019 - 1.063 g/ml) isolated from normal human plasma similarly failed to modify insulin receptor binding. Concerning insulin action, the different very low density lipoprotein preparations did not modulate either basal or insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into glycogen of the cells. Thus, very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins did not induce insulin resistance in cultured hepatoma cells either at the insulin receptor level or at the post-receptor level.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Experiences with Reflolux in blood sugar self testing].

As to correctness and accuracy the Reflolux system is comparable to the conventional measurement of blood glucose under laboratory conditions. Its handling is simple and safe so that diabetic patients are able to check their blood sugar reliably by self-control. Skilled patients achieve just as good results as laboratory personnel.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

Ciglitazone reverses cAMP-induced post-insulin receptor resistance in rat adipocytes in vitro.

Ciglitazone (cig), a thiazolidine-dione, lowers glucose and insulin levels in animal models of diabetes type II but not in controls. Since catecholamines given to rat adipocytes in vitro induce insulin resistance similar to that seen in type II diabetes in vivo, we measured the effect of cig on mono-A14-[125I]insulin binding and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport (GT) in isolated rat adipocytes treated with isoprenaline (iso, 10 microM). Cig (less than or equal to 5 microM) reversed (ED50 10 nM) the inhibitory effect of iso on insulin stimulation of GT. It had no effect on either basal or insulin stimulated GT. Furthermore, cig did not influence insulin binding either in the presence or absence of iso, which indicates that cig acts only on a post-insulin receptor level. Cig also reversed the inhibition of GT by both forskolin, a cyclase activator and RO20-1724, an imidazolidine phosphodiesterase inhibitor but not that of db-cAMP. It thus seems that cig does not act within the cAMP system but only neutralizes its inhibitory effect on the insulin stimulation of GT.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1984

Protein kinase activity of the insulin receptor from muscle.

The insulin receptor is associated with a protein kinase activity. This has been shown for the receptor of liver, fat, and some other tissues which are not primary targets of insulin action. Here kinase activity is demonstrated for the insulin receptor of rat skeletal and cardiac muscle with similar characteristics. Insulin (10(-7) mol/l) stimulates phosphorylation of the 95-kDa receptor subunit 3- to 18-fold. The effect is detectable at 10(-10) mol/l insulin; the ED50 is approx. 3 X 10(-9) mol/l. The kinase phosphorylates exogenous substrate as well, and it is recovered after immunoprecipitation of the receptor with antireceptor antibody suggesting that kinase activity is intrinsic to the muscle receptor.

Actins↗
PubMed1984

[Quantitative evaluation of rhinomanometric curves. A new simple method].

With the use of a new evaluation method, the rhinomanometric curve is quantified with only two measurements, both in the laminar and in the turbulent part of the curve. 1) The volume flow measured at a constant delta p of 15 mm of water defines the volume flow increase in the initial, more laminar part of the curve, and is in most cases a sufficient measure of the conductivity of the nose. The rule that governs the addition of parallel resistances is not broken when determining the bilateral breathing resistance. 2) The per cent volume increase (delta V) upon doubling the pressure difference (from 15 to 30 mm of water or, where conductivity is high, from 7.5 to 15 mm of water) quantifies the further increase of the curve and allows to distinguish characteristic from abnormal shapes of the curve. delta V gives an indication of the amount of turbulence in higher flows. The smaller the per cent volume increase the greater the turbulence. An increase by less than 41% indicates total turbulence, and under 25% delta V indicates a one-way stenosis by additional factors that cause narrowing of the lumen. The per cent volume increase (delta V) upon doubling delta p is a simple and easily understandable measurement. It is therefore superior in its simplicity to formula values such as resistance quotient, coefficient of resistance and increase of angle. The use of constant values of delta p (7.5, 15, 30 mm of water) ensures the comparability of the results. This procedure is applicable in both high and low air conductivity of the nose and is therefore suitable for statistical analysis. Furthermore, there is the possibility of an automatic evaluation of the rhinomanometric curve.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1983

[Radionuclide ventriculography in coronary heart disease].

Heart function can be investigated non-invasively and without risk for the patient by means of radionuclide ventriculography. Coronary artery disease can be diagnosed with high sensitivity and distinguished from other diseases of the heart with high specificity by typical alterations of heart function as seen in rest and/or exercise scans. The hemodynamic significance of invasively proven stenoses of coronary arteries can de demonstrated and the function and functional capacity of surviving vital myocardium after myocardial infarction can be quantified scintigraphically. The efficacy of medical and surgical therapy can be documented and the course of disease can be followed up.

Coronary Disease↗