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Biomedical subjects

W Bischoff

Publications and source records attributed to W Bischoff.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Loracarbef (LY163892) versus cefaclor and norfloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Optimal therapy for pyelonephritis requires the immediate administration of an effective broad-spectrum antibiotic. Because conventional oral antibiotics such as the sulfonamides and the aminopenicillins are limited by the development of resistant bacteria associated with this common disease, the therapeutic effectiveness of a new oral carbacephem antibiotic was investigated. Two double-blind, randomized clinical trials of loracarbef (LY163892) were conducted. A total of 245 patients (greater than or equal to 18 years old) with uncomplicated pyelonephritis were enrolled in parallel studies. One study compared loracarbef with cefaclor; the other compared loracarbef with norfloxacin. In the combined patient population, 119 patients were treated with loracarbef (400 mg twice daily), 43 with cefaclor (500 mg three times daily), and 83 with norfloxacin (400 mg twice daily). All treatment regimens continued for greater than or equal to 14 days. A total of 68 patients in the loracarbef group, 25 in the cefaclor group, and 43 in the norfloxacin group qualified for efficacy analysis. Escherichia coli was the causative pathogen in 85.0% of these patients. Successful posttherapy clinical and bacteriologic responses were similar for all three study drugs: 94.1 and 86.8%, 96.0 and 80.0%, 97.7 and 88.4% for loracarbef, cefaclor, and norfloxacin, respectively. Late posttherapy clinical responses were 87.4, 83.3, and 91.7% for the loracarbef, cefaclor, and norfloxacin groups, respectively. Bacteriologic responses for the three groups were 79.6, 60.0, and 88.9%. The most frequent adverse effects (headache, diarrhea, and nausea) were experienced by three patients (2.5%) in the loracarbef group; headaches were noted in two (4.7%) cefaclor patients, diarrhea was noted in three (7.0%) patients in the cefaclor group, and nausea was noted in four (9.3%). Gastrointestinal events were noted in four patients (4.8%) in the norfloxacin group. The data demonstrate that loracarbef is comparable in efficacy and safety to both cefaclor and norfloxacin as oral therapy for uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections.

Loracarbef, a member of the carbacephem class of beta-lactam antibiotics, was tested in randomized, double-blind, parallel studies for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). In one study conducted in the United States, a 7-day course of once-daily doses of loracarbef (200 mg) was compared with a 7-day course of multiple daily doses of cefaclor (250 mg three times a day). Analysis of data from a small, homogeneous patient population of 108 college-aged women showed that loracarbef produced clinical and bacteriologic responses similar to those produced by cefaclor. At 5-9 days posttherapy, bacteriologic cure was observed in 96% of patients in the loracarbef group and 90% of patients in the cefaclor group (p = 0.614); at 4-6 weeks post-therapy, the same cure rate (81%) was observed in both groups. Analysis of the larger (333 patients) and more heterogeneous study population containing several male and elderly female patients showed that loracarbef again produced responses similar to those produced by cefaclor, with no statistically significant differences seen between the groups at 5-9 days or at 4-6 weeks posttherapy. The adverse events reported by the loracarbef and cefaclor groups were also comparable in both the small and large patient populations analyzed. Similarly favorable results were seen when a 7-day regimen of loracarbef (200 mg once a day) was compared with a 7-day regimen of norfloxacin (400 mg twice a day) in a large European study of approximately 300 patients with uncomplicated cystitis. These studies demonstrate that the safety and efficacy of once-daily loracarbef are comparable to the safety and efficacy of multiple-dose/day therapy with other antimicrobial agents commonly used in the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs.

Cefaclor↗
PubMed1991

An open multicentre study on the efficacy and safety of rufloxacin in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.

In an open study, 27 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis were treated for four weeks with rufloxacin. They received 400 mg on the first day, and then 200 mg once daily. The patients were studied for up to one month after completion of therapy. One patient was lost to follow-up, but was included in the safety analysis. One patient did not meet all the inclusion criteria (WBC less than 10/HPF in the prostatic fluid sample) and was evaluated separately (cure). One month after treatment, clinical success (cure and improvement) was obtained in 23 of 25 patients (92%) and bacteriological eradication was achieved in 19 of 24 patients (79%). The only adverse event possibly related to the study drug was a case of transient mild tiredness and nervousness. Rufloxacin did not accumulate in plasma during therapy. Hence, a single daily dose of rufloxacin 200 mg appears to be a safe treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An assessment of temafloxacin in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis.

