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Biomedical subjects

W Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to W Bailey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prenatal diagnosis of a craniopharyngioma using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

We report an infant with a craniopharyngioma which was detected in utero. Maternal uterine ultrasonography, done at 27 weeks because of polyhydramnios, revealed a 4 cm midline mass near the base of the fetal skull. At 31 weeks, magnetic resonance imaging of the maternal abdomen confirmed the presence of a mass in the region of the third ventricle and revealed hydrocephalus. Two days post-partum a computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsy of the mass was performed and recovered tissue which was histologically consistent with a craniopharyngioma. The infant's postnatal period was complicated by seizures, which were treated with phenobarbital, and by progressive hydrocephalus, necessitating placement of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. He also received therapy for central hypothyroidism and diabetes insipidus. The infant's parents refused permission for attempted resection of the tumour and he died at 8 weeks of age. This represents the second reported case of an antenatally detected craniopharyngioma. Four other cases of different intracranial tumours have been detected in utero using ultrasound, with no reported survivors past 3 days of age. There is a uniformly poor prognosis of such infants, but earlier diagnosis and intervention may change this result.

Craniopharyngioma↗
PubMed1990

Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids.

The genetic distances among primate lineages estimated from orthologous noncoding nucleotide sequences of beta-type globin loci and their flanking and intergenic DNA agree closely with the distances (delta T50H values) estimated by cross hybridization of total genomic single-copy DNAs. These DNA distances and the maximum parsimony tree constructed for the nucleotide sequence orthologues depict a branching pattern of primate lineages that is essentially congruent with the picture from phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters. The molecular evidence, however, resolves ambiguities in the morphological picture and provides an objective view of the cladistic position of humans among the primates. The molecular data group humans with chimpanzees in subtribe Hominina, with gorillas in tribe Hominini, orangutans in subfamily Homininae, gibbons in family Hominidae, Old World monkeys in infraorder Catarrhini, New World monkeys in semisuborder Anthropoidea, tarsiers in suborder Haplorhini, and strepsirhines (lemuriforms and lorisiforms) in order Primates. A seeming incongruency between organismal and molecular levels of evolution, namely that morphological evolution appears to have speeded up in higher primates, especially in the lineage to humans, while molecular evolution has slowed down, may have the trivial explanation that relatively small genetic changes may sometimes result in marked phenotypic changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Spatial patterns of use of health services in the Kingston metropolitan area, Jamaica.

This study focuses on the influence of distance, transport and accessibility on the use of health services in Kingston, Jamaica. It reviews various factors affecting the use of health care with particular reference to Third World cities and presents results from a case study of utilization in the Kingston Metropolitan Area. Three pairs of sites of contrasting social status were selected and 50 respondents questioned in each about spatial patterns of primary health care (PHC) attendance. Types of facility attended, mode of transport, travel times, distance and frequency of utilization were discussed. Some distinctive differences appeared between low and high status site respondents with regard to distances to facilities and travel times, which were almost always higher for the low status respondents. Most respondents were not using their nearest facilities, for varying reasons which included, for poorer respondents, need to attend frequently distant public facilities and, for wealthier respondents, loyalty to old family doctors and use of company-related doctors. The mobility of the higher status respondents afforded them considerable choice of locations used for health care and their attendance was much more convenient than that of lower status respondents. Utilization rates were somewhat higher in the high status sites although not to the extent found by some earlier studies in similar settings.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1988

Women in search of stability.

This paper is based on a study of 97 recruits--50 sterilized and 47 non-sterilized--to a family planning programme in Kingston, Jamaica and tries to account for the reluctance of Jamaican women to accept contraceptive sterilization. The study demonstrates the association between mating patterns in the island and the acceptance of sterilization. This irreversible method was more likely to be chosen by women in more stable sexual unions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Child morbidity in the Kingston metropolitan area, Jamaica 1983.

The case reports of all children admitted to public and private hospitals in the Kingston metropolitan area were examined for an analysis, by special areas, of spatial variations in child morbidity. A Poisson probability test was applied in order to determine areas of significant excesses in admission rates and three special areas selected for a child health survey. At the 0.025 significance level 20 of the 72 special areas had significantly higher and three significantly lower levels of admission. The survey confirmed the pattern revealed by hospital admissions and suggested that the children of young, unemployed and single women may be particularly vulnerable.

Accidents↗
PubMed1986

A specific test for the identification of cyst fluid samples from suspected human hydatid infections.

A simple and sensitive two-step enzyme immunoassay for Echinococcus antigen was developed, using peroxidase conjugated IgG fractions of rabbit anti-Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid serum or of pooled sera from human hydatid patients, to assay samples of cystic fluid taken from patients with suspected hydatid cyst infections. The assay was 100% positive with nine proven human hydatid cyst fluids; in six patients with cysts where serology was negative, there was no evidence of Echinococcus antigen in the cyst fluid. This simple procedure is therefore of value in confirming or excluding the diagnosis of hydatid in cystic fluid obtained by biopsy or after surgery.

