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Biomedical subjects

W C Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to W C Bauer.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Preliminary report on 10 patients treated with radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for isolated elevation of serum PSA levels.

Since 1987, 10 patients have been treated with irradiation to a limited pelvic volume for elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level above expected post-radical prostatectomy levels without clinical or radiological evidence of either metastatic or locoregional disease. The patients were treated 3 to 43 months after radical prostatectomy, using bilateral 120 degrees arcs to deliver 6000 cGy to the prostatic bed. The pathologic findings of the initial surgical specimens for all patients were reviewed. Eight patients had pathologic Stage C disease, and five patients had one or more positive margins. All patients had negative staging lymphadenectomies. After irradiation, eight patients had decreases in PSA levels indicative of response of isolated local disease. Through preliminary, these results suggest that post-prostatectomy PSA levels are useful for detecting subclinical local recurrence or persistence in the prostatic bed, as well as monitoring these patients' response to therapy. The value of this elective treatment remains to be documented.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Sweat gland differentiation in mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

A breast tumor is described which presented as an exophytic mass, and which by both light and electron microscopic examination had a biphasic histologic composition. In the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis, it showed tubular differentiation similar to a cutaneous tubular apocrine adenoma and salivary basal cell adenoma, and, in the deeper portion, it had the characteristic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Their possible interrelationships are discussed, and mammary adenoid cystic carcinoma is briefly reviewed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Subpopulations of breast carcinoma defined by S-phase fraction, morphology, and estrogen receptor content.

The S-phase fraction (SPF), defined as the number of cells per hundred that showed evidence of nuclear DNA synthesis detectable by autoradiography after in vitro incubation with tritiated thymidine, was measured in 170 primary, invasive carcinomas of the breast. Assay for estrogen receptor was performed on tissue from 129 carcinomas, and 34 were also assayed for progesterone receptor. The concentration of estradiol-17 beta was measured in the serum of 69 patients. All carcinomas were analyzed for a variety of histologic features and were classified into morphologic types. SPF were lognormally distributed and were negatively correlated with the patient's age and presence of estrogen receptor, but not with presence of progesterone receptor, size of the carcinoma, number of axillary nodal metastases, or concentration of estradiol-17 beta in serum. The SPFs of lobular, mucinous, and tubular carcinomas were consistently low (geometric mean 1.2, range 0.05 to 3.55), and the SPFs of medullary and atypical medullary carcinomas were consistently high (geometric mean 14.0, range 7.77 to 20.2), whereas carcinomas of other types (not otherwise specified) had an intermediate geometric mean (4.7) and a broad range (0.09 to 25.4). The carcinomas that were not otherwise specified could be divided into three groups with different geometric mean SPFs by nuclear morphologic criteria (1.2 for minimal atypicality, 3.5 for moderate, and 7.9 for severe). Therefore it is possible to sort breast carcinomas histologically into groups with low, intermediate, and high SPF. Correlations between SPF, estrogen receptor content, and microscopic morphology indicate the existence of distinctive subpopulations of breast carcinoma that may have epidemiologic and therapeutic importance.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1978

S-phase fractions of breast carcinomas. Relationships to morphology, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and early recurrence.

Analysis of the S-phase fractions (SPF) measured by in vitro thymidine labeling, morphological appearances, and estrogen receptor (ER) assays of primary invasive breast carcinomas demonstrated several interrelationships. Lobular, mucinous, tubular, and adenocystic carcinomas consistently had low SPF and were usually positive for ER. The same was true for the carcinomas of no special histologic type [the not otherwise specified (NOS) group of E. R. Fisher including "infiltrating ductal" and undifferentiated carcinomas] with minimal anaplasia. Medullary, atypical medullary, and morphologically unclassifiable carcinomas with marked nuclear anaplasia nearly always had high SPF and were usually negative for ER. High SPF was associated with advanced stages of carcinoma initially or with early recurrence following mastectomy.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1976

Tritiated thymidine labeling index of benign and malignant human breast epithelium.

38 specimens of benign breast tissue from young women and 92 primary breast carcinomas were evaluated for tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) labeling index (TLI) by in vitro pulse labeling. The TLI on nonneoplastic, terminal breast ducts was significantly higher during the latter half than during the first half of the menstrual cycle (P less than 0.001), and a geometric mean TLI of 1.5 during the latter half of the cycle is consistent with approximately 47% turnover of these cells during the menstrual cycle. Ducts of fibroadenomas showed similar menstrual variation TLI. The range of TLI observed in the carcinomas was 0.04-18.6, arithmetic mean 3.7, geometric mean 2.1. The TLI of carcinomas was not significantly correlated with size of the tumor, but tended to be higher in women less than 50 yr old than in women older than 50 yr (P less than 0.05), and in the presence of two or more metastatic axillary lymph nodes than when fewer than two nodes were involved (P less than 0.02).

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1976

Hemilaryngectomy for T3 (fixed cord) epidermoid carcinoma of larynx.

