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Biomedical subjects

W Bruce

Publications and source records attributed to W Bruce.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A novel view for the scintigraphic assessment of the elbow.

Using any imaging modality, the elbow is a complex joint to evaluate. The use of scintigraphy in the evaluation of the effects of acute or chronic trauma has largely been confined to epicondylitis. We developed a skyline view of the elbow that minimized the effect of overlap and assessed its incremental value in the scintigraphic assessment of several pathological conditions. Thirty-four abnormalities were evaluated in 20 patients with a range of pathologies, including epicondylitis, ligamentous avulsion injury, articular injury, fractures and synovitis. The incremental value of addition of the skyline view to the standard views was assessed in addition to the overall accuracy of scintigraphy. Overall, scintigraphy detected 27 of 34 abnormalities, with the standard views of the elbow accurately identifying 15 and the skyline view 23 abnormalities. This gave the skyline view an incremental value of 24% over the standard views. In conclusion, scintigraphy has the potential to identify a greater range of pathologies in the elbow than previously reported, due to the addition of the skyline view to the standard views.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases mRNA expression in archival human tissues from failed total hip arthroplasty using in situ hybridization and color video image analysis.

Reports on the histological and biochemical nature of periprosthetic fibrous/granulomatous tissue has, to date, been largely limited to frozen tissue sections. This study reports the cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase profiles found in periprosthetic interface tissues in THA which have failed due to aseptic loosening and in capsular tissues obtained at primary surgery. The study employs immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and color video image analysis on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded sections.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of the neuropathic knee by arthroplasty.

The neuropathic joint is one of the most difficult management problems in orthopaedic practice. The surgeon is often referred the patient late in the course of the disease, when there has been marked joint destruction so that non-operative measures are not suitable. We report a case of a severely deformed neuropathic knee joint, for which an uncemented total knee replacement was performed. The rationale for use of this procedure instead of arthrodesis, and discussion of the condition follow.

Arthropathy, Neurogenic↗
PubMed1992

A liberal arts health promotion course.

With a grant from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, the University of North Carolina at Asheville and the Mountain Area Health Education Center established a campus health promotion program that also trained family practice residents in health promotion skills. The heart of the program was a 3-credit course that emphasized stress management, aerobic conditioning, interpersonal relationship skills, and nutrition. Follow-ups after 2 years revealed that 90% of the students who responded said the course had had some lasting effect on their lives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Elements of the early diagnosis and staging of prostatic cancer. Functional results of radical surgery. Apropos of 50 complete prostatectomies].

The authors report a series of 50 radical prostatectomies and analyse and discuss the elements of: early diagnosis of adenocarcinoma: 63% of patients did not have a strictly normal digital rectal examination, 70% had abnormal ultrasonography, 73% has a PSA assay greater than 10. Suspicious signs were absent in 17% of cases, but present in 83% of cases (one sign), 63% of cases (two signs) and 40% of cases (three signs). Ultrasound guided biopsy of suspicious zones (on rectal examination or on ultrasonography) and in adjacent zones by dividing the prostate into quadrants has an increasing diagnostic yield (77% of the last thirty cases, 100% of the last fifteen cases). Staging frequently underestimates the exact volume of the tumour and the state of the prostatic capsule. MRI using a high power magnetic field apparatus seems to improve the accuracy of preoperative staging. Operative results were excellent in terms of mortality (nil), morbidity (6% of cases) and functional results for continence (recovered within one month) and sexual activity (satisfactory in 73% of cases) when Walsh's technique was able to be applied.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

The influence of CO2 production and physiological deadspace on end-tidal CO2 during controlled ventilation: a study using a mechanical model.

A mechanical lung model was used to investigate the effect of varying carbon dioxide production and deadspace on the end-tidal carbon dioxide levels achieved during mechanical ventilation when using the Bain, Humphrey ADE, and circle systems. Both factors had significant influence on end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration and could result in values in excess of those considered acceptable in clinical practice. The implications of the results are discussed.

