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Biomedical subjects

W Bernhard

Publications and source records attributed to W Bernhard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Some anthropological aspects of the prehistoric Tyrolean ice man.

The corpse of a Late Neolithic individual found in a glacier in Oetztal is unusual because of the intact nature of all body parts that resulted from the characteristics of its mummification process and its protected geographical position with regard to glacier flow. Anthropological data indicate that the man was 25 to 40 years old, was between 156 and 160 centimeters in stature, had a cranial capacity of between 1500 and 1560 cubic centimeters, and likely died of exhaustion.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Lectinophagocytosis of type 1 fimbriated (mannose-specific) Escherichia coli in the mouse peritoneum.

Bacteria can bind specifically to phagocytic cells via lectin-carbohydrate interactions and such binding is often followed by activation and degranulation of the phagocytes, as well as uptake and killing of the bacteria, a phenomenon designated lectinophagocytosis. Although extensively studied in vitro, no direct evidence for the occurrence of lectinophagocytosis in vivo has been available. To obtain such evidence, we injected type 1 fimbriated (mannose-specific) or nonfimbriated Escherichia coli into the peritoneal cavity of mice (10(7)-10(10) bacteria/animal) in the absence or presence of sugars and quantified the phagocytic activity by assaying the release of lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase into the peritoneal fluid, up to 45 min after injection. Following injection of the type 1 fimbriated bacteria, significant release of the enzyme was observed which was time dependent and increased with the number of bacteria injected, whereas the nonfimbriated bacteria caused only little release. Methyl alpha-D-mannoside (50 mM), but not methyl alpha-D-galactoside or sucrose, inhibited the release by 60 to 100%. No release of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was induced by bacteria injected into a peritoneal cavity from which the macrophages had been removed. Our findings show that lectinophagocytosis can occur in vivo and may contribute to the host's defence against type 1 fimbriated bacteria.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

[The body muscle compartment and its relationship to food absorption and blood chemistry during an extreme endurance performance].

The purpose of the study was to examine the changes of the muscle's fat-free compartment and its relation to the corresponding biochemical and nutritional parameters of 42 men and 13 women, the participants of an ultra long-distance run of 1000 km (20 days of daily running 50 km). The muscle-fractions initially increased, decreased in the middle phase, and remained stable for the rest of the run. Significant changes of the fat-free weight were registered from the 11th day on, the LBM decreasing until the middle of the distance; then the lean body mass enlarged. All the muscle-circumferences were reduced with the exception of the thigh, which grew, paralleling the CK/CKMB-concentrations, this phenomenon being due to the high mechanical stress of the lower extremities. The biochemical parameters exhibit a strain-related reaction of adaptation within the initial 6 days, the hormones and protein-concentration increasing in the beginning and falling from the third day on, uric acid and CK/CKMB-activity decreasing from the 6th day on. The consecutive parallel reduction of both uric acid, urea, and muscle measurements might be seen as a special endurance-related clearance-mechanism of potential toxicants. The negative relationship between the changes of muscle measurements and the cumulative protein intake and the catabolic constellation of the clinical-chemical values might suggest that the absolute protein intake of 1.7 g/kg body mass should be increased in order to diminish the loss of musculature during an ultra-long distance run.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in foot dimensions during extreme endurance running].

55 (including 13 women) of 110 starters of a 1000-km-ultra long distance run reached their goal after 20 days of daily running 50 km. As a consequence of the burden of running 500 km the flat feet form is diminished, which might be caused by an increased reactive muscular tonus. The increase of foot length and breadth measures between the 9th and 16th day, however, demonstrates the opposite effect, when a "physiological limit" of circa 500 km is exceeded.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1989

Degradation of vasoactive intestinal peptide by isolated, ventilated, and perfused rat lungs.

The degradation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was studied using an isolated perfused rat lung model. 125iodine labelled VIP (125I-VIP) was used as a tracer. VIP was cleared from the perfusate by a single lung passage up to concentrations of 1 nmol l-1. The clearance rate was decreased at higher concentrations of VIP. VIP was taken up by the lung tissue and the cleavage products were re-extruded into the perfusate. The time delay of re-extrusion was increased at starting concentrations of VIP exceeding 1 nmol l-1 and in the presence of the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. After a bolus of 9 pmol or 40 nmol 125I-VIP into the pulmonary artery catheter 6.3 pmol or 2920 pmol, respectively, were bound by the lung. Most of the radioactive material was extruded within 25 min and consisted of low molecular weight 125I-labelled degradation products. We conclude that the receptors for VIP in the alveolar capillaries are of high affinity and capacity to extract VIP from the circulation and that lysosomes may be involved in the degradation. The degradation products are of low molecular weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Comparative studies of the population structure of a Kurd village population in Southeast Turkey. I. Morphologic regional comparison].