This clinicopathologic study was undertaken to determine whether true vocal cord fixation produced by epidermoid carcinoma is an absolute contra-indication to treatment by hemilaryngectomy. In a consecutive series of 114 hemilaryngectomies performed at McMillan Hospital (1960-1967) for previously untreated epidermoid carcinoma, 18 patients had fixation of the involved true vocal cord. Each hemilaryngectomy specimen (serial step sections in the longitudinal plane) was re-examined to ascertain the cause of vocal cord fixation; the adequacy of margin; and the presence of blood vessel, nerve sheath and cartilage invasion. Clinical follow-up on each patient was current through December, 1972 (5-12 years postop). All of these cases were seen initially by one of the authors (J.H.O.). Serial sections revealed that true vocal cord fixation was caused by muscle invasion in 14 of the 18 patients. "Positive margins" were present in eight patients but no immediate treatment was given. Two of these patients developed biopsy proven local recurrences, and both were cured with Co60 irradiation. Among the 18 patients with T3 epidermoid carcinoma treated by hemilaryngectomy: a. Three local recurrences developed, all in the anterior commissure. Two were cured with irradiation. The third had a laryngectomy but died from persistent cancer. b. Two patients developed cervical metastases (without local recurrence), and one was salvaged with radical neck dissection. c. Four patients died of other causes, cancer free, three to five years postoperatively. Of the 14 determinant patients, two patients died of cancer. Twelve (85 percent) were alive and free of cancer five years postoperatively. Two had received full course irradiation; one had a radical neck dissection, and all 12 had a functioning larynx. When Ogura's patients are added to the reports of other hemilaryngectomies performed despite true vocal cord fixation (Leroux-Robert [1950] 18/24, Kirchner, Som [1971] 13/19), a determinant salvage rate of 78 percent can be expected. True vocal cord fixation is generally caused by invasion of the vocalis muscle and thus may be well encompassed by a hemilaryngectomy. The precise anatomical limits of the lesion should dictate the type of surgery required for cure.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1975

In vitro determination of tritiated thymidine labeling index (LI). Evaluation of a method utilizing hyperbaric oxygen and observations on the LI of human mammary carcinoma.

A simple method for incubation of tissue specimens with tritiated thymidine under 3 atm oxygen tension gave an in vitro labeling index (LI) that corresponded closely with LI's determined by injection of tritiated thymidine in vivo. The LI of tumors was not affected by storage at room temperature for up to 135 minutes. The mean LI for 39 human mammary carcinomas was 3.8, but the distribution was skewed to the right, and the most frequently observed LI's were between 2 and 3. Larger carcinomas had significantly larger LI's than smaller tumors, which suggests that the larger tumors were faster-growing at the time of observation than the smaller tumors. The capacity of the larger tumors to maintain a relatively rapid growth rate may account for their large size. The data suggested, but did not prove, that a high LI was associated with more frequent metastasis to axillary lymph nodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Thyroid imaging in lymphocytic throiditis.

The thyroid radionuclide images of 51 adult patients with a histological diagnosis of either Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) were reviewed. The findings were variable but similar in the two groups, the most common being a multinodular pattern and the presence of hypofunctional nodules. Thyroid carcinoma was found in 2 of 41 patients with CLT and in 4 of 10 with HT. In a patient with clinical or laboratory evidence of HT and the radionuclide image finding of a cold nodule, thyroid carcinoma should be excluded by surgical biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The significance of positive margins in hemilaryngectomy specimens.

This clinicopathologic study was undertaken to determine the meaning of surgical margins "involved" with carcinoma. The fate of hemilaryngectomy patients whose specimens had this finding was comparared with that of patients who had "uninvolved" margins. A consecutive series of 111 hemilaryngectomies performed for previously untreated invasive epidermoid carcinoma was analyzed. Serial step sections in a longitudinal plane were available for re-examination and re-evaluation of the surgical margins in each case. Clinical follow-up on every patient was current through 1972. Thirty-nine patients had cancer involvement of a margin in the hemilaryngectomy specimen. None of these patients received any immediate therapy but were followed only. Seven of these patients (18 percent) subsequently developed a biopsy proven local recurrence. Four of the 72 patients (6 percent) with uninvolved margins developed a local recurrence. The site of the positive margin in the specimen was compared with the clinical site of recurrence. The seven local recurrences in patients with positive margins were treated with full course irradiation or total laryngectomy. All of these patients are alive and free of cancer or have died of other causes without evidence of cancer. Of the four local recurrences in patients with negative margins one died of cancer; two are living and well, and one died of other causes. This study provides evidence to support the conservative management of those hemilaryngectomy patients who have involved margins in the resection specimen. No immediate treatment is required. Careful follow-up is indicated with 18 percent chance of clinical recurrence. These biopsy proven recurrences can then be successfully treated with total laryngectomy or full course irradiation. Utilizing this approach none of the 39 patients with involved margins died of cancer in the 5 to 12-year follow-up period.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1975

Adenocarcinoma of the larynx.

Nine patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the larynx representing 0.1 per cent of 888 patients with primary laryngeal malignancy treated between 1955 and 1971 are reported. Following surgical therapy, four patients are alive without disease and five patients are dead due to their disease. Survival time was not related to histopathologic type, stage of disease, or mode of therapy. We cautiously advocate the use of the most conservative surgery feasible as the primary treatment of this poorly understood and highly fatal disease.

Animals↗