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of a clinical gait analysis method using videography and temporal-distance measures with 16-mm cinematography.

The purpose of this study was to compare a clinical gait analysis method using videography and temporal-distance measures with 16-mm cinematography in a gait analysis laboratory. Ten children with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (means age = 8.8 +/- 2.7 years) and 9 healthy children (means age = 8.9 +/- 2.4 years) participated in the study. Stride length, walking velocity, and goniometric measurements of the hip, knee, and ankle were recorded using the two gait analysis methods. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences between the data collected using the two methods. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were determined to examine the relationship between the measurements recorded by the two methods. The consistency of performance of the subjects during walking was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients. No significant differences were found between the methods for the variables studied. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients ranged from .79 to .95, and intraclass coefficients ranged from .89 to .97. The clinical gait analysis method was found to be a valid tool in comparison with 16-mm cinematography for the variables that were studied.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1987

[Role of lymph node cytopuncture in the evaluation of cancers of the prostate and bladder].

Lack of reliability of lymphography and morbidity associated with lymphadenectomy lead authors to use lymph node puncture-cytology in assessment of the state of the pelvic nodes in evaluating carcinomas of the bladder and prostate. 38 patients were thus investigated (21 CA prostate and 17 bladder tumours). In 83% of cases the material collected was uninterpretable. Proof of a lymph node metastasis was obtained in 15 cases. 23 cases were further evaluated at surgery, confirming the absence of false positives. 3 false negatives would raise the question of the limitations of the method. The absence of complications would appear to justify this harmless method, with the potential of increasing its reliability by puncture of the majority of opacified nodes regardless of their radiological appearance.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Foot-and-mouth disease and the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). II. Virus excretion and transmission during acute infection.

Three groups of young buffalo in captivity were infected by exposing them to similar buffalo in the acute stages of infection induced by needle inoculation with SAT 1 or 2 viruses. Clear foot lesions developed in most of the buffalo from which the relevant virus types were re-isolated. During the first week following infection virus was found in blood, nasal secretions, saliva, preputial secretions and faeces. Air samples collected in the immediate vicinity of acutely infected buffalo were also found to contain virus. However, the regularity of virus detection as well as the quantity of virus in buffalo specimens was generally lower than for cattle infected with viruses of the same type. Conversely, virus was detected in the nasal secretions or saliva of 3 buffalo up to 4 weeks after infection, a situation which has not been encountered in cattle. Susceptible cattle and impala (Aepyceros melampus) were penned together with or in the immediate vicinity of infected buffalo and shared feeding and watering facilities with the buffalo. The pattern of transmission which emerged indicated that transfer of these viruses from buffalo to other species probably occurs only in the acute stages of infection and where there is direct physical contact between the species.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1981

Neutropenia following acute chlorpromazine ingestion.

A 5-year-old child is reported who, after an acute ingestion of chlorpromazine, developed an absolute neutropenia. The neutrophil count reached its nadir (210 cells/mm3) at 45 h postingestion. The child recovered and had a normal white blood cell count 17 d after ingestion. While neutropenia and agranulocytosis are not uncommon with chronic chlorpromazine therapy, neutropenia following an acute ingestion is unique but predictable in view of chlorpromazine's toxic effects on white cells. A white blood cell count on presentation of an acute chlorpromazine ingestion and at 24-48 h postingestion should allow detection of patients at risk for acute chlorpromazine-induced neutropenia.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1979

The effect of relative humidity on swine vesicular disease virus in dried films before and during formaldehyde fumigation.

Swine Vesicular Disease virus (SVDV) did not survive drying at high relative humidities (r.h.) but there was little virus loss at low r.h. Purified virus dried in films was inactivated by formaldehyde fumigation only at high r.h. Inactivation was also influenced by the suspending medium from which the virus was dried. Purified virus resuspended in distilled water and then dried, was rapidly killed, but that in tissue culture fluid survived.

Animals↗