Based on its in-vitro activity against the majority of organisms associated with bacterial prostatitis and its excellent penetration into prostatic tissue, prostatic secretions and seminal fluid, temafloxacin appears to be a suitable agent for the treatment of prostatic infections. The efficacy and safety of temafloxacin 400 mg bd for 28 days were assessed in 61 patients from ten centres in Germany with symptomatic bacterial prostatitis diagnosed by segmented localizing cultures. Urine and prostatic secretions were obtained for culture. Clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated at two weeks during treatment, and at 5 to 9 days and 26 to 30 days after treatment. Safety was monitored during and at the end of treatment. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were the most frequent pathogens. In 41 clinically and bacteriologically evaluable patients, 37 (90%) were successfully treated at 5 to 9 days; four of these patients did not return for follow-up at the final visit and the remaining patients (33) continued to be clinically cured or improved. Thirty-seven patients (90.2%) had eradication of pre-treatment pathogens at 5 to 9 days after treatment; three of these patients did not return for this final follow-up visit. There were six patients with persistent or recurrent pathogens isolated and six patients with reinfecting pathogens. Thus, 26 of 38 (68%) evaluable patients at visit 5 were free from infection (from either a pre-treatment pathogen or any subsequent new infecting pathogen) up to 26 to 30 days after treatment. One clinically evaluable but bacteriologically non-evaluable patient was classified as a therapeutic failure after nine days of treatment and was not included in the final assessment. Improvement in the severity of specific signs and symptoms was observed in greater than 90% of cases. Mild to moderate adverse events, mostly occurring during the first or second weeks of long-term therapy, were reported in 11.5% of patients. Temafloxacin 400 mg bd, for four weeks was very effective and well tolerated by the majority of patients with documented bacterial prostatitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

"Physiological osteoporosis" and "osteoblast insufficiency" in old age. Comparative radiological-morphometric and statistical studies on the spongy bone of lumbar and cervical vertebral bodies.

To investigate the expectation of general insufficiency of osteoblasts with increasing age, we studied autotopsy material from 105 deceased persons of both sexes who had died between 16 and 91 years and in whom clinically manifest diseases of the bone had been excluded. Quantitative morphometric examination of the structure of the spongy bone of the 3rd-5th lumbar vertebral bodies (LVBs) and of the 5th-7th cervical vertebral bodies (CVBs) was carried out in frontal and sagittal planes, the parameters analysed being volumetric density (Vv), surface density (Sv) and specific surface area (S/V), and the results were subjected to statistical evaluation. The results showed that in the three LVBs, Vv, Sv and S/V behave in a similar manner, Vv and Sv decreasing after the age of 50 years by more than one-third while S/V remains constant throughout life. The three lower CVBs had higher values than the LVBs for all three structural parameters. In the 7th CVB somewhat lower Vv and Sv values and higher S/V values were found than in the 5th and 6th. The age-related changes, by contrast, were very small. This differing behavior of the spongy bone in the two regions of the spinal column is an expression of the different characteristic loading forces in each regions: LVB loading is predominantly static, CVB loading mainly dynamic. Thus, from the functional point of view, what is known as "physiological osteoporosis due to ageing" is nothing more than adaptation by an ageing bone to physical activity, reflecting--like the bone of the young adult--the current loading of the cancellous bone by the actions of the musculoskeletal system. Since such physical activity is often age-related, the performance of the osteoblasts does not depend upon age per se, but merely on the remaining functional adaptive capacities of the ageing organism as whole.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1990

3.75 and 7.5 mg leuprorelin acetate depot in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: preliminary report. German Leuprorelin Study Group.