The paper is dealing with an anthropological investigation of a Kurdish village population from southern Turkey. We especially attached importance on the complete registration of all inhabitants to get a reliable sample for regional comparison of morphological features. Anthropological data of other Kurdish population groups are used for univariate and multivariate analysis. The resulting clusters are discussed beside the question of representation under the standpoint of regional and cultural origin of the samples.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1987

[Correlates and predictors of the age of menarche].

In a cross-sectional study of 452 girls between 10 and 16 years of age 36 indices of physical and 50 of mental development were tested for their correlation with age at menarche and chronological age, as well as for their predictive power for estimating menarche by multiple regression analysis. Indices of physical maturity and body weight when adjusted for chronological age showed the highest partial correlation coefficients with age at menarche. Among mental characters which show lower intercorrelations with menarche occurred the highest correlation coefficients for a handmotor factor "Spurennachzeichnen" and a factor "Gruppenabhängigkeit" (which indicates a type of social motivation). In general physical and mental factors correlate higher with chronological age than with age at menarche. By multiple regression analysis we determined 14 physical and 25 mental predictors explaining 21% and 17% respectively of the variance of age at menarche. The error of the estimate predicting menarche on body weight without knowledge of onset of menarche is +/- 1 year. Using chronological age in a sample of girls before menarche the error of the estimate only is +/- 6 months. To compare the predictive power of chronological age combined with body weight or with skeletal age the time interval is calculated within which 95% of girls attain menarche. The range of prediction extends from 4.3 to 1 year on chronological age (11-16 years); using mean body weight it can be improved by 1.8 to 6 months, while using mean skeletal age an improvement of 0.2 to 3.9 months is possible compared with body weight. The correlations between age at menarche and physical and mental variables are attributed to a common hormonal influence on rate of development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Physical and psychological changes in relation to the period before and after onset of the menarche].

This cross-sectional study on 452 girls between 11 and 16 years of age examines the physical and psychological changes in the period 30 months before and 60 months after onset of menarche. Indicators of maturity showed the strongest alterations around menarche. In the majority of the physical characters (e. g. thickness of skinfold) adult values are achieved only a longer period after menarche, whereas others (e. g. dimensions of the head) terminate growth already largely by onset of menarche. We found out a minimum in development of thickness of skinfold at the time of menarche indicating a "second loss of body fat" in girls. In four different dimensions of personality (health, anxiety, neuroticism, power of concentration) menarche causes an interruption of the psychic development, and that in an adverse sense.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Localization of simian adenovirus 7 (SA 7) transcription and replication in lytic infection. An ultracytochemical and autoradiographical study.

We have studied SA7 (simian adenovirus 7) lytic infection at the ultrastruct level. The use of cytochemical techniques which specifically stain DNA or preferentially stain ribonucleoproteins permitted the analysis of the structure of the virus-induced nuclear inclusions, and revealed presumed virus DNA before the appearance of other nuclear alterations. Correlation of these findings with high resolution autoradiography enabled the functions of virus DNA replication and transcription to be ascribed to a defined nuclear inclusion. We demonstrate that the nucleolus remains distinct from the inclusion body, contrary to the situation in other adenovirus-infected cells. The functional role of host cell chromatin and of the nucleolus are discussed.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1975

Ribonucleoprotein components in liver cell nuclei as visualized by cryoultramicrotomy.

The interphase nucleus of the normal rat hepatocyte has been studied in ultrathin frozen sections after glutaraldehyde fixation and the modification of various staining procedures known to be specific for DNA structures (Moyne's thallium stain, Gautier's osmium-ammine) or preferential for RNP carriers and basic proteins (regressive stains based on the use of EDTA or citrate, negatively charged colloidal iron). The results are comparable to those obtained after classical dehydration and embedding. Particular attention has been paid to the nucleolus and extranucleolar RNP components, such as perichromatin fibrils and granules, as well as interchromatin granules. A striking observation was the uneven size and the strongly increased number of perichromatin granules, and the appearance of a contiguous interchromatin net, containing nucleoproteins. Cryoultramicrotomy without embedding appears to be very useful for the exploration of the nucleus in thick sections which remain sufficiently transparent even with the usual accelerating voltages.

Animals↗