Antigens, Helminth↗
PubMed1982

Patterns of contraceptive use in Kingston and St Andrew, Jamaica, 1970--1977.

The records of a sample of Family Planning acceptors were examined to identify those factors which influenced the choice of a contraceptive and the drop-out rate in the period 1970--1977 inclusive. It was found that although a full range of contraceptives was theoretically available, as the 1970s advanced the effective choice appeared to lie between the two hormonal contraceptives, medroxyprogesterene acetate (Depo Provera) and the oral contraceptive pill with family size being the deciding factor. The drop-out rate as also influenced by family size with nulliparous women showing the highest rate. Explanations for the drop-out rates and the percentage of single visits made to the clinics were sought through the utilization of partial correlations. In both cases the average distance between the acceptor's home and the clinic appeared to play a decisive role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Influence of acetaldehyde, dietary protein, carbon tetrachloride and butylatedhydroxytoluene on the toxicity of methylmercury in rats.

The influence of environmental or dietary factors on the toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) was investigated due to possibilities that humans exposed to methylmercury may have been sensitized. Groups of 8 rats were exposed to 0, 20 or 40 ppm MeHg in a semisynthetic diet and fed 0.5% BHT, 5% protein (instead of 15%), or injected with 250 mg/kg CC14 or acetaldehyde. In control rats neurotoxicity occurred at 4 weeks and 9 weeks with 40 and 20 ppm MeHg, respectively. Mortality was observed at 6 weeks with 40 ppm and 1 rat died in week 9 with 20 ppm MeHg. Acetaldehyde injected rats died at week 4 and 6 when fed 40 or 20 ppm MeHg. Neurotoxicity was observed in week 3 and 5 in these groups, respectively. Treating rats with the low protein or BHT accelerated neurotoxicity and mortality by 1 week with 40 ppm MeHg. These agents had killed all test animals within 7 weeks at 20 ppm MeHg. Neither acetaldehyde nor BHT influenced 0 ppm MeHg controls while 5% protein induced precipitous weight loss. In the case of CC14, the rats lived longer in combination experiments than one would have expected from the individual treatments.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of mitochondrial DNA synthesis by aflatoxin B1 and dimethylnitrosamine.

The acute and subchronic effects of aflatoxin B1 and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on in vitro incorporation of thymidine-3H into DNA (mt-DNA) from mouse liver mitochondria were studied after single injection or after one month or three months of weekly injection. Both carcinogens induced 50% decreases in mt-DNA synthesis acutely, with a 50% decrease in synthesis of high molecular weight mt-DNA. Subchronic administration of aflatoxin B1 inhibited mt-DNA synthesis by 54% with elution profiles similar to the controls. DMN showed only a 29% inhibition of mt-DNA synthesis at one month increasing to 55% at three months.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1977

Leiomyomas of the rectum and anal canal: report of six cases and review of the literature.

Since 1872, 168 rectal leiomyomas have been reported in the world literature. Their incidence, therefore, is very low. It is estimated that one leiomyoma may be seen for every 2,000 or more rectal tumors. Those leiomyomas located in the anal canal and sphincter are the rarest. A case is reported here that appears to be the eleventh in such a location. The incidence of these lesions is highest between the ages of 40 and 59 years. Most patients have a combination of symptoms rather than a single one, the most frequent of these being the presence of a mass, bleeding, and constipation. Almost always, the chain of events that leads to the diagnosis starts when the tumor is discovered by digital examination of the rectum. The lack of reliable criteria of malignancy and the marked tendency to recur shown by these tumors are the two main problems the surgeon faces when selecting the operative procedure to be used. We believe that those tumors with an original size of 5 cm or more in largest diameter are the ones that have shown the highest tendency to recur, mostly as sarcomas. Therefore it is thought that these lesions should be treated radically from the beginning, especially when they recur. More adequate follow-up studies are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Papillary adenomas of the colon and rectum: a twelve-year review.

During a 12-year period, 185 patients with papillary adenomas of the colon and rectum were treated. The average age was 63 years and there was a 10 per cent female preponderance. Seventy-one per cent of the lesions occurred in the rectum and rectosigmoid, and 40 per cent of the patients had rectal bleeding. Fifty-two per cent of the lesions were malignant: however, only 9 per cent of the patients died with metastatic carcinoma. The five-year survival rate in patients with papillary adenocarcinoma was 75 per cent. The results of this review indicate that a conservative approach to the surgical management of papillary adenoma of the colon and rectum should be encouraged, unless the tumor contains or is suspected to contain invasive carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

PR objectives.

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Hospitals↗