In an on-going, non-comparative, open, multicentre phase III study in Germany, 190 patients with advanced prostatic cancer were treated with 3.75 or 7.5 mg leuprorelin acetate depot given subcutaneously or intramuscularly once monthly, with or without concomitant antiandrogen or cytostatic therapy. The two doses and the different routes of administration did not have any significant effects on serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations, tumour activity or clinical tolerance. Using either dose, the 'no progression' rate (complete remission plus partial remission plus stable disease) was 88.5% overall and was 88.2% in T1-T2 disease and 82.5% in T3-T4 disease after 12 months' treatment. It is concluded that the depot formulation of leuprorelin acetate offers an important alternative in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative structural analyses of the spongy bone of lumbar and cervical vertebral bodies. Radiological-morphometric and statistical studies].

To investigate the question as to a possible insufficiency of the osteoblasts with increasing age, autopsy material obtained from 105 deceased of both sexes at an age of 16 to 91 in whom clinically manifest bone diseases had been excluded, was studied. The structure of the spongy bone of the 3rd to 5th lumbar vertebral bodies (LVB) and of the 5th to 7th cervical vertebral bodies (CVB) was examined quantitatively-morphometrically, and the results were submitted to a statistical evaluation. In the three LVB, Vv, Sv and S/V behave in a similar manner. Here, Vv and Sv decrease after the age of 50 by more than 1/3, while S/V remains constant throughout live. In all the structural parameters, the three lower CVB have higher values than do the LVB. The age-dependent changes, in contrast, are only very slight. This differing behaviour of the spongy bone in the two regions of the spinal column is an expression of the characteristic loading forces in the respective regions: LVB loading is predominantly static, CVB loading mainly dynamic. Thus, from this functional point of view, physiological osteoporosis due to aging, so-called, is merely an expression of an aging bone adapting - in the same way as the bone of a young adult - to the current loading forces acting upon it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Clinical experience with iohexol versus iopromide in excretory urography.

In a controlled double-blind study the quality of the contrast produced by iopromide and iohexol was compared in two groups of 100 patients by excretory urography. The aim was to investigate whether iopromide or iohexol has any diagnostic advantages for the opacification of the kidneys, the renal pelves, and the ureters. The results show that there is no difference in contrast quality between the two substances (chi-square, p greater than 0.1). Moreover there is no difference in the frequency of concomitant symptoms (chi-square, p greater than 0.1). Both contrast media show the well-known excellent tolerance with only 1% side effects and the good contrast quality of the nonionic contrast media.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ofloxacin: therapeutic results in Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis.

Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the genito-urinary tract is becoming recognized as a disease which has reached a higher incidence than gonococcal infections, and caused severe and complicated infections in males and females even without major complaints. The MicroTrak test is used to demonstrate C. trachomatis by direct identification under the fluorescence microscope using fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibodies. 20 patients (15 males, five females) with proven C. trachomatis urethritis were treated for five days with 2 X 200 mg ofloxacin. The initial cure rate was 90% (18 of 20 patients) with an additional 10% being cured after extended therapy over ten days. No side-effects occurred during ofloxacin therapy. Thus ofloxacin can be regarded as an effective and safe drug for the treatment of the genito-urinary infections caused by C. trachomatis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative studies of enoxacin and amoxicillin for acute uncomplicated cystitis in women].

120 women suffering from acute uncomplicated bacterial cystitis were treated in an open randomized study either with 1 X 400 mg enoxacin or 1 X 3 g amoxicillin per os. Analysis of midstream urine and bacteriological urine cultures were examined before, two and seven days as well as six weeks after therapy. Treatment with enoxacin resulted in 97.5% (second day), respectively 92.5% (seventh day) bacteriologically sterile urine cultures, whereas the rate of sterile urines following amoxicillin reached only 72.5% (second day), and 65% (seventh day), respectively. Side effects (gastrointestinal, allergic, cardiovascular) were noted in one case in the enoxacin group and in ten cases in the amoxicillin group. The highly active antibiotic derivatives of the 4-quinolone-group (e.g. enoxacin) administered as a single dose achieve high cure rates in carefully selected female patients with acute uncomplicated bacterial cystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Single-dose treatment of acute cystitis with norfloxacin. 1st report].

25 women with acute uncomplicated cystitis were treated with a single dose of 800 mg norfloxacin orally. Urinary checkups were performed 3 and 8 days after therapy and 4 and 8 weeks later. Urinary cultures, bacterial identification and antibiotic testing were performed. Success rate as based on the bacterial results was 96%. Reinfection occurred in one case only over the follow-up period of 8 weeks. This high success rate is due to strict selection of patients with truly uncomplicated cystitis and the beneficial chemotherapeutic effect of norfloxacin.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

On the pathogenesis of spondylosis deformans and arthrosis uncovertebralis: comparative form-analytical radiological and statistical studies on lumbar and cervical vertebral bodies.

To investigate the etiopathogenesis of the common clinical symptoms of the lower lumbar spine (LS) and cervical spine (CS) (lower back pain and local cervical spine syndrome), the dimensions of the third to fifth lumbar vertebral bodies (LVB) and the fifth to seventh cervical vertebral bodies (CVB) were studied quantitatively and morphometrically in frontal and sagittal planes, as a function of sex and age, in 105 human cadavers of both sexes aged between 16 and 91 years. The evaluation was done in X-ray pictures of 100-micron-thick polished bone sections with the aid of the Macro Facility of the Leitz Texture Analysis System. In each case, the maximum and minimum heights and widths and depths and the computed differences in heights, widths, and depths were determined. The results were evaluated statistically and compared within and between the two regions of the spine, using regression-correlation analyses. The heights, widths, and depths of the VB are all greater in men than in women; their behavior during ageing is, however, identical for both sexes. The heights of all the VB examined remain constant throughout life after termination of growth. The maximum widths and the width differences reveal an increase in both LVB and CVB in old age. All depth parameters reveal constancy in the case of the LVB but an increase in the case of the CVB in old age. The correlation coefficients of the maximum width of the VB within the spinal regions are very high in the LVB, but lower in the CVB. Between the two regions, in contrast, they are very low. This behavior suggests a superordinate action principle within each of the spinal regions which is based on characteristic anatomical construction and functional stressing. The static stressing of the LVB leads, laterally to disc protrusions. As a result of this, traction forces acting on the weak lateral elements of the anterior longitudinal ligament, stimulate the accretion of spondylotic osteophytes at the point of insertion of the ligament on the vertebral body. Anteriorly, in contrast, the particular strong anterior longitudinal ligament prevents such a remodelling process. Posteriorly, the longitudinal ligament is attached to the intervertebral discs, and can thus not stimulate the vertebral body to produce osteophytes. The dynamic stressing of the CVB leads laterally to friction between the VB in the region of the uncovertebral joints and to the formation of arthrotic osteophytes. Anteriorly, owing to the weak configuration of the anterior longitudinal ligament in this aspect, disc protrusion occur and, subsequently, spondylotic osteophytes accrete.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Adenocarcinoma of the appendix penetrating the bladder.

We report a case of a mucous papillary tumor in the bladder. Initial treatment was transurethral resection but open partial bladder resection became necessary. Operation revealed an appendix tumor penetrating the bladder. Histologically, it was primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1979

[The problem of hepatic dysfunction of the diagnosis of hypernephroid kidney carcinomas (Stauffer syndrome)].

In 43 patients with histologically proved hypernephroid kidney cancer evaluation of the electrophoretic results, serum alkaline phosphatase, thromboplastin time (Quick's time) and bromthalein retention (n = 10) was carried out. As a control group the serum values of 10 patients with clinical tentative diagnosis of hypernephroid kidney cancer were checked; in this group operation and histological examination showed no kidney tumor. Only in one patient we found the typical constellation with elevated alkaline phosphatase, diminished albumin, elevated alpha-2 globuline fraction, and decreased thromboplastin time. 10 patients with histologically proved hypernephroid kidney cancer (nephrectomy) did not show any hepatic dysfunctions. Concerning the laboratory findings there was no difference between the two groups. In case of hepatic dysfunctions of unknown etiology a liver punction should be carried out for histologically examination. The cause of hepatic dysfunction (Stauffer syndrome) in cases of hypernephroid kidney cancer are discussed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